Adsorbent For Removal Of Pb Research Articles

Amino siloxane oligomer-linked graphene oxide as an efficient adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from wastewater

A high performance sorbent, oligomer-linked graphene oxide (GO) composite, was prepared through simple cross-linking reactions between GO sheets and poly3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (PAS) oligomers as crosslinking agents. The three-dimensional PAS oligomers prevented GO sheets from aggregation, provided foreign molecules with easier access, and introduced a large amount of amino functional groups. The morphology, structure and property of the PAS-GO composite were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourie transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption performance of PAS-GO was investigated in removing Pb(II) ions from water. Compared to 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized GO (AS-GO) which was prepared by the direct reaction between 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and GO, PAS-GO exhibited much higher adsorptivity toward Pb(II) with the maximum adsorption capacity of 312.5mg/g at 303K and furthermore the maximum adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature. The adsorption could be conducted in a wide pH range of 4.0–7.0. Importantly, PAS-GO had a priority tendency to adsorb Pb, Cu and Fe from a mixed solution of metal ions, especially from a practical industrial effluent.

Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husk-Based Activated Carbon

The potential of rice husk-based activated carbon as an alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution was investigated. Rice husk-based activated carbon was prepared via chemical activation process using NaOH followed by the carbonization process at 500°C. Morphological analysis was conducted using field-emission scanning electron microscope /energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM/EDX) on three samples, i.e. raw rice husk, rice husk treated with NaOH and rice husk-based activated carbon. These three samples were also analyzed for their C, H, N, O and Si contents using CHN elemental analyzer and FESEM/EDX. The textural properties of rice husk-based activated carbon, i.e. surface area (253 m2/g) and pore volume (0.17 cm2/g), were determined by N2 adsorption. The adsorption studies using rice husk-based activated carbon as an adsorbent to remove Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution were carried out at a fixed initial concentration of Pb (II) ion (150 ppm) with varying adsorbent dose as a function of contact time at room temperature. The concentration of Pb (II) ion was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution increased from 35 % to 82 % when the amount of rice husk-based activated carbon was increased from 0.05 g to 0.30 g. The equilibrium data obtained from adsorption studies was found to fit both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.

Adsorption of Lead Ions onto Citric Acid Modified Rubber <i>(Hevea brasiliansis) </i>Leaves

The removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by citric acid modified rubber leaf powder (CARL) was investigated. The higher adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by CARL compared to untreated rubber leaf powder was due to the presence of more carboxylic functional groups in the former system. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the effect of pH, contact time for the removal of Pb(II) from Pb(II) aqueous systems and the mechanism of adsorption process was studied by kinetic models, pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models. The functional groups on CARL played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(II). The kinetic and equilibrium adsorption data were well modeled using pseudo-first-order kinetics. Normal 0 21 false false false MS X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}

Application of functionalized nano HMS type mesoporous silica with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyldimethoxysilane as a suitable adsorbent for removal of Pb (II) from aqueous media and industrial wastewater

In this work, adsorption characteristics of nano NH2-HMS (functionalized HMS type mesoporous silica with amine groups) for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions were investigated. The adsorbent was characterized using FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR and BET. The adsorption of Pb (II) ions by batch method was applied and the optimum conditions were investigated. In optimum experimental conditions, removal efficiency was 99.08%. It was found that temperature has a positive effect on the removal efficiency. The thermodynamic parameters were evaluated, as well. The evaluated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) showed that the adsorption of Pb (II) ions onto nano NH2-HMS was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. It can be concluded that NH2-HMS is potentially able to remove Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Also, more than 90% of desorption efficiency was achieved using 0.01M HNO3.

Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II) from Water Using Novel Synthesized Polyaniline Composites with Madhuca longifolia and Eugenia jambolana Leaf Powder

Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II) from Water Using Novel Synthesized Polyaniline Composites with Madhuca longifolia and Eugenia jambolana Leaf Powder

Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Chemically Activated Mixed Adsorbents

Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Chemically Activated Mixed Adsorbents

Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Cross-Linked Chitosan-Polyphosphate-Epichlorohydrin Beads

In this study, the cross-linked chitosan-polyphosphate-epichlorohydrin (CCPE) beads were prepared by cross-linking chitosan with both polyphosphate and epichlorohydrin and used as bioadsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of the dosage of CCPE beads, solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, and temperature were investigated. Then, three important factors were selected to optimize the removal processes by the orthogonal test. The results show that CCPE beads can effectively remove the Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions, and the maximum percentage removals for Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions are 99.7% and 91.2%, respectively. The data show also that the removal processes for both Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions fit best the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Moreover, the decrease of the adsorption ability of CCPE beads is less than 10% after reuse for 9 times, which suggests that CCPE beads have good reusability.

Organoclay modified with lignin as a new adsorbent for removal of Pb2+ and UO2 2+

This study investigated a new adsorbent prepared from lignin modified organoclay for the removal of Pb2+ and UO2 2+ from aqueous solutions. The characterization of new adsorbent was performed by FT-IR and XRD. Adsorption of Pb2+ and UO2 2+ species in aqueous solution as a function of ion concentration, pH, temperature and time of adsorption was investigated in detail. The adsorption data were analyzed by using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The monolayer adsorption capacities of organoclay–lignin were 0.12 mol kg−1 and 0.42 mol kg−1 for Pb2+ and UO2 2+, respectively. The experimental kinetic data were analyzed by using pseudo-second-order kinetic and intra-particle diffusion models. The proposed adsorption mechanism follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic and endothermic because of increasing disorderliness at adsorbate/adsorbent interface.

Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using copper oxide nanostructures

Various morphologies of CuO nanostructures (oval, cluster, leaves, small rod, porus nanosheets) have been synthesized by novel simple method using microwave radiation. The produced CuO nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis technique (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface area analyzer (BET) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The ability of CuO nanostructures as adsorbent was investigated for adsorptive removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Various physico–chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, and equilibrium contact time were studied. The optimum solution pH for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was found to be 6.5 and the optimum contact time was found to be 4 h. The adsorption isotherms were obtained using concentrations of the metal ions ranging from 100 to 300 mg/l. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics, as well as Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The maximum capacity of oval, cluster, leaves, small rod and porus nanosheets CuO nanostructures for Pb2+ are 125, 116, 117, 120 and 115 mg/g. This study revealed that CuO nano structures was an effective adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.

Novel magnetic beads based on sodium alginate gel crosslinked by zirconium(IV) and their effective removal for Pb2+ in aqueous solutions by using a batch and continuous systems

Novel magnetic sodium alginate gel beads (Fe3O4@SA-Zr) were successfully prepared by using zirconium(IV) as crosslinking ions, and used as adsorbent for removal of Pb(2+) ions from aqueous solutions in batch and fixed-bed column systems. Fe3O4@SA-Zr was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD and VSM. Fe3O4@SA-Zr had the macroporous structure, exhibited greater stability and possessed a sensitive magnetic response. More importantly, Fe3O4@SA-Zr exhibited high adsorption capacity, fast kinetics and high selectivity towards Pb(2+) ions. Experimental data was well described by Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 333.33 mg/g. FTIR and XPS indicated that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of SA and hydroxyl groups binding to Fe and Zr species were involved in Pb(2+) adsorption. Fixed-bed column packed with Fe3O4@SA-Zr exhibited higher removal efficiency for Pb(2+)ions. Consequently, Fe3O4@SA-Zr with excellent absorbability, stability and reusability could be used as a promising adsorbent for Pb(2+) removal in wastewaters.

Bioadsorption of Pb(II) onto <i>Anethum</i> <i>graveolens</i> from Contaminated Wastewater: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

In the present study we reported the feasibility of the Anethum graveolens as biosorbent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Anethum graveolens was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. The ability of Anethum graveolens to adsorb Pb(II) was investigated by using batch adsorption procedure. The effects such as pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration and biosorbent dosage on the adsorption capacity were studied. The experimental data were analysed using various adsorption kinetic models viz., the pseudo-first and second-order equations, Bangham’s equation, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich models. Results show that the pseudo-second-order equation provides the best correlation for the biosorption process. The equilibrium nature of Pb(II) adsorption at 30℃ has been described by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. The equilibrium data fit well on Langmuir isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacity of Pb(II) onto Anethum graveolens as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 30℃ was found to be 303 mg/g. This high adsorption capacity of Anethum graveolens places this biosorbent as one of the best adsorbents for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous effluents.

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using nano-sized hydroxyapatite

This study investigated the sorption of Pb(II) in aqueous solution onto hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces. Batch experiments were carried out using synthetic HA. The effect of contact time, HA dosage, and initial pH on removal efficiency were also investigated. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of Pb(II) on this adsorbent were then examined at 25 °C. Kinetic data were analyzed by pseudo first, second, and intra-particle diffusion models. The sorption data were then correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Halsey, and Harkins–Jura adsorption isotherm models. The optimum dose of HA for Pb(II) removal is found to be 0.12 g/l with the removal efficiency of 97.3 % at an equilibrium contact time of 1 h. It is found that the adsorption kinetics of the Pb(II) on HA follow the pseudo second-order reaction. All the isotherms fitted well for experimental data. Capacity of HA is found as 357.14 mg Pb(II)/g of HA. The Pb(II) immobilization mechanism was studied. The results indicated that HA can be used as an effective adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution.

Simple in situ functionalizing magnetite nanoparticles by reactive blue-19 and their application to the effective removal of Pb2+ ions from water samples

An in situ method for direct attachment of reactive blue-19 onto the surface of magnetite nanoparticles to prepare an efficient adsorbent for removal of Pb2+ ion from water samples was proposed. The produced modified magnetite nanoparticles (MMNP) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized MMNP showed high adsorption capacity to removal of Pb2+ from wastewater samples. Lead ion adsorption process has been thoroughly studied from both kinetic and equilibrium points of view for adsorbent. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the five different isotherm models and correlation coefficients were determined for each isotherm. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm showed better correlation with the experimental data than other isotherms. The adsorption kinetics was tested for the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models at different experimental conditions. The kinetic data showed that the process is very fast and the adsorption process follows pseudo second order kinetic models for modified magnetite adsorbents. Thus, the new nanoparticles are favorable and useful for the removal of this metal ion, and the high adsorption capacity makes them good promising candidate materials for Pb2+ ion removal from water samples.

Role of Activated Carbon Modified by H3PO4and K2CO3From Natural Adsorbent for Removal of Pb (II) From Aqueous Solutions

Most heavy metals are well-known toxic and carcinogenic agents and when discharged into wastewater represent a serious threat to the human population and the fauna and flora of the receiving water bodies. The present study aims to develop a procedure for Pb (II) removal. This procedure is based on using powdered activated carbon, which was prepared from walnut shells that were generated as plant wastes and modified with potassium carbonate and phosphoric acid as chemical agents. The main parameters, such as effect of pH, effect of sorbent dosage, Pb (II) concentrations, and various contact times influence the sorption process. The experimental results were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption models. The kinetic study of Pb (II) on activated carbon from walnut shells was performed based on pseudo- first order and pseudo- second order equations. The data indicate that the adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo- second order rate. The procedure was successfully applied for Pb (II) removal from aqueous solutions.

Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of lead (II) biosorption on sesame leaf

Sesame leaf, an agricultural solid waste, was used as low cost adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution in batch mode. The biosorbent was characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The influences of phase contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentrations were investigated to optimize the conditions for maximum adsorption. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Koble-Corrigan isotherm models. The Koble-Corrigan and Langmuir isotherms best represented the measured biosorption data. According to an evaluation using the Langmuir equation, the adsorption capacity of the biosorbent was found to be 279.86 mg g-1, which was higher or comparable to the adsorption capacity of various adsorbents reported in the literature. The kinetics of adsorption of Pb(II) was evaluated by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models. The experimental data fitted very well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The intra-particle diffusion model is not a dominant rate controlling mechanism in the sorption of Pb(II). Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results indicated that sesame leaf can be used as an effective biosorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions.

Pigeon peas hulls waste as potential adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) and Ni(II) from water

In this study, pigeon peas hulls powder, a low-cost agricultural by-product, was used as adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption characteristics were explored using well-established and effective parameters including the effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration and temperature. Optimum adsorption of Pb(II) and Ni(II) was observed at pH 4.0. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption data fit well to pseudo-second-order model with high correlation coefficient. Langmuir model gives a better fit than the Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. Thermodynamic properties, i.e., ΔGo, ΔHo, and ΔSo showed that adsorption of Pb(II) and Ni(II) onto PPH was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible in the temperature range of 293–313K. The PPH powder can be used as an effective, low cost, and eco-friendly green adsorbent for the removal of selected metal ions from aqueous solution.

Role of modified activated carbon by H3PO4or K2CO3from natural adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions

Most heavy metals are well-known toxic and carcinogenic agents and when discharged into wastewater represent a serious threat to the human population and the fauna and flora of the receiving water bodies. The present study aims to develop a procedure for Pb(II) removal. The study was based on using powdered activated carbon, which was prepared from walnut shells generated as plant wastes and modified with potassium carbonate or phosphoric acid as chemical agents. The main parameters, such as effect of pH, effect of sorbent dosage, Pb(II) concentrations, and various contact times influence the sorption process. The experimental results were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption models. The kinetic study of Pb(II) on activated carbon from walnut shells was performed based on pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations. The data indicate that the adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo-second order rate. The procedure was successfully applied for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions.

Adsorptive removal of Pb 2+, Co 2+ and Ni 2+ by hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite from aqueous solution

In the present work hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HApC) composite was synthesized by precipitation method and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The HApC composite was tested for the adsorption of lead, cobalt and nickel from aqueous solution and compared its removal capacity with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Effect of various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on adsorption of metal ions onto HApC composite was investigated. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second order kinetics and intra-particle diffusion model. Equilibrium data were fitted well in the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The negative values of Gibb's free energy change (Δ G°) showed that the adsorption process was feasible and spontaneous in nature. The positive values of enthalpy change (Δ H°) indicated that the process was endothermic. The positive values of entropy change (Δ S°) showed increased randomness at the solid/solution interface.

Material conversion from paper sludge ash in NaOH solution to synthesize adsorbent for removal of Pb 2+, NH 4+ and PO 43− from aqueous solution

Abstract Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of inorganic pollutants, such as Pb 2+, NH 4 + and PO 4 3- from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6-48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases, gehlenite (Ca 2Al 2SiO 7) and anorthite (CaAl 2Si 2O 8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na 6Al 6Si 6O 24·8H 2O) was formed at 80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained unaffected. Katoite (Ca 3Al 2SiO 4(OH) 8) was formed over 120°C, and hydroxycancrinite (Na 8(OH) 2Al 6Si 6O 24·2H 2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb 2+, NH 4 +, and PO 4 3- were higher than that of raw ash. With increasing reaction temperature, the removal efficiencies of Pb 2+ and NH 4 + decreased due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal efficiency for PO 4 3- was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature.

Highly efficient adsorbents of poly( o-phenylenediamine) solid and hollow sub-microspheres towards lead ions: A comparative study

Two kinds of different-shaped poly( o-phenylenediamine) (P oPD) polymers: solid and hollow sub-microspheres with both size of about 700 nm synthesized by a solution route without any additional directing agents, were employed as efficient adsorbents for removal of Pb(ІІ) ions from water. Firstly, chemical structures of P oPD sub-microspheres were performed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), UV–vis, 1H NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and GPC analysis. When used as adsorbents, both P oPD hollow and solid sub-microspheres showed high adsorptivity and adsorption capacity towards Pb(ІІ) ions in water, and mechanisms of adsorption behaviors were revealed by XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). It was found that the pH and concentration of Pb(ІІ) ion solution, as well as contact time and adsorbent dosage affect the degree of adsorption. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of Pb(ІІ) ions onto P oPD sub-microspheres were also investigated according to experimental data. Comparative investigations of adsorption behaviors revealed that hollow sub-microspheres showed enhanced adsorptivity adsorption capacity towards Pb(ІІ) ions as compared with solid sub-microspheres typical at low adsorbent dosage. P oPD hollow sub-microspheres also showed good adsorptivity for other heavy-metal ions, such as Hg(ІІ), Cd(ІІ) and Cu(ІІ), which implied their potential applications as effective adsorbents for heavy-metal ions in water.