Advanced Encryption Scheme Research Articles

Blockchain‐Enabled Decentralized Healthcare Data Exchange: Leveraging Novel Encryption Scheme, Smart Contracts, and Ring Signatures for Enhanced Data Security and Patient Privacy

ABSTRACTThe healthcare industry has undergone a digital transformation in recent years, with the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) becoming increasingly prevalent. While this digitization offers various advantages, concerns regarding the security and privacy of sensitive medical data have also intensified. Data breaches and cyber‐attacks targeting healthcare organizations have underscored the need for robust solutions to protect patient data. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising solution due to its decentralized and immutable nature, which ensures secure and transparent data recording. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines blockchain with advanced encryption scheme and privacy protection technique to establish a secure and privacy protected medical data sharing environment. The proposed system consists of three phases such as initialization phase, data processing phase, and authentication phase. The hybrid Feistal‐Shannon homomorphic encryption algorithm (HFSHE) is proposed to encrypt the medical data to ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Ring signature is integrated to the system to provide additional anonymity and protect the identities of the participants involved in data transactions. In addition, the smart contract developed performs authentication checks on users, generates a time seal, and verifies the ring signature. Through this enhancement, the system becomes more resilient to both external and internal threats, enhancing overall security as well as privacy. A comprehensive security analysis is conducted to compare the proposed method's performance against existing techniques. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in safeguarding sensitive medical information within the blockchain ecosystem.

Enhancing cryptographic protection, authentication, and authorization in cellular networks: a comprehensive research study

This research article provides an extensive analysis of novel methods of cryptographic protection as well as advancements in authentication and authorization techniques within cellular networks. The aim is to explore recent literature and identify effective authentication and authorization methods, including high-speed data encryption. The significance of this study lies in the growing need for enhanced data security in scientific research. Therefore, the focus is on identifying suitable authentication and authorization schemes, including blockchain-based approaches for distributed mobile cloud computing. The research methodology includes observation, comparison, and abstraction, allowing for a comprehensive examination of advanced encryption schemes and algorithms. Topics covered in this article include multi-factor authentication, continuous authentication, identity-based cryptography for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, secure blockchain-based authentication for fog computing, internet of things (IoT) device mutual authentication, authentication for wireless sensor networks based on blockchain, new secure authentication schemes for standard wireless telecommunications networks, and the security aspects of 4G and 5G cellular networks. Additionally, in the paper a differentiated authentication mechanism for heterogeneous 6G networks blockchain-based is discussed. The findings presented in this article hold practical value for organizations involved in scientific research and information security, particularly in encryption and protection of sensitive data.

Intelligent encryption with improved zealous method to enhance the anonymization of public health records in cloud

<p>In order to keep the cost of installing advanced encryption scheme (AES) hardware to a minimum and to hide the protected key from hackers, existing networks’ tactics are employed in this study. This is the biggest drawback of the present methods since there is no security while keeping the concealed key of the AES encryption method. The user is unable to remember all the AES keys since it is necessary to connect with several people using various AES keys. The suggested approach successfully counters both facet and brute force assaults. The advanced encryption method is the safest algorithm to utilize for trustworthy encryption, according to the findings. But the issue is that the advanced encryption scheme makes brute force attack less effective. Honey encryption is thus used. The recommended method encrypts the dataset after dataset anonymization to ensure privacy. An enhanced zealous technique is used to do anonymization when a middle dataset is created using the supplied key. After the dataset has been sorted, the dataset with the higher rank is the one that gets encrypted first. The user receives these datasets together with a decryption key for the encrypted records, enabling them to swiftly obtain the data they need.</p>

Cryptography based on algebraic perpendicularities

Cryptography, the mathematics of protecting secret or sensitive information, is a continuously evolving area of interest. A concrete example of this is the fact that worldwide spending on information security and risk management technology and services has been estimated to reach over $150 billion in 2021. Modern cryptography is actually not a single separate domain of mathematics but an advanced encryption scheme can be based on applications of results in number theory, such as the Euler–Fermat Theorem, or involve the discrete logarithm problem using either a primitive root of a large prime or an element of an elliptic curve over a prime field. In the background, probability theory, statistics, studies on computational models and finite geometries, etc. play a major role. Recent research has considered even DNA-based molecular cryptography systems.

A polar-switchable and controllable negative phototransistor for information encryption.

Anomalous negative phototransistors have emerged as a distinct research area, characterized by a decrease in channel current under light illumination. Recently, their potential applications have been expanded beyond photodetection. Despite the considerable attention given to negative phototransistors, negative photoconductance (NPC) in particular remains relatively unexplored, with limited research advancements as compared to well-established positive phototransistors. In this study, we designed ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) based on the WSe2/CIPS van der Waals (vdW) vertical heterostructures with a buried-gated architecture. The transistor exhibits NPC and positive photoconductance (PPC), demonstrating the significant role of ferroelectric polarization in the distinctive photoresponse. The observed inverse photoconductance can be attributed to the dynamic switching of ferroelectric polarization and interfacial charge transfer processes, which have been investigated experimentally and theoretically using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The unique phenomena enable the coexistence of controllable and polarity-switchable PPC and NPC. The novel feature holds tremendous potential for applications in optical encryption, where the specific gate voltages and light can serve as universal keys to achieve modulation of conductivity. The ability to manipulate conductivity in response to optical stimuli opens up new avenues for developing secure communication systems and data storage technologies. Harnessing this feature enables the design of advanced encryption schemes that rely on the unique properties of our material system. The study not only advances the development of NPC but also paves the way for more robust and efficient methods of optical encryption, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of critical information in various domains, including data transmission, and information security.

Advanced encryption schemes in multi-tier heterogeneous internet of things: taxonomy, capabilities, and objectives

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly becoming widespread in different areas such as healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing. IoT networks comprise many diverse entities, including smart small devices for capturing sensitive information, which may be attainable targets for malicious parties. Thus security and privacy are of utmost importance. To protect the confidentiality of data handled by IoT devices, conventional cryptographic primitives have generally been used in various IoT security solutions. While these primitives provide just an acceptable level of security, they typically neither preserve privacy nor support advanced functionalities. Also, they overly count on trusted third parties because of some limitations by design. This multidisciplinary survey paper connects the dots and explains how some advanced cryptosystems can achieve ambitious goals. We begin by describing a multi-tiered heterogeneous IoT architecture that supports the cloud, edge, fog, and blockchain technologies and assumptions and capabilities for each layer. We then elucidate advanced encryption primitives, namely wildcarded, break-glass, proxy re-encryption, and registration-based encryption schemes, as well as IoT-friendly cryptographic accumulators. Our paper illustrates how they can augment the features mentioned above while simultaneously satisfying the architectural IoT requirements. We provide comparison tables and diverse IoT-based use cases for each advanced cryptosystem as well as a guideline for selecting the best one in different scenarios and depict how they can be integrated.

Performance comparison between Chaos and quantum-chaos based image encryption techniques.

Today’s digital era has undertaken most of the responsibilities of public and private sectors, not only the industries or big organizations dependent on the internet but individual’s household needs also lying on it. To make the data transmission/reception confidential and secure for both internet users and internet service providers, a large number of researches have been done in this field. It has proved that cryptography is the best solution for solving this purpose. Mostly, digital images are continuously transferring on the network rather than texts. Enciphering a digital image is a much bulkier and a complex task. It has been evident from many types of research that chaotic logistic map-based equations provide a great level of randomness. Hence Chaotic logistic maps-based image encryption techniques (also called chaos techniques) were implemented to obtain highly random cipher images. On the other hand, time consumption must be as low as it can be possible to sustain real-time communication. Presently, the advanced encryption schemes based on quantum technology have enhanced efficiency and security because of having a large key-space and less time complexity along with randomness. The quantum-chaos based encryption is done by utilizing uncertainty principles of quantum mechanics on logistic maps. This paper is an effort to compare chaos and quantum chaos-based image encryption schemes. MATLAB 2016a software is used for the execution and the comparison is made based on various security attack analyses. Based on the study and experimental results, the quantum chaos techniques used for bit plane scrambling provides better results in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and trustworthy that can be adopted for highly secured image encryption.

Effect of payload security in MQTT protocol over transport and application layer

Digital revolution has made our life dependent on devices that are can be connected to the internet. Hence, making Internet of things (Iot) an inevitable part for now and years to come. The transition from normal devices to those devices that can be connected to internet, has been exponential, in contrast, the technique used by the protocols in those devices to prevent cyber-attacks and keep user data intact has not been in the same pace as that of its usage. This concerns the end user as it risks the data, allowing it to be misused. In this paper we discuss, MQTT (message queue telemetry transport) a lightweight messaging protocol, wherein the payload is acting as the driver for the data to be carried. This payload can include all sort of information, private as well as public. The paper experiments with the vulnerability of the payload when exposed to a cyber-attack, here, Man in the middle (MITM) attack when the same payload is provided with 2 different types of security. Initially at the transport layer and later at the application layer. At first a channel-based security using Transport security layer (TLS) is provided to the payload and later, an object-based security using Advanced Encryption Scheme (AES) is provided to the same payload. Both of these payload encryption technique for MQTT protocol is discussed elaborately.

A Noise-Tolerant Audio Encryption Framework Designed by the Application of S8 Symmetric Group and Chaotic Systems

The recent decade has witnessed an exponential surge of digital content, especially multimedia and its applications. The security requirements of these innovative platforms necessitate the significance of enhancing advanced encryption schemes. In this paper, a novel encryption scheme is presented for real-time audio applications. The framework of the proposed scheme is grounded on the principles of confusion and diffusion. The confusion incorporates nonlinearity by the application of Mordell elliptic curves (MEC) and a symmetric group of permutations S8. The endurance of the proposed scheme is further enriched through the application of chaotic maps. The proposed scheme is intended to cater requirements of real-time voice communications in defense applications particularly warzones. The adoption of a modular design and fusion of chaotic maps makes the algorithm viable for numerous real-time audio applications. The security can further be enriched by incorporating additional rounds and number of S-boxes in the algorithm. The security and resistance of the algorithm against various attacks are gaged through performance evaluation and security measurements. The audio encryption scheme has the ability to tolerate noise triggered by a channel or induced by an invader. The decryption was successful and the resultant output was audible for noisy data. The overall results depict that the proposed audio encryption scheme contains an excellent cryptographic forte with the minimum computational load. These characteristics allow the algorithm to be a hotspot for modern robust applications.

Compact and Cancelable Fingerprint Binary Codes Generation via One Permutation Hashing

Representing fingerprint templates in binary form can provide outstanding merits compared to the conventional minutiae-based fingerprint recognition system. The existing fixed-length fingerprint feature extraction methods either suffer from redundant feature magnitude or lack of template security. In this letter, we present a compact (128 bytes) and cancelable fingerprint binary codes generation scheme which enables accurate and efficient comparison as well as high security. This binary representation is also available for advanced encryption schemes (e.g., fuzzy commitment). Specifically, a kernel learning-based real-valued fingerprint feature is converted into compact and cancelable binary code via one permutation hashing. A partial Haar transform is deployed to further strengthen the irreversibility of the whole system. Experimental results on six benchmark datasets FVC2002 and FVC2004 coupled with security analysis demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared with several state-of-the-arts.

An Attempt to Design Improved and Fool Proof Safe Distribution of Personal Healthcare Records for Cloud Computing

In the recent gears applications such as personal health care are broadly made use by the diseased individuals for preserving and organizing their medical information over a private, secure and trustful computing. They make use of the service providers as third party environment for interchanging the medical records of the diseased individuals. The cloud computing permits effective management and circulation of private and personal medical related records which always faces challenges in terms of various safety associated characteristics like discovery and existence of vulnerable medical data by the illegal users. To provide safety and confidentiality it is mandatory to accomplish the data before contracting out and only the authorised users are allowed to make use of the data. Hiding the information of the users are important during gaining access to the data present over the network. Moreover for reducing the setbacks in safeguarding the key of the data containers the personal health records are classified into several associated fields. For wrapping the information of the user’s unsigned verification based on the element based encoding (EBE) is employed and fine grained data access control based on the advanced encryption scheme are tailored. The comprehension provides an advanced level of security and confidentiality for the personal health records. The scheme permits autonomous alterations of the admission policies or file entities along with the autonomous user cessation. Additional analyses and evaluations reveals that the designed scheme is effective in terms of safety and secrecy.

Mitigating eavesdropping by using fuzzy based MDPOP-Q learning approach and multilevel Stackelberg game theoretic approach in wireless CRN

The secrecy rate of physical layer security in the presence of eavesdropper of a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) via multilevel Stackelberg Game is enhanced. Primary propagator rents its own licensed spectrum to the secondary propagator for remuneration. The secondary dispatcher is considered as trusted relays to send the messages in decipher and promote fashion. The secondary propagator uses its partial power to transmit the jamming signal along with the information signal and also charges will be claimed by the jammer for their service. A Stackelberg game is formulated for this topic; the leader and followers are jammer and dispatcher. An advanced encryption scheme is proposed to increase the effective security level while accessing the primary spectrum under eavesdropper scenario. The proposed methodology results in the secrecy rate maximization and the power consumption is minimized. Besides the power strategy, the eavesdropping is a major concern, where the outcomes of the transmission make the best effort strategy in CRN and this optimization is highlighted with a mathematical approach of fuzzy based Markov Decision Process outcome prediction (MDPOP)-Q learning algorithm to eradicate the eavesdropping occurrence in CRN with an optimal solution.

Identity-based re-encryption scheme with lightweight re-encryption key generation

Cryptographic proxy re-encryption is a very useful primitive which is capable of transforming a ciphertext under one public key PK1 into a new ciphertext under another public key PK2 without private information leakage, while the two ciphertexts are encryptions of the same message. Re-encryption schemes at first are constructed under the public-key encryption (PKE) scenario. While it is a powerful primitive naturally required in not only PKE but also other scenarios, various extensions from PKE to other advanced encryption schemes like identity-based encryption (IBE), attribute-based encryption (ABE) as well as functional encryption (FE) are needed as well. In this work we have concentrated on how to reduce the workloads in the user/client side at large. To this end, we have put forth a novel identity-based proxy re-encryption (IBPRE) scheme with the feature that the re-encryption key gen­eration for the users is highly lightweight - actually almost free. Although this will lead to possibly extra decryption workload due to the utilization of homomorphic encryption, it is the first scheme realizing such almost free RK generation. In addition, it can also avoid some other shortcomings like re-encryption key management.

Hybrid Cryptography Algorithm with Precomputation for Advanced Metering Infrastructure Networks

Two-way communication has been identified as the smart grid flagship feature that enables the smart grid to attain its outcomes over the legacy power grid. Integrating communication networks into the power grid will motivate malicious attackers to target information exchange. Therefore, achieving secure and authentic communication in the smart grid networks is an indispensable requirement. In this paper, we propose a sophisticated hybrid encryption scheme that incorporates public and symmetric key encryptions to secure smart metering network. Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES) and Advanced Encryption Scheme (AES) are chosen as the building blocks for the proposed scheme. In order to optimize the computation overhead of ECIES, a precomputation procedure is presented to provide faster encryption/decryption. The proposed technique provides data integrity, confidentiality and authenticity as well as it resists against false data injection and message reply attacks. Simulation results show that the proposed approach surpasses some of the existing schemes in terms of computation, communication and storage overhead.

Supporting Symmetric 128-bit AES in Networked Embedded Systems: An Elliptic Curve Key Establishment Protocol-on-Chip

The secure establishment of cryptographic keys for symmetric encryption via key agreement protocols enables nodes in a network of embedded systems and remote agents to communicate securely in an insecure environment. In this paper, we propose a pure hardware implementation of a key agreement protocol, which uses the elliptic curve Diffie-Hellmann and digital signature algorithms and enables two parties, a remote agent and a networked embedded system, to establish a 128-bit symmetric key for encryption of all transmitted data via the advanced encryption scheme (AES). The resulting implementation is a protocol-on-chip that supports full 128-bit equivalent security (PoC-128). The PoC-128 has been implemented in an FPGA, but it can also be used as an IP within different embedded applications. As 128-bit security is conjectured valid for the foreseeable future, the PoC-128 goes well beyond the state of art in securing networked embedded devices.