Adult Attendees Research Articles

No Evidence of Systematic Change of Physical Activity Patterns Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic and Related Mood States Among Iranian Adults Attending Team Sports Activities.

Objective: To cope with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic health authorities released social restrictions. Such social restrictions impacted on the people's possibilities to move deliberately in a public space and to gather with other people. In the present study, we investigated the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions (“confinement”) on physical activity (PA) patterns before and during the confinement among team sports participants. Such PA patterns were further related to current mood states, and possible sex differences were also explored.Methods: A total of 476 adults exercising team sport (football, futsal, volleyball, handball, and basketball; mean age: 24.66 years; 48.1% females) completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, former and current PA patterns, and current mood states.Results: Compared with the period before the confinement, PA intensity decreased, but PA frequency increased during the confinement. Past, current, and changes in physical activity patterns were unrelated to participants' mood states. Sex differences in mood were spurious. Sex differences in physical activity patterns were modest, with male participants reporting a higher physical activity intensity during the confinement.Conclusions: The present pattern of results suggests that the COVID-19-related confinement did not impact in a uniform fashion on PA patterns of adults attending team sports. Furthermore, mood states were unrelated to current physical activity patterns. Given the complex psychosocial situation of COVID-19-related confinement, it appeared very unlikely that sole physical activity patterns could counterbalance possible impaired states of mood and behavior.

The effect of repeated doses of intravenous ketamine on measures of workplace attendance and productivity in adults with major depressive and bipolar disorder: Results from the canadian rapid treatment center of excellence

Numerous clinical trials have reported that intravenous (IV) ketamine demonstrates rapid antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). These studies, however, have not characterized whether these antidepressant effects translate to improvements in workplace productivity and functionality. Adults with TRD received repeated doses of IV ketamine at a community-based clinic (n = 171). We evaluated patient outcomes at two timepoints of interest: (1) acute-phase (i.e., following 4–6 infusions, 17.6 ± 12.6 days from baseline) and (2) maintenance-phase (i.e., following 7–10 infusions, 153.9 ± 63.4 days from baseline). The primary outcome measure was change from baseline to maintenance-phase scores on the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) workplace/school item as well as days underproductive (i.e., presenteeism) and days lost (i.e., absenteeism). Secondary measures included the Quick Inventory for Depression Symptomatology-Self Report 16-Item (QIDS-SR16). There was a significant reduction in workplace/school disability, and significantly reduced symptoms of presenteeism and absenteeism. At the acute-phase outcome, this translated to 2 more days of productivity and 1.5 less days absent from work. Additionally, IV ketamine exhibited a sustained antidepressant effect across the ten infusions. IV ketamine was associated with a significant reduction in workplace/school disability and demonstrated improvements in symptoms of presenteeism and absenteeism.

How did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Inappropriate Adult Emergency Department Attendances?: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

How did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Inappropriate Adult Emergency Department Attendances?: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

Anxiety, Depression, and Anger in Bruxism: A Cross-sectional Study among Adult Attendees of a Preventive Center

The relationship between emotional symptom and bruxism is not well-established. We aimed to investigate sleeping bruxism and psychological factors. A cross-sectional study was performed in working-age adults attended in general outpatient service. The main outcome was the sleep bruxism diagnosed by dentist. Sociodemographic, clinical and psychological characteristics were evaluated according to sleep bruxism (yes/no). Scores of self-report scales of psychological symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Dimensions of Anger Reactions) were individually subjected to factor analysis, through the extraction method of principal axis factoring. The associations between probable cases of sleep bruxism with dimensions of anxiety (somatic and cognitive), depression, and anger were estimated by linear regression models. Linear regression models (with β coefficients and 95% CI) were adjusted for sociodemographic covariates. Among 351 respondents, 37.3% presented sleep bruxism. Of them, high frequencies of symptoms of anger (68.1%), moderate-severe anxiety (23.6%), and depression (17.9%) were observed. After adjustment, somatic-anxiety (β: 0,136; CI95%: 0,028 to 0.276) was associated with sleep bruxism, but not cognitive-anxiety, depression or anger. The presence of sleeping bruxism should be routinely explored among adults, regarding its relationship with emotional symptoms.

Epidemiology of depression in primary care: Findings from the Mental Health in Primary Care (MeHPriC) project, Lagos, Nigeria.

To estimate the rate and correlates of depression in primary care using data from the Mental Health in Primary Care (MeHPriC) project, Lagos, Nigeria. Adult attendees (n=44,238) of 57 primary care facilities were evaluated for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Apart from the socio-demographic details, information was also collected regarding the use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances, presence of chronic medical problems, level of functionality, and perceived social support. Anthropometrics measures (weight and height) and blood pressure were also recorded. A total of 27,212 (61.5%) of the participants were females. There were 32,037 (72.4%) participants in the age group 25-60 years. The rate of major depression (PHQ-9 score 10 and above) was 15.0% (95% CI 14.6-15.3). The variables independently associated with depression include age 18-24 years (OR 1.69), female sex (OR 2.39), poor social support (OR 1.14), having at least one metabolic syndrome component (OR 1.57), significant alcohol use (OR 1.13) and functional disability (OR 1.38). Our study showed that the rate of depression in primary care in Nigeria is high. Screening for all primary care attendees for depression will be an important step towards scaling up mental health services in Nigeria and other developing countries.

Religious service attendance typologies and African American substance use: a longitudinal study of the protective effects among young adult men and women.

This study sought to identify variation by gender in the associations between religious service attendance from adolescence to young adulthood and seven measures of lifetime and short-term substance use. To conduct this nationally representative study, data from the Add Health Surveys was abstracted from Waves I and IV (N = 3,223) to construct four types of service attendance (non-attenders, attenders only as adolescents, attenders only in young adulthood, and consistent attenders). A series of logistic regressions were conducted to identify the independent effects of each pattern of service attendance on each substance among all black young adults, as well as male and female sub-samples. Analysis revealed consistent attenders were generally less likely to use substances, with the effects being strongest among females. Among young adult only attenders, males recorded lower odds across all three short-term measures whereas females reported lower odds only for monthly cigarette use. The protective effects of religious service attendance are more robust for African Americans who consistently attend in adolescence and young adulthood, especially among females.

Number needed to screen to prevent progression of liver fibrosis to cirrhosis at primary health centers: An experience from Delhi.

Background:Early diagnosis has been a bottleneck in the care of chronic liver disease patients and can be addressed by Community-based screening for liver fibrosis using non-invasive diagnostic techniques.Objectives:The study aimed to determine the prevalence of liver fibrosis and the number needed to screen (NNS) to prevent the progression of fibrosis, among adults visiting urban Primary Health Centres (PHC).Methods:A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2018 to April 2019 in 72 randomly chosen PHCs using a mobile screening van. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect relevant history from adult patients and patient attenders. A venous blood sample was collected for biochemical markers and Transient Elastography was also done to measure Liver stiffness (LSM). LSM ≥6.0 kPa was taken as the cut-off for detecting liver fibrosis. Lifestyle modifications and alcohol cessations were considered as interventions for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) respectively, to calculate NNS.Results:7624 participants were recruited in the study with a mean age of 46 ± 12 years. Around 35.5% of participants had liver fibrosis and 3% had cirrhosis. Nearly 4% had ALD and 30% had NAFLD. NNS for preventing progression of fibrosis for ALD and NAFLD was 12 and 29 respectively. NNS was least among obese, diabetes and hypertensive participants.Conclusion:One-third of adults visiting urban PHCs had significant liver fibrosis. Low NNS to prevent the progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis among alcohol users and other high-risk groups, substantiates the need for screening among these groups.

40. The Role of Health Literacy in Vaccination Disparities: Do Patients Understand the Health Messages?

BackgroundNumerous public health campaigns are organized with the goal of improving immunization rates. However, vaccination uptake remains low among certain racial/ethnic minority groups including Hispanic patients. The level of health literacy (HL), ability to recognize the words used, may impact patients’ understanding of health-related messages and consequently health behavior and vaccination.MethodsWe conducted a HL survey among adult female attendees of a health fair in an underserved area of Los Angeles. Attendees visiting a youth education booth were surveyed using an electronic tool. Respondents were surveyed on their familiarity with and recognition of specific words including: measles, shingles, pertussis, hepatitis, meningitis, stroke, diabetes, pneumonia, and human papilloma virus (HPV). Comparisons were analyzed using chi-squared tests.ResultsForty-three women (n=28 Hispanic; n=15 Non-Hispanic) completed the survey. The mean ages of Hispanic and non-Hispanic (predominantly Caucasian and Asian) respondents were 35.4 ±14 years and 29.9 ±12 years, respectively. A significantly lower percentage of Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic women reported recognition of words associated with vaccine-preventable diseases: “meningitis” (15% vs. 60%, p< .01), “hepatitis” (18% vs. 69%, p< .01), and “HPV” (33% vs 67%, p< .05). Substantially lower recognition was also reported for “pneumonia”, although this did not reach statistical significance (46% vs 77%, p=.06). The percentage reporting recognition of “diabetes” did not differ significantly between groups (68% vs 60%, p=0.43).ConclusionImmunization campaigns often use words that patients may not understand, potentially impacting patients’ relationship with the healthcare system and health behavior change. We found a lower level of recognition (health literacy) of words associated with vaccine-preventable diseases among Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic women attending a community health fair. These findings have implications for developing culturally-tailored communication tools and educational strategies using a language easily recognized by a specific community to help reduce racial disparities in vaccination uptake.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Prevalence And Severity Of Dental Caries And Oral Hygiene Status Among The 35-40 Years Old Adult Population Attending A Private Dental College- A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Prevalence And Severity Of Dental Caries And Oral Hygiene Status Among The 35-40 Years Old Adult Population Attending A Private Dental College- A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal and Oral Hygiene Status among 30-40 Years Old Adult Population Attending A Private Dental College- A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal and Oral Hygiene Status among 30-40 Years Old Adult Population Attending A Private Dental College- A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Cultural Identity Formation: A Personal Narrative

This paper provides personal experiences and perceptions of being a minoritized individual. This is the story of a professional social worker learning to adapt to social norms and expectations of self. He discusses the struggles he experienced as an adolescent and as a young adult attending college. Through this narrative, the role of faith and social work intersect, especially as a professional social worker. It is at this intersection that this social worker learns to live a holistic life without feeling discriminated against or ashamed of his identity. He begins to actualize a reality with imperfect beings who also struggle to maintain their identity as well. Thus, in this paper, the author provides a snapshot of his development as a minority in the United States.

More Exercise Is Linked to Less Loneliness in Adult Day Health Attendees

There is a growing evidence that more physical activity is linked to less loneliness (Cigna, 2018; Pels & Kleinert; 2016). It is less clear whether this relationship persists in older adults who are attending adult day health services and often have multiple comorbidities. In this study, we examined whether spending more time exercising would significantly predict whether adult day health attendees reported loneliness. We used UAS-NY data from a sample of 221 adult day health attendees from 2019 to early 2020 who scored five or greater on the Nursing Facility Level of Care Index, which is a score derived from assessments of cognition, communication and vision, mood and behavior, functional status, continence, and nutritional status. A logistic regression showed that after controlling for demographic variables, cognition, health, and quality of family relationships, participants were less likely to report loneliness if they had been attending adult day health services for at least six months or more (B=.86, p<.05), spent less time alone (B=-.45, p<.05), and exercised more (B=.47, p<.05; χ2(3)=15.6, p=.001). These results suggest that in addition to participating in adult day services and spending more time with others, exercising may have an impact on the experience of loneliness.

Impacting Health Behaviors of Older Adults Through a Volunteer-Led Health Literacy Program

A community based, peer volunteer-driven educational program was developed to empower older adults to improve health behaviors through health literacy. A community needs assessment determined the curricula which included classes on chronic disease management and issues impacting older adult health. Volunteers were recruited and trained on the curricula by health educators using a train-the-trainer module. 173 volunteers convened 302 workshops, and trained 2,065 unique older adults who account for 5000 attendees. Using a pretest posttest design, an outcome evaluation found statistically significant increases in knowledge among older adult workshop attendees on 6 of the 7 health topics (p<.01). Eighty-three percent of attendees reported positive health behavior changes at 3-month follow-up. The most commonly cited changes were increased physical activity and improved nutrition. Program challenges included volunteer scheduling and retention. Building a sustainable community-based, peer volunteer-driven health education program for older adults will be discussed.

Virtual Funerals During COVID-19 and Beyond

Physical distancing measures and the restrictions on large group gatherings following the COVID-19 pandemic have left many to consider alternative approaches to commemorating the death of a loved one. Advancements in information technologies and the availability of affordable electronic devices have brought forth the ability to use virtual platforms to host funeral services for those unable to be with their loved ones. The aim of this study was to identify existing and potential online platforms for hosting a virtual funeral, explore the safety considerations of hosting a service during the pandemic and share the experiences of individuals who have previously hosted a virtual service. To conduct the research, an environmental scan was undertaken searching academic, grey literature and online websites. The results showed that there are currently several online platforms made specifically for virtual services and many free public platforms that can be used. Death services must ensure staff who are in direct contact with the deceased have proper Personal Protective Equipment and companies must adhere to regulations regarding group gatherings, screening for symptoms and physical distancing. Some individuals expressed having a positive experience, stating that the virtual service felt more intimate, while others expressed difficulty in navigating the technology, particularly the older adult attendees. Virtual funeral services may prove to be a practical and safer alternative during COVID-19 and may provide some comfort for those facing such challenging times. By examining existing platforms and their use, an opportunity exists to generate recommendations for additional supports, particularly for older adults.

Item and scale properties of the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire assessed by item response theory.

a) To evaluate the item and scale properties of the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) in an adult general population. b) To determine precision or accuracy of the respondents' estimated scores along the Oral Health Literacy (OHL) spectrum using item response theory (IRT) modeling. Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 405 adult attendees of the 2014 Minnesota State Fair. We used the two-parameter logistic (2PL) model for the item response theory (IRT) analyses of OHL-AQ data and calibrated items to estimate model-based item difficulty and discrimination parameters. Item and scale properties were also assessed by plotting and interpreting item characteristic curves (ICCs), test characteristic curve (TCC), and test information function (TIF). Based on interpretation of model coefficients, statistical testing, and model fit criteria, we deemed the 2PL model superior and selected this model to examine item and scale properties. Scale reliability was shown to be good through the test information function (TIF). TIF from our analysis showed that higher levels of OHL were measured less precisely than lower levels of OHL. We demonstrated OHL-AQ as a whole has promising psychometric properties. However, for equiprecise measurement across the scale range, the scale needs more items for measuring higher levels of OHL.

Nest design and parental care of Striped Woodhaunter Automolus subulatus

The western and trans-Andean populations of Striped Woodhaunter Automolus subulatus are sometimes considered separate species. We discuss previously published data on the nesting of Striped Woodhaunter and present novel information concerning the nest, eggs, nestlings and parental care of western A. s virgatus and trans-Andean A. s. subulatus. Nest placement and architecture of the two populations are similar to each other and to other Automolus species. However, Striped Woodhaunter build shorter nest tunnels than other related species and genera. All similarities in nest design, nestbuilding behaviour and parental care presented herein support the genetic clade including Automolus, Thripadectes and Clibanornis, but do not differentiate between the subspecies of Striped Woodhaunter. More studies are required about adult attendance and nest design within this clade, taking into account more samples across the species' range.

Anal and Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men Who Have Sex with Men: Implications for Risk-Targeted Vaccination

Aim: Men who have sex with men (MSM) harbor a significant burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases that could be prevented by vaccination. Materials & methods: Prevalence of HPVs targeted by the quadrivalent (4vHPV) and nonavalent vaccines (9vHPV) was assessed in anal (n=443) and oral (n=193) specimens of immunocompetent, sexually active MSM, using the Linear Array. Results: Of the anal samples, 34.1and 46.0% were positive for at least one genotype of those covered by the 4vHPV and 9vHPV, respectively. At least one of the HPVs targeted by the 9vHPV was detected in 5.7% of the oral specimens. Conclusion: The majority of the subjects were not currently infected by HPV-16 and other vaccine-preventable HPVs. Universal HPV vaccination should be strongly promoted in order to achieve protection for all risk groups. In the meanwhile, vaccination should be offered to sexually active adult MSM attendees of sexually transmitted infection centers, although its potential benefit for these subjectsneeds to be further investigated.

Health psychology attendance: A multilevel analysis of patient-level predictors and therapist effects.

The study investigated adult outpatient Health Psychology Services appointment attendance, cancellation, and missed appointments (A/C/M). The first objective was to determine which demographic and process factors predicted the probability of A/C/M. The second objective was to determine whether there remained residual significant differences in A/C/M between therapists (i.e., a "therapist effect"), after controlling for explanatory variables. We conducted a practice-based retrospective 2-year cohort study. Three-level multilevel models were constructed and tested to analyze the probability of A/C/M at (1) assessment appointments (N = 1,175) and (2) follow-up appointments (N = 5,441). After controlling for predictor variables, significant therapist effects were found for attendance (10.0% to 13.0%) and cancellation (4.4%) at follow-up appointments (but not assessments), indicating significantly different attendance rates at follow-up between therapists. Predictors of attendance at follow-up included patient age, pretherapy symptom severity scores (including risk and symptom scores), and completion of intake questionnaires. Early morning follow-up appointments were least likely to be canceled, followed by late afternoon and finally midday appointments. Treatment intensity predicted attendance, but among qualified therapists, qualification type and pay level were nonsignificant. No significant predictors of attendance at assessment were detected. Attendance at Health Psychology Services outpatient appointments varies significantly according to patient, therapist, and appointment factors. Key routinely collected variables are predictive of attendance at follow-up. Clinical implications include the potential to identify patients at risk of nonattendance and target engagement interventions to these patients. Research directions include closer examination of variability in follow-up attendance between therapists. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Disentangling a web of causation: An ethnographic study of interlinked patient barriers to planned dental visiting, and strategies to overcome them.

To explore barriers to planned dental visiting, investigating how barriers interlink, how they accumulate and change, and how individuals envisage overcoming their combination of barriers through personal strategies. An ethnographic study was conducted of adult urgent dental care attenders who did not have a dentist, including 155hours of nonparticipant observations, 97 interviews and 19 follow-up interviews in six urgent dental care settings. Data were analysed using constant comparison, first identifying barriers and personal strategies to overcome them, and subsequently analysing interlinks between barriers and personal strategies. Accounts of barriers to planned dental visiting encompassed multiple barriers, which related to socioeconomic circumstances as well as experiences of oral health care. Barriers were multi-layered and more difficult to overcome when occurring together. Personal strategies to overcome diverse barriers often hinged on increasing importance of oral health to individuals, yet this was not always sufficient. The combination of barriers participants experience was dynamic, changing due to personal, family, or employment circumstances, and with increasing severity of barriers over time. Over time, this could lead to higher cost, and additional barriers, particularly embarrassment. Barriers to planned dental visiting are complex, multi-layered and change over time, constituting a 'web of causation'. This adds a novel perspective to the literature on barriers to dental visiting, and requires that researchers, dental practitioners and policy makers remain open to barriers' interlinked effects, changes in primacy among individual patients' barriers, and their accumulation over time to better support uptake of planned dental visiting.

Correlation of Dental Fluorosis with Dental Caries among Adult Population Attending A Private Dental College in Chennai

Fluoride is known as a double edged sword, for both its anticariogenic activity and dental fluorosis inexcessive exposure. Results on whether dental caries and dental fluorosis are positively correlated ornegatively correlated vary among different researches, thus making it an unsolved area. Hence this studyaims to correlate dental fluorosis to dental caries among the adult population attending a private dentalcollege in Chennai.The study includes 258 participants aged 18 years and above, with dental fluorosis.Recorded data was retrieved from patient records in Saveetha Dental College. Record details related to thenumber of carious lesions present was analysed and Dean’s Fluorosis Index (1942) was used to assess theseverity of fluorosis among the study population. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used toanalyze the data. Among the participants, 36.4% had carious lesions ranging between 2-3, followed by 27%having more than 4 carious lesions. Mild form of fluorosis was seen among 34.8% of the study population,9.3% experienced a severe form of fluorosis. Weak correlation between dental caries and dental fluorosis wasfound at r = 0.03. For the study population, weak correlation between dental fluorosis and dental caries werefound, though prevalence of fluorosis was high among the participants. Given the prevalence of fluorosis,defluoridation of water should be considered as a priority.