Adult Outcomes Of Children Research Articles

Adult Outcomes of Children With Reactive Attachment Disorder in a Non-Institutionalized Sample.

Adult Outcomes of Children With Reactive Attachment Disorder in a Non-Institutionalized Sample.

Adult outcomes for children who sustained firearm-related spinal cord injuries

Objective To describe the adult functional, participation, education, employment, and quality of life outcomes of children who incurred spinal cord injury (SCI) as the result of gun injuries vs. non-violent etiologies, as well as their utilization of health services. Design Retrospective-cohort study. Eligibility criteria were current age at least 18 years, at least 5 years after SCI, and injury prior to 19 years of age. After enrolling the gun injury group, we matched individuals with non-violent etiologies from the Midwest Regional SCI Model System database to the gun injury group’s demographic characteristics. Adult outcomes included education level, employment, income, involvement with the criminal justice system, quality of life indicators using PROMIS and SCI-QOL item banks, and utilization of health services. Participants Twenty-six participants with gun injury SCI matched with 19 participants with non-violent etiologies. Results Average age at injury was 15 years and current age was 44 years for both cohorts. Individuals from racial minority groups were over-represented in the gun injury cohort. The gun-injury cohort had lower educational attainment. Though employment rates were similar, the gun injury group had a lower income level. Both groups endorsed high average levels of function and quality of life on the PROMIS and SCI-QOL short forms. Conclusions SCI etiology reflects racial characteristics of the sample and is associated with subsequent educational attainment and income. Rehabilitation planning should consider gun injury etiology in children not as a characteristic that determines a poor outcome, but as a risk factor for reduced educational attainment and lifetime income.

Time, money, and entry into parenthood: The role of (grand)parental support.

ObjectiveThe study's objective is to understand how parental propensities to provide support, as predicted by parental characteristics, shape adult daughters' and sons' entry into parenthood in the United States.BackgroundMuch research explores the influence of parental support on adult children's fertility, but the evidence is mixed and primarily focuses on European contexts. Theoretical approaches suggest that to best understand how parental support shapes adult children's outcomes, it is important to account for different forms of parental support, that is, time and money, and variation in parental characteristics.MethodThis study combined different data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics: the 2013 Roster and Family Transfers module, main interview data file, and the Childbirth and Adoption History File. We implemented a two‐step analysis strategy. In the first, we built two different measures of propensities to receive parental support (PPS) in the form of time and money. In the second, we used discrete‐time logistic regression models to analyze the effects of these propensities to receive parental support on adult daughters' and sons' fertility.ResultsWe find a positive and consistent effect of all types of PPS measures on adult daughters', but not adult sons', likelihood of entry into parenthood. The fertility decisions of adult daughters are highly responsive to the prospect of receiving parental support in the form of time or money.ConclusionsOur results reflect the importance of informal support for women's entry into parenthood and highlight gender differences in the perceived and actual costs of becoming parents.

Adult Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With EBD

Little is known about the adult outcomes for children with an emotional/behavioral disorder (EBD). The present study examines the perspectives of 34 parents regarding the adult outcomes for their children who experienced emotional and behavioral problems in their youth. Participants completed an online survey containing questions about their child’s behavioral characteristics, educational experiences, and adjustment to adulthood as well as questions about the stress they experienced as a parent of a child with EBD. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were used to assess parents’ perceptions of factors affecting their child’s successful or unsuccessful adult outcomes. Remaining in school was related to positive adult outcomes, while exclusionary disciplinary experiences such as suspension and expulsion were related to negative adult outcomes. The relationship of results to the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act’s goals for adult functioning and implications for both parents and practitioners serving students with EBD are discussed.

Adult Outcomes of Childhood Dysregulation: A 14-year Follow-up Study

Using a general population sample, the adult outcomes of children who presented with severe problems with self-regulation defined as being concurrently rated highly on attention problems, aggressive behavior, and anxious-depression on the Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP) were examined. Two thousand seventy-six children from 13 birth cohorts 4 to 16 years of age were drawn from Dutch birth registries in 1983. CBCLs were completed by parents at baseline when children from the different cohorts were 4 to 16 years of age and sampled every 2 years for the next 14 years. At year 14 the CBCL and DSM interview data were collected. Logistic regression was used to compare and contrast outcomes for children with and without dysregulation, as measured by the latent-class-defined CBCL-DP. Sex and age were covaried and concurrent DSM diagnoses were included in regression models. Presence of childhood CBCL-DP at wave 1 was associated with increased rates of adult anxiety disorders, mood disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, and drug abuse 14 years later. After controlling for co-occurring disorders in adulthood, associations with anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders with the CBCL-DP remained, whereas the others were not significant. A child reported to be in the CBCL-DP class is at increased risk for problems with regulating affect, behavior, and cognition in adulthood.

The impact of parental homeownership on children's outcomes during early adulthood

Whether children benefit from being raised in a home owned by their parents has important policy implications and has been the topic of much scholarly debate. We match Panel Study of Income Dynamics data with census tract data to examine the impact of childhood experiences on adult outcomes for children followed over three decades. This allows us to document a wide range of characteristics. For children born between 1968 and 1974, we analyze data on their first 18 years and also various outcomes when they are between 25 and 31 in 1999. We control for a comprehensive set of observable parental characteristics and develop a method to control for unobservable child characteristics together with an instrumental variable for the remaining selection problems. Parental homeownership status and children's college education and home‐ownership status are closely related, although the former is generated partially by the greater residential stability associated with homeownership.

Young Adult Outcomes of Children with Hyperactivity: Leisure, financial, and social activities

This study reports on the leisure time, financial, gambling, and social activities of a large sample of children with hyperactivity (H group, N = 149) and children who served as a control group (CC group, N = 72) from the Southeastern Wisconsin (Milwaukee) region tracked for 13–15 years to young adulthood (ages 19–25, M = 20 years). Participant interviews were used to gather information on the amount of time they spent in various leisure activities, the amount of their monthly earnings and the proportion they spent on various expenses, and their gambling activities and amounts they expended in those activities. The results revealed that the H group spent significantly more hours engaged in watching television, listening to music, socialising on the telephone, and engaging in their hobbies relative to the control group. While the H group at this early stage of adulthood was earning more monthly income, no differences were found in the proportion of that income being spent on various categories of monthly expenditures except that the CC group paid a larger percentage of their income to credit card bills. This difference probably stems from more of the CC group having credit cards than the H group. Few group differences emerged in the specific kinds of gambling activities examined. Few group differences were evident in the closeness of family relationships as children, or currently, or in the number of social or dating relationships they enjoyed in high school or currently. The H group, however, had a lower quality of current dating relationships, fewer current close friends, more trouble keeping friends, and were more likely to argue with friends than those in the CC group. Findings also revealed that more of the H group had experienced going without food or shelter (homelessness) due to a lack of money since leaving high school, intimating that a subset of the H group may be having greater problems with adult self‐sufficiency than those in the CC group.

AMATO, Paul R. and Alan BOOTH, A GENERATION ATRISK: GROWING UP IN AN ERA OF FAMILY UPHEAVAL

AMATO, Paul R. and Alan BOOTH, AGENERATIONAT RISK: GROWING UPINAN ERA OF FAMILY UPHEAVAL. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000, 319 pp., $18.95 softcover. A Generation at Risk provides a thorough examination of how recent changes in American family experiences have influenced children's adult outcomes. As the authors document, family life has changed in numerous ways over the last few decades. Amato and Booth seek to understand how adult children's outcomes and characteristics are affected by some of these sociological changes. The authors research the effects of variables reflecting changes in the socioeconomic conditions, gender relations, and family structure and marital quality. The aim of their research is to document the significant associations between adult children's well-being and the characteristics of their family that reflect the recent social changes. To achieve this goal, Amato and Booth use data from the Study of Marital Instability Over the Life Course and linear and logistic regression techniques to model these associations. A contribution of the present research is their focus on adult children. Whereas most research on the effects of family background characteristics has focused on young children and teenagers, Amato and Booth look at the effects of the three categories of family change on adult children's characteristics. They research five categories of adult children's outcomes - their relationship with their parents, romantic relationships, their social integration, socioeconomic attainment, and psychological well-being. Theoretically, Amato and Booth draw upon the life course perspective to better understand how family characteristics affect youth as they transition to adulthood. With the life course perspective, the authors are sensitive to both the ages of the children when they experience various family behaviors and to the historical context of that experience. To better understand the processes by which family characteristics influence these adult outcomes, the authors turn to a mediation model. Parental support and parental control are tested as mediating factors for the family's socioeconomic, gender relations, family structure and marital happiness in influencing the children. The data source for this research is rich with information about the adult child's family of origin. Besides the standard information available in other data sets, this study also has rarely collected information on the gender division of housework and childcare, gender attitudes, marital happiness and interaction, marital conflict, and divorce proneness. …

Psychiatric Status of Hyperactive Boys as Adults

Little is know about the adult outcome of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This study followed 85 Caucasian boys with ADHD from a mean age of 7 to 24 and compared them with 73 controls. The boys in this study had …

Long-Term Outcome in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This article reviews the value and limitations of longitudinal research in child and adolescent psychiatry and how various methodologic problems may account for the variability in different outcome studies. The adolescent and adult outcome of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is explored via comprehensive reviews of various follow-up studies. In adolescence, about 70% of subjects still have ADHD and significant academic, social, and emotional problems. Children who also have aggression or conduct disorder generally have more negative outcome, and stimulant treatment does not appear to significantly affect this outcome.

The adult outcomes of children with learning disabilities

The results of four follow-up studies of learning-disabled children are reviewed. A comparison of results among the studies and of analyses of individual variation within the studies suggest some factors associated with long-term outcomes. It is argued that in many cases learning disabilities are not a lifelong handicapping condition, especially if adequate treatment is provided during childhood.