Adult Characters Research Articles

A new species of Acantholyda (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) from Lebanon, associated with Cedrus libani (Pinaceae)

Acantholyda nemeri sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) is described from adults of both sexes from Lebanon. Its host plant is probably Cedrus libani, the cedar of Lebanon (Pinaceae). The new species shows a combination of adult characters that makes placing it in one of the two widely-recognised subgenera of Acantholyda problematic. Acantholyda nemeri is only the fourth sawfly species associated with Cedrus as a larval host and, together with Cephalcia tannourinensis Chevin, 2002 (Pamphiliidae), the second from C. libani. A key to adults of Acantholyda Costa, 1894 species of the Western Palaearctic is provided.

Establishment of a new subfamily for the parasitic isopod genus Pleurocryptella (Isopoda: Bopyridae), including recognition of epicaridium larval yolk sacs and description of a new genus and species of hyperparasite

Abstract External yolk sacs in free-living larvae of marine invertebrates are extremely rare, with all reported cases exhibiting yolk that is taken up through connection with the anterior alimentary canal. Herein, we confirm a novel yolk sac connected to the posterior end of the alimentary canal in the first larval stage of species in the bopyrid isopod genus PleurocryptellaBonnier, 1900, all known as ectoparasites in the branchial chambers of squat lobsters. Pleurocryptella poseidon Williams & Boyko sp. nov. infesting the munidopsid Galacantha bellis Henderson, 1885 in the Arabian Sea, is described on the basis of adults and larvae. In common with conspecifics, the new species exhibits a suite of putative “primitive” characters including the presence of oostegites on the sixth and seventh pereomeres of females and maxillipeds and articulated uropods in males. Pleurocryptella poseidon Williams & Boyko sp. nov. differs from other species of Pleurocryptella by characters of body shape, antennae, oostegite 1, pleon, and uropods of females and midventral tubercles, pleomeres, and pleopods of males. The epicaridium larvae have a large posterior, external yolk sac and segmented maxillipeds, a unique set of characters within Epicaridea. In addition to larval and adult characters, molecular data (COI) indicate that the genus is distinct from other members of Bopyridae, so we erect the new subfamily Pleurocryptellinae for it. Pleurocryptella poseidon Williams & Boyko sp. nov. bears a new genus and species of hyperparasitic isopod that is herein described based on its cryptoniscus stage. A review of epicaridium larval morphology and a key to the species of Pleurocryptella are provided.

Evaluating Abuse of Young Adults’ Bodies in Collins’s The Hunger Games

The bodies of young adults are vibrant and seductive. They view their physical selves as “being in the world.” Social structures and grownups detest the physical activities of the young adults. Thus, the present study looks at many circumstances and causes of young adult’s bodily abuse in Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games. In this article, it examines how and why the Capitol’s authority mistreats the bodies of young adult characters like Peeta and Katniss. It also looks into the motivations behind the young people’s plans to mistreat their bodies. In order to maintain their power and influence over adolescents, this study makes the case that adults and societal institutions mistreat young adults’ bodies. In the process of exercising power, the adults view the young adults as competitors and formidable opponents. Additionally, it argues that rather than deterring young adults from acquiring their freedom, individuality, and maturity, physical violence encourages them. The study draws on theoretical ideas and readily available critical comments from scholars who specialize in young adult writing and conceptions of the body, including Roberta S. Trites, Tayaba Moeen et al., and Heather Y. Swanton et al., for its analytical purposes. Lastly, by focusing on abuse, the study hopes to introduce a fresh perspective to the study of the body, young people, and young adult texts.

Representation of Environmental Issues in Marjan's "Baruna the Guardian of the Ocean" Ad 2023 Episode 1 and 2 (Analysis Semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce)

Environmental issues have become the talk of recent years, education and information about deteriorating natural conditions are needed to maintain natural health. Given the rise of environmental issues in recent years, PT Lasallefood Indonesia has participated by raising environmental issues as their advertising concept for 2023. This study aims to show environmental issues in the form of marine pollution represented in marjan advertisements "baruna sang guardian samudra" episodes 1 and 2 using qualitative approaches and data collection techniques Observation and documentation. The analysis was conducted by observing scenes related to marine pollution obtained through symbols and signs displayed throughout the marjan advertisement "Baruna the Guardian of the Ocean" episodes 1 and 2 through the approach of Charles Sanders Pierce's Semiotic Theory. The results of this study show that the Baruna Sang Guardian of the Ocean marjan advertisement tries to represent 3 aspects broadly related to environmental issues of marine pollution, the first is the act of marine pollution represented by adult characters who are fishermen and children as coastal villagers who throw plastic waste into the sea, the second is the impact of plastic pollution on the marine environment represented by the inner ocean and the surface that has been Filled with plastic waste, the last impact of marine pollution that is happening to marine life is represented by the figure of a dragon as marine life affected by marine pollution in the form of being eaten by plastic waste.

The Phylogeny of the Genera of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the World

A phylogenetic analysis of all extant genera of Ceratopogonidae worldwide indicates there are now 109 valid genera, including two that are unnamed. All potential morphological features were considered, with 364 adult characters surveyed. Of these 146 adult characters were considered informative and these were combined with 40 pupal features previously interpreted by Borkent (2014), 16 larval and two egg characters. The resulting phylogeny confirmed the relationships between the early lineages including Leptoconopinae, Forcipomyiinae and Culicoidini (other than Washingtonhelea) previously interpreted. The remainder are Ceratopogoninae and these are divided into 11 tribes of which four are new: Washingtonheleini, Parabezziini, Neurobezziini and Echinoheleini. The last three were previously considered as members of the Ceratopogonini. Remaining Ceratopogonini are still recognized as a paraphyletic group, with some lineages poorly resolved phylogenetically. Some genera are realigned within the tribes Sphaeromiini, Johannsenomyiini and Palpomyiini. Poorly understood genera are discussed in some detail. Available autapomorphies of genera are presented, showing that some genera lack evidence of monophyly. Previously considered features of adults as well as those newly investigated but found to be of uncertain value phylogenetically are presented and discussed in detail. Previously published phylogenetic interpretations are discussed in the light of the current analysis. Six extant genera are newly placed, three as new synonyms and three lowered in rank from full genera to subgenera (with their type species subsequently as new combinations. Another is once again placed in synonymy and one, previously considered a generic synonym is recognized as a valid genus. The changes are as follows. Guihelea Yu & Qian, in Yu et al. 2005: 1496. New synonym of Johannsenomyia Malloch 1915: 332. Johannsenomyia jingxiensis (Yu & Qian, in Yu et al. 2005): 1497. New combination. Heteroceratopogon Wirth & Grogan 1988: 55. New synonym of Ceratopalpomyia Szadziewski 1988: 171. Ceratopalpomyia poguei (Wirth & Grogan 1988: 57 (Ceratopalpomyia). New combination. Hypsimyia Yu, in Yu et al. 2005: 1433. New synonym of Ceratopogon Meigen 1803: 261. Ceratopogon emeiensis (Yu & Li, in Yu et al. 2005): 1433 (Hypsimyia). New combination. Chairopogon Yu, in Yu et al. 2005: 1430. New status as subgenus of Culicoides Latreille 1809: 251. Culicoides (Chairopogon) chengdeiensis (Yu & Hao, in Yu et al. 2005): 1430 (Chairopogon). New combination. Oxyria Yu, in Yu et al. 2005: 1436. New status as subgenus of Forcipomyia Meigen 1818: 73, 75. Forcipomyia (Oxyria) xui (Yu, in Yu et al. 2005): 1437 (Oxyria). New combination. Sinicohelea Yu, Wang & Tan, in Wang et al. 2012: 42. New status as subgenus of Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818: 73, 75. Forcipomyia (Sinicohelea) xuanjui (Yu, Wang & Chen, in Wang et al. 2012) (Sinicohelea). New combination. The type species of Paralluaudomyia is once again named Alluaudomyia maculata (Clastrier 1960) and the genus is a synonym of Alluaudomyia. New status. Boreohelea was most recently considered a synonym of Allohelea and is now returned to generic status. New status.

Systematics of Pilielmis Hinton, 1971 (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Elmidae).

Pilielmis is a small genus of Neotropical Elmidae found in the Amazon basin and French Guiana, with distribution in five countries: Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, and Venezuela. Currently, seven species of Pilielmis are known, six of which were described in the original description of the genus by Hinton (1971), and the most recent one was described by Polizei & Barclay (2019). In this paper, we review the genus Pilielmis based on the analysis of type-specimens and material collected in different regions of northern South America. A phylogenetic study was performed to hypothesize the relationship between all species of Pilielmis and to test the monophyly of this genus. For this purpose, 42 morphological characters of adults were investigated, among them some structures that were not illustrated and described in the original descriptions. As result, all seven previously known species were redescribed with standardized morphological information. Three new species were discovered in the examined material: Pilielmis baniwa sp. nov., Pilielmis muricula sp. nov., Pilielmis nheengatu sp. nov. A key for identification of the adults of Pilielmis is proposed and new records for Suriname, Peru, and some Brazilian states are presented. The phylogenetic analysis corroborated the monophyly of Pilielmis and presented phylogenetic information from characteristics not used before in the taxonomy of the genus, such as mouth parts and female ovipositor.

The genre of the holiday story in the literature of the XXI century for children and teenagers

The article explores the genre features of a vacation literature about a children's health camp of the late XX – early XXI centuries. Both the traditions of the story about the pioneer camp of the twentieth century and the original features of modern literature for children and adolescents are revealed. The article actualizes the topics of the relationship between adolescents and children in a new team, the problems of growing up and socialization. A fairly extensive typology of child and adolescent characters relevant to modern reality is presented. The significance and importance of this article is due to the importance of the problems posed, as well as modern and practically unexplored research material, which are the works of V. Krapivin, T. Kryukova, M. Panteleeva, T. Mikheeva, etc., which are only included in scientific circulation. To understand these aspects, the following research methods are used in the article: comparative, hermeneutical and comparative typological methods. With the help of a systematic approach, an analytical study of the ways of communication between children and adolescents, their socialization and self-realization in a vacation story is provided. The main result of this work is the study of different types of characters of children and adults, ways of their interaction and ways of self-realization. The study of practically new and little-studied artistic material that arouses genuine interest among teenagers themselves becomes relevant in this article. At the same time, the following tasks were solved: identifying key aspects of growing up and socialization of a child / teenager; analyzing the relationships of children in the novels of V. Krapivin, T. Kryukova, M. Panteleeva, T. Mikheeva and other writers; determining the features of the development of the main storylines and the imaginative system of the analyzed stories, as well as the genre originality of the works under study. The key aspects of the article were questions about the genre nature of the stories, the typology of child and adolescent characters, and the moral aspects of growing up a child.

A phylogeny of Carrerapyrgota Aczél (Diptera, Pyrgotidae)

Carrerapyrgota Aczél, 1956 is a Neotropical Diptera genus within Pyrgotidae. Currently, the genus comprise four species: C. miliaria Aczél, 1956 (type species), C. personata (Lutz & Lima, 1918), C. aczeli Mello, Lamas & Rafael, 2010, and C. bernardii Mello, Lamas & Rafael, 2010. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships among Carrerapyrgota species, aiming to establish their monophyly as a genus. To achieve this, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on 22 external morphological characters of adults, emploing the principle of parsimony. Analyses using both equal and implied character weighting support the monophyly of the genus, based on the following apomorphies: absence of the postscutellum, R₂₊₃ with spurious apical vein, lower calypter with a longitudinal row of bristles, and the presence of a posterior longitudinal groove on the female fore femur. The species C. aczeli, C. bernardii, and C. miliaria form a monophyletic group, supported by the synapomorphic condition of a spot on the forehead. Within this group, C. bernardii and C. miliaria are sister species, sharing the synapomorphic condition of a less sclerotized M vein, after dm-cu compared to the anterior region, as well as the homoplastic condition of a spot on the median occipital sclerite. This phylogenetic analysis reaffirms the synonymy proposed by Bernardi (1990), which treats Anapyrgota Steyskal, 1967, as a junior synonym of Carrerapyrgota. The evolutionary relationship among the species of the genus is represented as (C. personata (C. aczeli (C. bernardii, C. miliaria))). Furthermore, this study includes an updated distributional map for the genus, featuring the first record of Pyrgotinae in the Andean region.

New species and new stages of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Southern Yungas (Argentina and Bolivia)

Austral Yungas cloud forest (Southern Bolivia and NW Argentina) is known for its high diversity, steep landscape and low accessibility. Anacroneuria Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlidae) species in this ecoregion have been seldom studied. We aim to know its species diversity (based on adult characters) and explore larval characters important for their recognition. We have reared dozens of larvae from different localities and collected adults with light traps. Reared adults and associated larval exuviae were studied, photographed and drawn. We have identified 13 species (based on male aedeagus) and successfully associated larval and adult stages for seven species. In the present paper we describe seven new species: Anacroneuria tafi sp. nov., A. flavinigra sp. nov., A. saican sp. nov., A. triplex sp. nov., A. calilegua sp. nov., A. lutea sp. nov., and A. tupacamaru sp. nov. For six species previously described we present new data and stage descriptions: A. arrazayalensis Orce, A. handlirschi Klapálek, A. reedi (Navás), A. tucuman Stark, A. saltensis Froehlich, and A. chimborazo Stark. Genetic divergence for some of these species was studied using the barcode region of the mitochondrial gene COI. A key to the male adults of all the species of Anacroneuria from Northwestern Argentina is presented.

More than Olceclostera bifenestrata: New species and morphology of immature stages of Olceclostera Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea, Apatelodidae)

Apatelodidae is a family of Neotropical bombycoids that still needs to be studied in several aspects, as many groups of species have not yet undergone a careful systematic revision. On the other hand, recent studies showed that some species known to be widely distributed in fact form species complexes. Until now, Olceclostera bifenestrata Schaus, 1912, described from Costa Rica, supposedly has a wide distribution, reaching the south of Brazil. We reviewed specimens from South America identified as O. bifenestrata. Using morphological data and DNA barcodes, we discovered that South American specimens belong to four new species: Olceclostera jairanasp. nov., Olceclostera quilombolasp. nov., Olceclostera xetasp. nov. and Olceclostera wayanasp. nov. The four species can be distinguished mainly by characters of genitalia, mostly in aedeagus structures. However, wing characters (number of hyaline spots) and abdomen characters (number of patches of larger scales) may be useful for classifying species groups in Olceclostera. Additionally, we illustrate and describe for the first time all the life stages of an Olceclostera species, including its chaetotaxy and life history, and provide the first SEM images of the egg of an Apatelodidae species. We present a discussion about the morphological characters of adults and immatures and their relevance to the systematics of Apatelodidae.

Sharing Maternal Fantasies

Adult characters in children’s literature often remain in the “blind space”, Vanessa Joosen observes (Adulthood). Whereas this is true for a lot of children’s books, there are also picturebooks that focus on mothers, often designed as tributes to motherhood. Within this array of books on mothers, however, some offer a more nuanced portrayal of motherhood than others. Samtidigt i min låtsasvärld (Meanwhile in My Imaginary World, 2018) by Lisa Bjärbo and Emma AdBåge shares a mother’s imagination with the readers. The mother’s inner world is connected to shared pleasures, which are easily considered to be “childlike”. By using a mother’s perspective in a picturebook intended for children and adults Bjärbo and AdBåge create an intergenerational experience. Building on concepts and insights from sociology, age studies and children’s literature studies and the textual and visual analysis of Samtidigt i min låtsasvärld, I reflect on the way picturebooks have the affordances to create an intergenerational understanding of daily situations and, by doing so, could contribute to breaking the good mom myth.

A review of the species of the subgenus Callophrys (Ahlbergia) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) of Russia

The species of the subgenus Ahlbergia Bryk, 1947 of the genus Callophrys Billberg, 1820 of Russia are revised using the external characters of adults and the characters of the male and female genitalia combined with the phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene. Our analysis revealed three species present in Russia: Callophrys (Ahlbergia) confusa (Huang, Chen et Li, 2006), status promotus, C. (A.) korea (Johnson, 1992), status promotus, and C. (A.) frivaldszkyi (Lederer, 1855). The name C. (A.) inopinata (M.M. Omelko, 1995), syn. nov. is placed in synonymy with C. (A.) frivaldszkyi. An identification key for the species of the subgenus Ahlbergia of Russia is provided.

A new species and a new record of Leioseius Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from Russia, with a review of the Russian species of the genus

A new predatory mite species of the genus Leioseius Berlese, L. subarcticus Joharchi n. sp., is described and illustrated on the basis of morphological characters of adults collected in the subarctic zone of northern Tyumen, from the soil covered with lichens. We also provide additional morphological information and new illustrations for L. changbaiensis Yin and Bei. The species known only from the type series, was found under bark in China (Changbai Mountains, Jilin Province) and is now recorded for the first time in the Altai Republic, Russia, close to type locality from the same habitat. In addition, an identification key to all known Russian species of the genus is presented.

A new species of Apertochrysa Tjeder, 1966 and new record of Plesiochrysa ramburi (Schneider, 1851) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from China, with potential biocontrol significance.

A new green lacewing species Apertochrysa roseusfrontata sp. nov. and a newly recorded Plesiochrysa ramburi (Schneider, 1851) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) from South China are described based on the morphological characters of both adults and larvae. Both species were found predating Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley, 1959 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine, 1838) in Guangdong Province.

Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Abstract Using molecular (COI, Cytb, H3, wg, 12S, 16S, and 28S) and morphological data (61 characters of adults and immatures), the phylogenetic relationships of the 20 nominal genera of Liviinae were analysed, and the monophyly of the subfamily was tested relative to the other two subfamilies of Liviidae. The analyses of the molecular, morphological, and combined datasets provided similar results with a strong or moderate support in the molecular and combined analyses for the subfamilies of Liviidae and two clades in Liviinae given tribal rank (Liviini and Paurocephalini stat. rev.). Three of the six previously recognized genera were confirmed as monophyletic (Aphorma, Camarotoscena, and Livia) and three were shown to be polyphyletic: Diclidophlebia s.l. (Diclidophlebia s.s., Haplaphalara stat. rev., Klyveria Burckhardt, Serbina and Malenovský, gen. nov., Melanastera Serbina, Malenovský, Queiroz and Burckhardt, gen. nov. and Woldaia stat. rev.), Paurocephala s.l. (Liella Burckhardt, Serbina and Malenovský, gen. nov. and Paurocephala s.s.), and Syntomoza s.l. (Anomoterga stat. rev. and Syntomoza s.s.). The new generic definitions require 38 new and eight revived combinations, including the transfer of two species to other families. All genera of Liviinae are diagnosed and keys are provided for their identification. A checklist of world Liviinae is supplemented.

The theme of family and home in Maria Yakunina's dilogy "The Eight" and "Dear Rita"

The article raises the question of the principles of the relationship between adults and children in a modern children's story. In addition, the themes of home, family, and family education in the lives of teenagers are updated. The significance of this article is due to the importance of the problems posed, as well as modern and practically unexplored research material, which are the stories "The Eight" and "Dear Rita" by the modern teenage author M. Yakunina. To comprehend these aspects, the following research methods are used in the article: comparative, hermeneutic and comparative-typological methods. With the help of a systematic approach, an analytical study of the ways of socialization and self-improvement of a child in a teenage story is provided. The main result of this work is the study of different types of characters of children and adults, ways of their interaction and ways of self-realization. At the same time, the following tasks were solved: identification of key aspects of growing up and socialization of the child; analysis of the relationship between adults and children in Maria Yakunina's stories "The Eight" and "Dear Rita"; determination of the features of the development of the main storylines and the figurative system of the analyzed stories. The key topic of the article is the role of the family in the life of a teenager, the possibility of choosing a family by a child and the responsibility of both children and adults for the family as a whole and each of its members.

Description of two new species of Nemoleon Navs, 1909 (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) from India.

The Nemoleontid genus, Nemoleon Navs, 1909 from the Oriental realm, with two new species namely Nemoleon ghoshi sp. nov. and Nemoleon madayiensis sp. nov. are described from Kerala, India. Also, a species key of Nemoleon from India based on the adult characters is provided, and compered to African species.

A Review on the Genus Paramacrobiotus (Tardigrada) with a New Diagnostic Key

Paramacrobiotus species have been described in almost every corner of the world. To date, 45 species have been reported from this genus. Among which, 13 belong to the areolatus group (without a microplacoid) and 32 belong to the richtersi group (with a microplacoid). The species’ presence in different climatic conditions and habitats provides evidence of their adaptation to various harsh environments. The species of the genus are both bisexual (diploid) and parthenogenetic (triploid). The bisexual species have external fertilization. And they are omnivorous whose diet consists of certain cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, rotifers, nematodes and juvenile tardigrades. The life history of species from this genus varies from species to species. Because the species has a strong predilection for cryptobiosis, numerous investigations involving anhydrobiosis have been conducted utilizing specimens from varied Paramacrobiotus species to date. In this review, we provide a concise summary of changes observed due to various cryptobiotic conditions in many species of this genus, the geographical distribution of all the species, feeding behaviour, life history, microbiome community, Wolbachia endosymbiont identification, reproduction, phylogeny and general taxonomy of the species from the genus Paramacrobiotus. Furthermore, we provide a new diagnostic key to the genus Paramacrobiotus based on the morphological and morphometric characters of adults and eggs.

A large-scale database of Chinese characters and words collected from elementary school textbooks.

Lexical databases are essential tools for studies on language processing and acquisition. Most previous Chinese lexical databases have focused on materials for adults, yet little is known about reading materials for children and how lexical properties from these materials affect children's reading comprehension. In the present study, we provided the first large database of 2999 Chinese characters and 2182 words collected from the official textbooks recently issued by the Ministry of Education (MOE) of the People's Republic of China for most elementary schools in Mainland China, as well as norms from both school-aged children and adults. The database incorporates key orthographic, phonological, and semantic factors from these lexical units. A word-naming task was used to investigate the effects of these factors in character and word processing in both adults and children. The results suggest that: (1) as the grade level increases, visual complexity of those characters and words increases whereas semantic richness and frequency decreases; (2) the effects of lexical predictors on processing both characters and words vary across children and adults; (3) the effect of age of acquisition shows different patterns on character and word-naming performance. The database is available on Open Science Framework (OSF) ( https://osf.io/ynk8c/?view_only=5186bd68549340bd923e9b6531d2c820 ) for future studies on Chinese language development.

New species of Monomitopus (Ophidiidae) from Hawaii, with the description of a larval coiling behavior.

In 1985, Carter and Cohen noted that there are several yet-to-be described species of Monomitopus (Ophidiidae), including one from Hawaii. Recently, blackwater divers collected a larval fish off Kona, Hawaii, similar to the previously described larvae of M. kumae, but DNA sequence data from the larva does not match any of the six previously sequenced species within the genus. Within the Smithsonian Institutions National Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Collection, we find a single unidentified adult specimen of Monomitopus collected North of Maui, Hawaii in 1972 whose fin-ray and vertebral/myomere counts overlap those of the larval specimen. We describe this new Hawaiian species of Monomitopus based on larval and adult characters. Additionally, blackwater photographs of several species of Monomitopus show the larvae coiled into a tight ball, a novel behavior to be observed in cusk-eels. We describe this behavior, highlighting the importance of blackwater photography in advancing our understanding of marine larval fish biology.