Adult Inmates Research Articles

Variables related to communicative disorders in an adult prison sample

Speech, language, and hearing assessment data were correlated with fourteen independent variables for fifty-six incoming adult prison inmates. Descriptive data supported the elevated prevalence of all categories of communicative disorders, with the exception of stuttering. Significant results were reported on correlational analysis of language processing subtests and the independent variables of I.Q., chronological age, years of education, and number of siblings. However, no significant correlations were found between these independent variables and the results of articulation, language production, voice, or hearing assessments. Theoretical, clinical, and future research implications are discussed.

Religiosity and Institutional Deviance: The impact of Religious Variables upon Inmate Adjustment

A number of studies in recent years have examined the extent to which religious commitment is related to deviance. Generally, this literature indicates that religiosity is inversely related to various forms of deviance. The present research attempts to determine if religiosity is also inversely related to various forms of deviance within the prison setting. The study examines three distinct measures of religiosity associated with adult prison inmates in Florida. Unlike most prior research, the findings indicate that measures of religiosity are not related to deviance in the institutional setting. Explanations and implications of the findings are offered.

Saliva testosterone and criminal violence in young adult prison inmates.

Free testosterone was measured in the saliva of 89 male prison inmates. Inmates with higher testosterone concentrations had more often been convicted of violent crimes. The relationship was most striking at the extremes of the testosterone distribution, where 9 out of 11 inmates with the lowest testosterone concentrations had committed nonviolent crimes, and 10 out of 11 inmates with the highest testosterone concentrations had committed violent crimes. Among the inmates convicted of nonviolent crimes, those higher in testosterone received longer times to serve before parole and longer punishments for disciplinary infractions in prison. In the housing unit where peer ratings were most reliable, inmates rated as tougher by their peers were higher in testosterone.

Leukopenia and Anergy as Predictors of AIDS-Reply

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Cohen and associates, in their accompanying letter, have collected WBC counts on more than 11,000 adult inmates of a division of the New York City jail and determined that approximately 2.5% were leukopenic. This is certainly consistent with our historical data.¹They have also determined that less than 10% of those who were leukopenic were also anergic. All 22 anergic inmates had a history of parenteral drug abuse. No data on human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) antibody appear to be available. Leukopenia, per se, does not seem to be predictive of anergy or other prodromal signs and symptoms associated with AIDS. The development of testing procedures for HTLV-III antibody permits identification of those who have been exposed to the virus associated with AIDS, of whom only a portion are either prodromal or overtly ill.²Antibodies against HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and HTLV-III are prevalent among intravenous

Demographic profile of offenders in long-term disciplinary segregation

This paper seeks to identify inmate demographic characteristics which may help to classify troublemaking offenders. Data were obtained from the Georgia Department of Offender Rehabilitation for all adult male inmates completing the diagnostic process between 1971–1978 (n=19,363). For purposes of analysis, this population was then dichotomized into those inmates who had required longterm disciplinary segregation and those who had not. Analysis of these data revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups on numerous demographic variables including sentence length, crime type, selfreported education, and prior living arrangement.

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B in Tennessee prisoners.

A prevalence serosurvey was performed on an 11.7% sample of the 6,503 adult male inmates in Tennessee prisons. On the basis of the sample, 0.9% of the prisoners possessed hepatitis B surface antigen, and 29.5% had one or more serum markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Thirty-two possible risk factors were analyzed for association with possession of HBV serum markers. The significant risk factors for possession of HBV markers in this population were found to be age, intravenous drug use while not incarcerated, intravenous drug use while incarcerated, race, education, military service history, and duration of prior and current imprisonments, in that order of importance. Given the modest contribution of incarceration to overall risk, mass immunization of prisoners against HBV seems unwarranted. Prisoners with unusually long sentences or who use intravenous drugs in prison are subgroups at particularly high risk. The logistic model can be used to target a serological screening and immunization program.

Differentiating violent and nonviolent prison inmates by use of selected MMPI scales

Used multivariate procedures to determine whether prisoners who committed violent acts while in prison could be differentiated from those who did not. Ss were 141 adult male inmates in maximum security prisons. Multiple variable profile analysis that employed 22 MMPI scales and four demographic items significantly differentiated between violet and nonviolent inmates. Discriminant analysis that used all 26 variables yielded a significant root that accounted for 34.9% of the variance between violent and nonviolent inmates. The MMPI scales that contributed most to prediction of group membership were F, PA, PT, and SC, all of which had discriminant load values above .40. Finally, a discriminant function prediction equation was derived to predict the criterion variable (violent or nonviolent behavior). Applying this equation without knowledge of the S's actual group membership correctly classified 72.9% of the violent and 80.6% of the nonviolent inmates.

Drug-use history and experience seeking among adult male correctional inmates.

Drug-use history and experience seeking among adult male correctional inmates.

Autonomic Reactions To Stress

Among a relatively large sample of male, young adult prison inmates, four different therapy analogues, along with placebo and untreated controls, were compared as to their effects in reducing stress induced autonomic reactions. The only effective "treatment" proved to be one involving self-concept/ self-esteem enhancement. The results are discussed in relation to "the prison syndrome" and its relationship to postrelease adjustment.

Drug-use history and experience seeking among adult male correctional inmates.

Drug-use history and experience seeking among adult male correctional inmates.

Saliva‐based colorimetric test as an index of gingival inflammation in epidemiologic studies

There is a pressing need for a reliable, low-cost method of assessing the gingival and periodontal status of large population groups. Existing indexes, despite their value in dental public health, are still too subject to examiner variability for use by uncalibrated examiners. This study describes an evaluation of a quick, inexpensive, extraoral colorimetric test for gingival inflammation, based on a reaction between saliva and the test material. It could probably be applied by non-professional personnel. In this study, the test was applied to a population of elementary schoolchildren, dental hygiene students and faculty, and adult inmates of two correctional institutions. These populations were chosen on the assumption that they would exhibit varying intensities of gingival inflammation. Values obtained from the colorimetric test carried out by one researcher were compared with Gingival Index (GI) scores observed by a different examiner. Results suggest that the colorimetric test may be a valid, reliable means of detecting major differences in the prevalence of gingival inflammation in most adult populations, although having little, if any, useful application among children at the mixed dentition stage.

Race Factors in Responses to Interpersonal Stress Among Young Adult Offenders

Previous research has shown that young adult prison inmates display an anxious, acquiescent, depressive-like reaction pattern under conditions of interpersonal stress. The present study evaluated racial factors in this area and found that, relative to white prisoners, black inmates manifest more frequent acquiescence, fewer reports of anger, and generally higher autonomic reactivity. The results are discussed in terms of offender rehabilitation and special problems faced by black prisoners.

Relationship of inmate educational levels to citizen educational levels

This study compares the educational levels of adult felony inmates over the age of 20 with the educational levels of citizens over 20. It was found that the average inmate comes from lower educational levels than does the average citizen.

A QUASI‐EXPERIMENTAL RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF A PRISON POLICY CHANGE1

Interrupted time-series design and quasi-experimental logic were employed to assess the behavioral effects of a prison disciplinary intervention on a population of approximately 2000 adult male inmates. The uncontrolled nature of the prison environment prevented experimental analysis of intervention effects. The quasi-experimental methodology applied in this study exemplifies how data, otherwise lost, can be retrieved. In addition, the process by which qualified conclusions can be drawn from the retrieved data is demonstrated.

Use of TA with Adult Male Prison Inmates: An Evaluation

Use of TA with Adult Male Prison Inmates: An Evaluation