Advanced Arguments Research Articles

Analysis of Neutral Implicit Stochastic Hilfer Fractional Differential Equation Involving Lévy Noise with Retarded and Advanced Arguments

This paper investigates the qualitative properties of the solutions for neutral implicit stochastic Hilfer fractional differential equations involving Lévy noise with retarded and advanced arguments. The existence property of the solution of the aforementioned equation is demonstrated by the Mónch condition, and the uniqueness is demonstrated by the remarkable fixed point of Banach. In addition, we examine the Hyers–Ulam (HU) stability of the presented mathematical models. To substantiate our theoretical conclusions, a real-world example is included to illustrate their practical application.

Existence and bounds for Kneser-type solutions to noncanonical third-order neutral differential equations

This article focuses on the existence and asymptotic behavior of Kneser-type solutions to third-order noncanonical differential equations with a delay or advanced argument in the neutral term $$ \Big(r_2(t)\big(r_1(t)z'(t)\big)'\Big)'+g(t)x(t)=0, $$ where \( z(t)=x(t)+p(t)x(\tau(t))\). This equation is transformed into a canonical equation, which reduces the number of classes of positive solutions from 4 to 2. This is done without assuming extra conditions, and greatly simplifies the process of obtaining conditions for the existence of Kneser-type solutions. Also we obtain lower and upper bounds for these solutions, and obtain their rate of convergence to zero. Two examples are provided to illustrate our main results, one with a delay neutral term, and one with an advanced neutral term. For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2024/55/abstr.html

New Monotonic Properties for Solutions of Odd-Order Advanced Nonlinear Differential Equations

The present paper studies the asymptotic and oscillatory properties of solutions of odd-order differential equations with advanced arguments and in a noncanonical case. By providing new and effective relationships between the corresponding function and the solution, we present strict and new criteria for testing whether the studied equation exhibits oscillatory behavior or converges to zero. Our results contribute uniquely to oscillation theory by presenting some theorems that improve and expand upon the results found in the existing literature. We also provide an example to corroborate the validity of our proposed criteria.

Kneser-type oscillation theorems for second-order functional differential equations with unbounded neutral coefficients

Abstract In this paper, we initiate the study of asymptotic and oscillatory properties of solutions to second-order functional differential equations with noncanonical operators and unbounded neutral coefficients, using a recent method of iteratively improved monotonicity properties of nonoscillatory solutions. Our results rely on ideas that essentially improve standard techniques for the investigation of differential equations with unbounded neutral terms with delay or advanced argument. The core of the method is presented in a form that suggests further generalizations for higher-order differential equations with unbounded neutral coefficients.

Freedom of speech, news and the classical republican tradition in seventeenth-century England

Abstract This article examines how printed newsbooks shaped conceptions of freedom of speech and the classical republican tradition in Britain. After exploring the persistent concern of parliamentary and then royalist newsbooks to provide true information to the public, the article considers how newsbooks increasingly condemned press control and state secrecy as tyrannical. Its final sections explore the contributions of Marchamont Nedham and examine how John Streater significantly advanced arguments for free speech as a foundational liberty for the free state, developing earlier claims in newsbooks. The article suggests that the invention of printed news encouraged more populist strands of classical republicanism.

Patriarchy in Southern Africa and war in West Africa: Twin impediments to sustainable social development in Africa

<p>Close to 4 decades post the publishing of the Brundtland Report, a global blueprint that emphasised on multilateralism and interdependence of nations as the basis for a tenable sustainable development, gender inequalities and untenable development persist in Africa. There is need to continuously redefine the pathways for eliminating poverty and gender inequalities, as the basis for sustainability. A better understanding of the causes of gender inequality, as well as an acknowledgement of the fact that gender equality and sustainable development are inseparable is also imperative. This review study, through a desk review of available literature, explored three central issues; why gender inequality and sustainable development must be addressed together in everyday theory and practice, how patriarchy and war cause gender inequalities and untenable sustainability in Africa and how these twin pandemics must be confronted to ensure achievement of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) and their 86 targets, drawing from case studies of Southern and West Africa. Focusing on a number of social determinants of well-being, including good health for all, sexual and reproductive health services, education for all, quality of employment, gender rights and basic requirements such as food and portable water, the review study argues that development efforts in Africa have proved gender unequal and thus unsustainable. The review study advanced arguments for a holistic view to sustainable social development, contending that market focused indicators of development that disregard social determinants of well-being misrepresent reality. Market focused neo-liberal patterns of growth neglect human needs and compound poverty and under-growth. On the other hand, integrating a people centred approach to growth helps understand the connections, ruptures and trade-offs between dimensions of gender equality and sustainability in a way that facilitates holistic growth.<strong></strong></p>

Property (A) and Oscillation of Higher-Order Trinomial Differential Equations with Retarded and Advanced Arguments

In this paper, a new effective technique for the investigation of the higher-order trinomial differential equations y(n)(t)+p(t)y(τ(t))+q(t)y(σ(t))=0 is established. We offer new criteria for so-called property (A) and oscillation of the considered equation. Examples are provided to illustrate the importance of our results.

Race, Data, and Classics

summary: The focus of this article is a 2019–2020 demographic data collection, visualization, and analysis project on race and Classics. Based on the findings of the project, this article advances arguments in favor of regular, frequent, and well-publicized demographic data gathering and visualization as practices crucial for effective, research-driven diversity and inclusion efforts in Classics. By fueling and bolstering these efforts, such practices have the potential to expand and reshape the boundaries of Classics as a discipline.

Computational methods for singularly perturbed differential equations with advanced argument of convection-diffusion type

<p>This study investigates singularly perturbed differential equations through advanced convection-diffusion techniques. We employ a finite difference approach utilizing a piecewise uniform Shishkin-type mesh to tackle this problem. Our analysis demonstrates that the approach achieves virtually first-order convergence. Error estimates are computed using discrete norms, and numerical experiments are conducted to validate these theoretical results.</p>

Three Hypotheses About America: Helper, Lincoln, Douglass, and King

This essay advances arguments and evidence for three hypotheses about America. First, that slavery was a burden to the South, and the nation, and that it degraded what it affected. Second, that, in the main, the Fathers of this nation meant it when they recognized slavery as a moral evil. And third, that the greatest American after Abraham Lincoln in effecting legal and attitudinal change in America for the betterment of relations between the races built his strategies for reform upon the Founders’ vision, and depended on its truth to achieve his successes. To support the hypothesis that slavery was a burden, the essay recalls the arguments of a white citizen of the slave state of North Carolina, Hinton Rowan Helper. To support the hypothesis that the Founders, in the main, meant it when they condemned slavery as a moral evil, it engages the arguments of a white man of the free West, Abraham Lincoln, and those of an escaped slave, Frederick Douglass. To support the hypothesis that the understandings of the American Founding provided the fundamental guide for the way forward, it invokes the arguments and actions of a black resident of the Jim Crow South, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Two white men, two black men, four Americans to support three hypotheses about America.

Existence theory and stability analysis of neutral $ \psi $–Hilfer fractional stochastic differential system with fractional noises and non-instantaneous impulses

<abstract><p>In this article, with the help of Laplace transform, the existence of solution was established in a finite dimensional setting for nonlinear $ \psi $-Hilfer fractional stochastic equation with both retarded and advanced arguments driven by multiplicative and fractional noises, with Hurst index $ H \in (\frac{1}{2}, 1) $. At first, we obtained the existence and uniqueness results by using the Banach fixed point theorem (FPT). Second, the existence result was also obtained by applying Schaefer's fixed point theorem with less conservative conditions. Furthermore, we investigated the Hyers Ulam Rasisas stability for the aforementioned system. At the end, an example was illustrated to validate the obtained theoretical results.</p></abstract>

LGBT+ rights claims for marriage equality and the possibilities of transforming Indian family law

Abstract The Indian Supreme Court decriminalized homosexuality in 2018 and recognized the equal constitutional citizenship of LGBT+ Indians. Since then, several petitions seeking marriage equality have been filed before Indian courts. In parallel, critics have argued that traditional approaches to LGBT+ equality ignore problematic family law institutions, and have stressed the need to think beyond legal inclusion to recognize diverse families. These arguments are not unique to India. Claiming LGBT+ rights within existing family law institutions has divided LGBT+ activists the world over. The commonly advanced argument is that assimilation into existing patriarchal social institutions disregards radical transformational possibilities. However, experiences in jurisdictions like the United States challenge this premise and show how family law can potentially be transformed through LGBT+ rights claims. While we still await an authoritative judicial pronouncement on marriage equality in India, this article argues that legally recognizing marriage equality may positively impact existing family laws by generating arguments for expanding recognition of diverse families. It shows that achieving marriage equality through the recognition of LGBT+ relational rights, comprising LGBT+ family equality and the right to legal recognition of LGBT+ relationships, has the potential for progressively expanding Indian parenthood laws. The article specifically demonstrates how this is possible in guardianship, assisted reproduction, and adoption laws and may benefit diverse different-sex families, single parents, and persons in non-marital relationships.

Oscillation of Third-Order Differential Equations with Advanced Arguments

The main objective of this work was to study some oscillatory and asymptotic properties of a new class of advanced neutral differential equations. Using new relations to link the solution and its corresponding function, we introduced new oscillatory criteria that aim to enhance, simplify, and complement some of current results. We provide some examples to demonstrate the significance of our results.

THE “ALLEGORY OF MUSIC” BY FILIPPINO LIPPI. GENEALOGY OF IMAGE

The female image presented in the small painting “Allegory of Music” by Filippino Lippi (Gemaeldegalerie, Berlin) is most likely associated with the plot of a theatrical performance played out in 1475 in Pesaro on the occasion of the wedding of Costanzo Sforza and Camilla of Aragon. Th e similarity of the attributes of the heroine with the attributes of the muse Erato, who greeted the newlyweds, was pointed out by A. Warburg, who placed two images, the Filippino board and an illustration from the Vatican manuscript containing the text of the wedding performance, next to each other in his “Mnemosine Atlas”. It is impossible to substantiate this version with documents, but the Florentine artist, who nominally interprets the plot differently from the anonymous northern Italian miniatur-ist, could be familiar with the description of the celebration, known not only from illustrated lists, but also from printed brochures. Th e origins of the “Allegory of Music” are traditionally traced to a wedding commission — on the occasion of the marriage of Giovanni Vespucci and Namicina Nerli in 1500 — which also included paired spalliers depicting “History of Lucretia” and “History of Virginia” by San-dro Botticelli and a panel by Piero di Cosimo displaying bacchanalia. Th e present article advances arguments in favor of this version, building on other episodes of cooperation between Botticelli and Filippino Lippi, both between the two of them and with the two intermarried Florentine families. Th e painting in question contains elements that may indicate its connection with the wedding ritual. It is impossible to establish how all the listed panels were arranged in the interior. How-ever, on the whole, this alleged ensemble, designed in the all’antica style, could be thought of as a glorification of sublime and chaste love. Th e theme, traditional for the decoration of the matrimonial bedroom, is eleborated simultaneously in brutal scenes from Roman history, which in Florentine artistic culture were laden with explicit republican connotations, as well as in small-scale mythological “poetry”, that soft ens political accents and, moreover, can be associated with a magnificent princely wedding, glorifying the nobility of the newlyweds.

Chimeras-States in the Distributed Systems in the Case of Multi-Valued Solutions. To the Statement of Possible Research Problems

Nonlinear science has about a hundred years of rapid development. One of the new directions is the study of chimera solutions, i.e. solutions that exhibit significantly different solution behaviour in different regions of space or time. Just a few examples of such behavior have been studied in different systems. However, all examples of chimeras have been single-valued solutions. Recently, however, many nonlinear models of physical and social phenomena have multivalued solutions. It is conceivable that one of the possible directions for further research in chimera science is to allow multivalued solutions to be considered. The paper is devoted to describing some possible research settings in this area. Some modifications of existing models are also proposed. The interesting class of such objects is the models with strong anticipation (models with advanced arguments). Furthermore, some problems of computational theory and mind with such models are discussed.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Layered Ni+1/+2 Oxides Obtained by Topotactic Oxygen Release on Nd2−xSrxNiO4−δ Single Crystals

Layered nickelate oxides containing Ni1+/Ni2+ are isoelectronic to Cu2+/Cu3+ compounds and of present interest with respect to recent findings of superconductivity in a series of different compositions. It is thereby questionable why superconductivity is still rare to find in nickelates, compared to the much larger amount of superconducting cuprates. Anisotropic dz2 vs. dx2−y2 orbital occupation as well as interface-induced superconductivity are two of the main advanced arguments. We are here interested in investigating the feasibility of synthesizing layered nickelate-type oxides, where the Ni1+/Ni2+ ratio can be tuned by oxygen and/or cation doping. Our strategy is to synthesize Sr-doped n = 1 Ruddlesden–Popper type Nd2−xSrxNiO4+δ single crystals, which are then reduced by H2 gas, forming Nd2−xSrxNiO4−δ via a topotactic oxygen release at moderate temperatures. We report here on structural studies carried out on single crystals by laboratory and synchrotron diffraction using pixel detectors. We evidence the general possibility to obtain reduced single crystals despite their increased orthorhombicity. This must be regarded as a milestone to obtain single crystalline nickelate oxides, which further on contain charge-ordering of Ni1+/Ni2+, opening the access towards anisotropic properties.

Gereksiz ve Anlamsız Kötülüklere Bir Açıklama Olarak İvaz Teorisi

The evidential arguments from evil present some of the most compelling challenges to theism. Among these arguments, the ones centered around gratuitous and pointless evils are particularly significant. Edward H. Madden and Peter Hare formulated an argument on gratuitous evil, while William Rowe advanced arguments on pointless evil. Although Madden and Hare proposed their argument in the sixties and Rowe in the seventies, there is a theory within Islamic thought that can shed light on the concept of gratuitous and pointless evil. The theory I propose to elucidate these types of evil is the theory of ivaz (compensation). In this article, I will delve into how the theory of ivaz can explain gratuitous and pointless evils.

Square waves and Bykov T-points in a delay algebraic model for the Kerr-Gires-Tournois interferometer.

We study theoretically the mechanisms of square wave formation of a vertically emitting micro-cavity operated in the Gires-Tournois regime that contains a Kerr medium and that is subjected to strong time-delayed optical feedback and detuned optical injection. We show that in the limit of large delay, square wave solutions of the time-delayed system can be treated as relative homoclinic solutions of an equation with an advanced argument. Based on this, we use concepts of classical homoclinic bifurcation theory to study different types of square wave solutions. In particular, we unveil the mechanisms behind the collapsed snaking scenario of square waves and explain the formation of complex-shaped multistable square wave solutions through a Bykov T-point. Finally, we relate the position of the T-point to the position of the Maxwell point in the original time-delayed system.

Analysis of Neutral Stochastic Fractional Differential Equations Involving Riemann–Liouville Fractional Derivative with Retarded and Advanced Arguments

Analysis of Neutral Stochastic Fractional Differential Equations Involving Riemann–Liouville Fractional Derivative with Retarded and Advanced Arguments

Political and socioeconomic factors that shaped health taxes implementation in Peru

BackgroundIn 2016 and 2018, the Peruvian Ministry of Economy and Finance (MoEF) significantly reformulated taxes on tobacco products, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). During these processes, different actors advanced arguments...