Advanced Industrial Societies Research Articles

Between States and Markets: The Voluntary Sector in Comparative Perspective.

Most social commentators and politicians have espoused the Tocquevillian conviction that voluntary efforts contribute vitally to the health of American society, making up a third sector between states and markets. The essays gathered here analyze the voluntary sector in the United States and other advanced industrial societies to discover whether the role of voluntary associations is distinctly American or similar in other places. The contributors also look at a variety of other questions. Is America's voluntary sector still viable? Or is it endangered by growing pressures from the government and the marketplace? Where do religious endeavors fit into the broader range of voluntary associations in the countries examined? And is a strong independent voluntary sector essential for creating a vibrant public sphere in which public values can be articulated? After an introductory chapter by Robert Wuthnow, James A. Beckford writes on Great Britain; Helmut K. Anheier, on West Germany; John Boli, on Sweden; Jack Veugelers and Michele Lamont, on France; Ted Perlmutter, on Italy; Eliezer D. Jaffe, on Israel; Helen Hardacre, on Japan; and David Harrington Watt, on the United States. A concluding chapter by Wuthnow addresses the changing character of public discourse in advanced industrial societies.

Constructing the xenophobic subject

Abstract The present paper argues that the new racisms in contemporary advanced industrial societies are of a nature that does not lend itself to a multi‐cultural project that relies on the public/private distinction; the latter is based on the same problematic that underlies new racisms. It is further argued that the unsatisfactory public/private distinction characteristic of western societies is concomitant to the spatio‐temporal contradictions of capitalist development, an instant of which is also, on a more general level, the phenomenon of migration.

Experts, Professions and Organisations in Late Modernity

The focus for this paper is the changing relationship between expertise, professional power and organisational control within advanced industrial societies. The analysis of this changing relationship is located within a more detailed appreciation of the ways in which the ‘expert division of labour’ within such societies is being restructured and the impact of this restructuring process on established patterns also raises some fundamental questions concerning the increasingly strategic role which specialist knowledge, and the organisational structures through which it is developed and managed, plays in shaping the power struggles that will determine the distribution of rewards between contending social groups within the ‘new’ political economies beginning to emerge in ‘disorganized societies’.

On Social Organization and Social Control.

In the four decades following the end of World War II, Morris Janowitz (1919-88) published major works in macrosociology, urban and political sociology, race and ethnic relations, and the study of armed forces and society. His research was deeply rooted in the traditions of philosophical pragmatism and the Chicago school of sociology, influences which led him to reject grand theories and mechanistic explanations of social life. Yet he remained confident in the capacity of sociological reason to come to grips with central aspects of the human condition. On the basis of his studies, Janowitz came to believe that the transition from early to advanced industrial society radically altered institutional organization to make democratic social control more difficult, though not impossible, to achieve. The task of his pragmatic sociology was to identify fundamental trends in the social organization of industrial societies, to indicate their substantive implications for social control, and to clarify realistic alternatives for institution building which would strengthen the prospects for maintaining liberal democratic regimes. In this volume, James Burk selects from Janowitz's scholarly writings to provide a comprehensive overview of his wide-ranging interests. Organized to demonstrate the common logic of inquiry and substantive unity of Janowitz's contribution to several subfields of sociology, the collection includes analyses of the concept of social control, ethnic intolerance and hostility, citizenship in Western societies, models for urban education, and the professionalization of military elites. Burk provides a richly detailed, critical account of Janowitz's intellectual development, placing his writings in historical context and showing their continuing relevance for sociological research. Useful to both students and specialists, the volume is an important source for the ideas and methods of one of sociology's leading figures.

The Inglehart-Flanagan Debate over Postmaterialist Values: Some Evidence from a Canadian-American Case Study

This paper presents empirical evidence regarding the disagreement between Ronald Inglehart and Scott Flanagan over the proper conceptualization and measurement of postindustrial values. The empirical findings are derived from a study of two comparable but distinct postindustrial populations. Data utilized to investigate this controversy were gathered by means of mail surveys conducted simultaneously in metropolitan Toronto and Detroit in 1988. Both Inglehart's and Flanagan's value indicators were incorporated in the field instrument. Findings support Flanagan's contention that Inglehart's postmaterial value measure obscures the multidimensional nature of value change in advanced industrial society. The data also support Flanagan and other critics of Inglehart who suggest that postindustrial society may generate both libertarian and authoritarian value orientations.

The Nature of Work: Sociological Perspectives.

The nature of work in America is changing in important ways. Blue-collar jobs are being eliminated because of increased competition from countries where wages are lower, while a greater economic role is being assumend by professional, technical, and clerical workers involved in developing complex technologies, providing services, and processing information. All this affects the values and expectations of those who work as well as their relationships to one another and to society at large. This book discusses this recent transformation. Among the provocative issues raised are - precisely what alienation from work means, and what non-alienated forms of work might be like, what happens within the family when both husband and wife contribute to the family's income, how work values are changing, and whether the primacy of work in people's lives has begun to wane, why American society has failed to develop a full employment policy in the past, how the economy might be redirected to reduce unemployment, whether work sharing (in which available hours of work are divided among a labor force) is feasible in America, and what the future will be like for workers in advanced industrial societies.

Social and political aspects of global warming

Although there is general scientific consensus that measures are needed to avert global warming and possible consequent ecological disaster, forming and implementing policies for global warming is likely to be more difficult than has been supposed. The reasons lie in the nature of the threat and the radical mismatch between it and the types of problem normally faced by democratic governments. In particular, the greenhouse effect poses major challenges to processes for consensus building and to the readiness for sacrifice in advanced industrial societies. This essay considers aspects of the international politics of global warming, and examines some of the key economic, political and social dimensions of the response of the industrial democracies so far to the threat of global warming.

The death of industrial civilization: the limits to economic growth and the repoliticization of advanced industrial society

The death of industrial civilization: the limits to economic growth and the repoliticization of advanced industrial society

Toward a Political and Moral Economy of Aging: An Alternative Perspective

A conceptual framework for empowerment of the elderly is proposed, using variations on Gramsci's hegemony and Thompson's moral economy to complement recent political economic and social psychological theories. The political economy and social psychology of aging highlight structural constraints and actors' reactions without articulating a model for empowerment. Gramsci's idea of hegemony as new moral and philosophical leadership calls for principles of social and economic organization deserving assent because they maximize people's chances for a decent life at all ages. Hegemony, as normalizing dominance, reveals ways in which the elderly may be disempowered as well as possibilities for intervention. Underlying diverse forms of hegemony are economic arrangements and an array of cultural norms. In contrast to Thompson, the authors argue that norms implicit in moral economy vary with changes in social context. In the process, two ideal types of moral economy are elaborated, grounded in exchange value and use value, respectively. Empowerment may be found through a moral economy grounded in use value appropriate to advanced industrial society that is consonant with Gramsci's new hegemony. Implications for health and income maintenance policies are explored.

Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society.

Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society.

Book Reviews

Book Reviews Get access James A. Beckford: Religion and Advanced Industrial Society. (Controversies in Sociology 23.) London: Unwyn Hyman, 1989. 189 pp. Ingo Mörth Ingo Mörth Dr University of LinzAustria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar European Sociological Review, Volume 7, Issue 1, May 1991, Pages 93–95, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a036586 Published: 01 May 1991

Die Dimensionen der Ungleichheit in der modernen Gesellschaft

Abstract Recent developments in advanced industrial societies have increased the prominence of kinds of social inequality not adequately accomodated in traditional theories of class and social stratification. It is argued that the source of this failure is not, as has been claimed, the vertical imagery informing these theories, but rather their one-dimensionality, i.e., their assumption of a single unitary distributive mechanism as the essential generator of comprehensive social inequality. The weakness of a one-dimensional approach is illustrated through an analysis of Beck’s criticism of a class-hierarchy model and his notion of ‘individualized’ inequality. The analytic superiority of a three-dimensional view of social stratification is advocated, and its systematic foundations in Weber’s statements on classes, estates, and political domination are explicated and elaborated. The shortcomings of Weber’s views on social status are diagnosed, some elements of a theory of status inequality compatible with Weber’s analytical schema are presented, and the multidimensionality of status inequality is underscored.

Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, by Ronald Inglehart

Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, <i>by Ronald Inglehart</i>

Religion and Advanced Industrial Society.

Religion and Advanced Industrial Society.

The death of industrial civilization: the limits to economic growth and the repoliticization of advanced industrial society

The death of industrial civilization: the limits to economic growth and the repoliticization of advanced industrial society

Party Adaptation and Factionalism within the Australian Party System

Although they are traditionally viewed as destabilizing influences, political factions and tendencies perform important adaptative functions in party systems. Using the Australian party system as a case study, this paper tests two hypotheses to explain their adaptative role. An electoral hypothesis proposes that factions and tendencies have broadened their respective party's electoral appeal, while an organizational hypothesis suggests that their influence is primarily on party activists and members. The results from a matched sample of candidates and voters collected during the 1987 Australian federal election reject the electoral hypothesis but give support to the organizational hypothesis. The implications of these findings for the study of political parties in advanced industrial society is discussed.

材料研究とイオン工学

Technology and society develop interdependently. In accordauce with the diversification of societal needs, technological needs have also diversified. Successor to industrial society will be advanced industrial society. Technological foundation to support such society will be materials technology. This paper describes the recent trends in materials research and also outlines ion engineering technology which typifies the recent trends. A new viewpoint for materials research is proposed in relation to the ion engineering technology.

Women's work and food: a comparative perspective

The paper compares women's work in food production, processing, marketing and preparation in developed and developing countries. The provision of adequate food for the family is central to the lives of many women in developing countries. In advanced industrial societies the location, timing, rewards and nature of women's work with food has changed over time. The impact of the shift in food-related activities from household to market-place is explored using examples from the United States of America and selected developing countries

Education, Economy and Social Change

In advanced industrial societies the educational system has been identified as making a major contribution to national economic prosperity. In this paper we examine how the educational system should be organised to meet the social and economic challenge of the late twentieth century. In asking this question the intention is to redirect current debates towards a more thorough going discussion about the interrelationship between education, economy and society. It will be argued that this broader perspective is essential if we are to fully grasp and understand the implications of the changing social and economic conditions of the late twentieth century, as well as the likely consequences of recent policy reforms.

The Death of Industrial Civilization: The Limits to Economic Growth and the Repoliticization of Advanced Industrial Society. By Joel Jay Kassiola. (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.) 297 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. Paper, $19.95

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsThe Death of Industrial Civilization: The Limits to Economic Growth and the Repoliticization of Advanced Industrial Society. By Joel Jay Kassiola. (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.) 297 pp. Notes, bibliography, index. Paper, $19.95Theodore SteinbergTheodore Steinberg University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 15, Number 3Fall 1991 Published for the American Society for Environmental History and the Forest History Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/3985040 Journal History This article was published in the Environmental History Review (1990-1995), which is continued by Environmental History (1996-present). © 1991 American Society for Environmental History. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.