Resin Adsorption Research Articles

Boosting the rate performance of zinc-iodine batteries via electrostatic adsorption and catalysis of strong base ion resin grafted with cobalt phthalocyanine

The shuttle of iodine species is considered the obstacle to the application of aqueous zinc iodine (Zn-I2) batteries. Although cathode hosts with electrostatic adsorption to iodine species have been developed to suppress the shuttle effect of polyiodide, the strong interaction between polyiodide and hosts significantly slow down the kinetics of oxidation–reduction of iodine species. Here, a host with strong constraint and catalytic effects on iodine species based on strong base ion exchange resin is established, while the interaction and catalytic performance of hosts on iodine species is regulated by adjusting the functional group structure and the loading amount of quaternary ammonium cobalt phthalocyanine (QACoPc). UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemical characterization confirm that the iodine host suppresses the shuttle of polyiodide. Moreover, the kinetic analyses reveal that the introduction of QACoPc into host improves the redox kinetic process of iodine species. Consequently, the polymer-based Zn-I2 battery exhibits stable cycling ability (98.9 % retention rate after 2000 cycles at the current density of 10 C, 1 C: 160 mAh g−1) and excellent rate performance (150.6 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 105.9 mAh g−1 at 50 C) due to the strong constraint and catalytic effects of host on iodine species.

On the FT-ICR mass spectrometry analysis of dissolved organic matter released by adsorbent during coal chemical wastewater treatment

This study analyzed the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by adsorbent during wastewater treatment. It was found that the adsorption method resulted in an organic removal efficiency of over 97 % for coal-to-olefin (CTO) wastewater, with the lowest value of 15.7 mg/L. The Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) detected 4111 DOM in the wastewater, 4052 remaining DOM after first-stage anthracite (ANC) adsorption, and 1013 after second-stage macroporous adsorption resin (MAR). The removal degree of lipids in wastewater was the highest, followed by aliphatic/amino-acid/mini-peptides and lignin. During the adsorption process, the proportion of halogenated compounds (HCs) declined from 59.86 % to 38.63 % and 21.67 %. Additionally, freshly produced 2035 and 311 DOMs were found in the adsorption effluent of ANC and MAR, respectively, with HCs accounting for 34.71 % and 67.96 %. Upon flowing ultra-pure water through ANC and MAR, the effluent dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranges were 1.118–3.574 mg/L and 1.014–2.557 mg/L, respectively. There were 159 and 131 species of DOM detected, respectively, with HCs content of 59.06 % and 45.02 %. Comparative experiments revealed the complex components of the wastewater promoting the release of organic matter on the adsorbent surface that further reacted to generate organic matter. However, fewer substances were released by the adsorbent.

Synthesis of acrylate copolymer‐based super oil adsorption resins and their performances

AbstractIn this paper, an acrylate copolymer‐based oil adsorption resin was designed and synthesized by a suspension polymerization with octadecyl acrylate (SA) and butyl acrylate (BA) as monomers, divinylbenzene (DVB) as a cross‐linking agent, and toluene as a pore‐forming agent. By studying the synthesis conditions, the copolymer “SA‐BA‐DVB” (PSBA) with the best adsorption capacity was obtained, when the molar ratio between SA and BA was about 0.9, the content of the DVB and PVA 1788 was about 0.107 wt% and 1.0 wt%, respectively, accounting for the total mass amount of the monomers. Furthermore, by introducing 2% reactive silica nanoparticles (R‐SiO2), the performances of the PSBA were improved due to its increased hydrophobicity and activity space. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the resulted R‐SiO2/PSBA to kerosene, diesel oil, benzene, and p‐xylene was 31.90, 34.13, 39.44, and 41.81 mL/g, respectively, which is about 1.12 to 1.21 times higher than that of the PSBA. Also, the R‐SiO2/PSBA show brilliant oil retention rate of about 99% after centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 5 min and recycling ability which can be reusable for at least 10 absorption‐desorption cycles without capacity change, demonstrating that the obtained R‐SiO2/PSBA resin can be used as oil removing agents in the field of oil spill applications.Highlights R‐SiO2 modified acrylate copolymer as an oil adsorption resin was designed and synthesized. The influence of the monomers, cross‐linking agent, and others on the adsorption resin was systematically studied. The adsorption kinetics and performances of the adsorption resin were studied.

Comprehensive Screening and Characterization of α-glucosidase Inhibitory Components in the Edible Medicinal Plant Pholidota cantonensis Rolfe Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis and Molecular Docking.

Pholidota cantonensis Rolfe is an edible medicinal plant in the genus Pholidota of the family Orchidaceae. This plant is used to prepare medicated food in China and has been reported to possess anti-α-glucosidase activity. To date, little is known about the active substances responsible for the observed anti-α-glucosidase activity. In the present study, we aimed to screen and characterize the α-glucosidase inhibitory fraction of P. cantonensis using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) analysis and molecular docking. As a result, the 50% ethanol fraction obtained from D101 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography (D50 fraction) had the highest total phenol content (353.83 ± 6.06mg GAE/g) and the most prominent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 30.01 ± 7.30µg/mL). Forty-five compounds were identified from the D50 fraction by using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Molecular docking results showed that six main constituents, namely, crepidatin, 2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyl-9,10-dihydrophenylene, 4,4',5,6-tetrahydroxystilbene, 4,7-dihydroxy-2-methoxyl-9,10-dihydrophenylene, (-)-lariciresinol, and thunalbene, in the D50 fraction occupied the catalytic sites of α-glucosidase through strong hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and other patterns. The binding energies were between - 29.95 and - 11.41kJ/mol, indicating good binding between the tested compounds and α-glucosidase. The active ingredients responsible for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity may include phenanthrenes, stilbenes, dibenzyls, and lignans. The D50 fraction has potential value for developing innovative drugs for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is worthy of in-depth research.

Mixed-Mode Adsorption of l-Tryptophan on D301 Resin through Hydrophobic Interaction/Ion Exchange/Ion Exclusion: Equilibrium and Kinetics Study.

The adsorption of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) was studied based on the hydrophobic interaction/ion exchange/ion exclusion mixed-mode adsorption resin D301. Firstly, the interaction mode between l-Trp and resin was analyzed by studying the influence of pH variation on the adsorption capability and the dissociation state of l-Trp. Secondly, the adsorption mechanism was illuminated by studying the adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behaviors. The adsorption equilibrium and a kinetics model were constructed. The augmentation of pH gradually elicited an enhancement in the adsorption capacity of l-Trp. l-Trp existing in varied dissociation states could be adsorbed by the resin, and the interaction mode relied upon the pH of the solution. An integrated adsorption equilibrium model with the coadsorption of different dissociation states of l-Trp was developed and could predict the adsorption isotherms at various pH levels satisfactorily. Both external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion collectively imposed constraints on the mass transfer process of l-Trp onto the resin. An improved liquid film linear driving force model (ILM) was constructed, and the model provided a satisfactory fit for the adsorption kinetics curves of l-Trp at various pH levels. l-Trp molecules had a high mass transfer rate at a relatively low solution pH.

Screening and characterization of cosmetic efficacy components of Terminalia chebula based on biological activity-guided methodology.

Terminalia chebula exhibits a high level of antioxidant capacity and is highly valued in medicine and cosmetics. However, its main efficacy and active ingredients related to antioxidant, whitening, and anti-aging are still unclear. In this study, the active site responsible for its cosmetic efficacy was specified by the biological activity-guided method and further characterized by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). T.chebula was ultrasonically extracted by five solvents, and 30% ethanol extract was screened out for subsequent purification by 1,1-D-iphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl, and superoxide anion free radical scavenging assays. Five elution fractions were obtained by column chromatography on D101 macroporous adsorbent resin eluted by an increased proportion of ethanol. The 30% ethanol elution fraction was specified as the enrichment site of active ingredients showing good antioxidant capacity and potent inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and elastase. A total of 30 compounds were identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS in the 30% ethanol elution fraction, including 11 gallotannins, 14 ellagitannins, and 5 other compounds, and these compounds may be the key ingredients in cosmetics beneficial for the skin. Such a biological activity-guided method has provided a simple and rapid venue for specifying the components of medicinal herbs responsible for cosmetic efficacy.

Adsorption and desorption process for high recovery and purification of anthocyanins from (Clitoria ternatea L) using macroporous resins

The intense coloration of the petals of the butterfly bean flowers (Clitoria Ternatea L.) is attributed to high content of anthocyanins, which are considered as an antioxidant phytochemicals that have many health benefits. In this context, it is so important to implement a new method for the separation and purification of phenolic compounds. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the adsorption and desorption behavior of anthocyanins extracted from the petals of the butterfly bean flowers, using six different macroporous adsorption resins (XAD 2, XAD 4, XAD 7HP, DAX 8. XAD 1180 N and XAD 16), and to identify the best type of resin for anthocyains recovery from butterfly bean flowers extract. The XAD7HP and DAX8 resins showed high adsorption capacity, (248.55 ± 8.8 mg/g) and (228.84 ± 16.9 mg/g) at pH 5, and the highest recovery values for anthocyanins; (75.66 ± 1.1%) and (52.64 ± 1.2%), respectively. The Langmuir model described better the adsorption isotherm process on DAX 8, in turn, the experimental data of equilibrium were better fitted by Freundlich model for isotherm adsorption of anthocyanin on XAD7HP resin. The pseudo-second order model was the best to fit the experimental data of the adsorption kinetics at the different temperatures used. Both resins XAD 7HP and DAX 8 presented high recovery of anthocyanin, comparing with conventional extracted methods the purified anthocyanin using XAD 7HP and DAX 8 can be used as biological compounds with more purity for food and pharmaceutical applications.

Preparation of 6-Amino-N-hydroxyhexanamide-Modified Porous Chelating Resin for Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions.

The pollution of water bodies by heavy metal ions has recently become a global concern. In this experiment, a novel chelating resin, D851-6-AHHA, was synthesized by grafting 6-amino-N-hydroxyhexanamide (6-AHHA) onto the (-CH2N-(CH2COOH)2) group of the D851 resin, which contained a hydroxamic acid group, amide group, and some carboxyl groups. This resin was developed for the purpose of removing heavy metal ions, such as Cr(III) and Pb(II), from water. The findings from static adsorption experiments demonstrated the remarkable adsorption effectiveness of D851-6-AHHA resin towards Cr(III) and Pb(II). Specifically, the maximum adsorption capacities for Cr(III) and Pb(II) were determined to be 91.50 mg/g and 611.92 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics of heavy metal ions by D851-6-AHHA resin followed the quasi-second-order kinetic model, while the adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model. These findings suggest that the adsorption process was characterized by monolayer chemisorption. The adsorption mechanism of D851-6-AHHA resin was comprehensively investigated through SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS analyses, revealing a high efficiency of D851-6-AHHA resin in adsorbing Cr(III) and Pb(II). Specifically, the (-C(=O)NHOH) group exhibited a notable affinity for Cr(III) and Pb(II), forming stable multi-elemental ring structures with them. Additionally, dynamic adsorption experiments conducted using fixed-bed setups further validated the effectiveness of D851-6-AHHA resin in removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. In conclusion, the experimental findings underscored the efficacy of D851-6-AHHA resin as a highly efficient adsorbent for remediating water bodies contaminated by heavy metal ions.

Preparation and properties of a powdery resin for rapid adsorption of spill oils: 1‐octene‐isoprene‐trimethylolpropane triacrylate crosslinking copolymer

Preparation and properties of a powdery resin for rapid adsorption of spill oils: 1‐octene‐isoprene‐trimethylolpropane triacrylate crosslinking copolymer

Purification of xylosaccharides from eucalyptus residues for l‐lactic acid production by Weizmannia coagulans

AbstractIn this work, phosphoric acid pretreatment (0.6% H3PO4, 160 °C, 40 min) of eucalyptus residues was performed to recover the hemicellulosic fraction for further conversion to l‐lactic acid by fermentation with Weizmannia coagulans DSM 2314 (formerly Bacillus coagulans). The hemicellulosic hydrolysate was composed of xylosaccharides 24.8 g L–1 (mainly xylose, 20.3 g L–1), acetic acid 7.8 g L–1, furfural 0.7 g L–1, and acid‐soluble lignin (ASL) 2.1 g L–1. It was subsequently purified by using anion exchange or adsorption resins. Different liquor‐to‐resin ratios were evaluated to obtain a high concentration of xylosaccharides in the eluate and thorough removal of components that inhibit lactic fermentation. The best performance was observed when using Amberlite‐XAD‐4 resin at a liquor‐to‐resin ratio of 3:1. An eluted hydrolysate was obtained, preserving 80% of the xylosaccharides and effectively removing almost all furfural, 90% of ASL, and 32% of acetic acid. Subsequently, l‐lactic acid production by W. coagulans DSM 2314 was evaluated using concentrated nondetoxified and detoxified hydrolysate obtained with a vacuum oven. For the nondetoxified hydrolysate, 12 g L–1 of l‐lactic acid was obtained after 48 h showing a yield of 0.56 glactic acid gsugar–1 and a xylose consumption of 62%. The detoxification of the liquor significantly improved the fermentation performance of W. coagulans, resulting in a concentration of 16 g L–1 of lactic acid after 24 h, with a yield of 0.73 glactic acid gsugar–1, and almost complete xylose consumption.

Amino-modified microporous hyper-crosslinked resins for heavy metal ions adsorption

In this work, a high surface area micro/mesoporous hyper-crosslinked resin based on vinylbenzyl chloride and divinylbenzene is synthesized through a solvent-free polymerization followed by Friedel-Crafts alkylation. The hyper-crosslinked resin is then functionalized with amino moieties and the effect of the functionalization on the adsorption of metal ions is evaluated. After a chemical-physical characterization of the hyper-crosslinked resins, equilibrium adsorption tests of Pb(II) and Cu(II) in water are performed. The plain and amino-modified hyper-crosslinked resins (HCLR and HCLR-NH2) exhibit specific surface area (SSA) of about 1800 m2/g and 800 m2/g, respectively. They both exhibit micro/mesoporous structure, and their pore size distribution is modified upon functionalization. The amino-functionalization, while reducing prevalently the mesoporosity of the resin, does not significantly affect the micropores. HCLR-NH2 displays higher efficiency in removing both metal ions from aqueous solution compared to the unmodified resin. HCLR-NH2 is able to capture up to about 70 % of Pb(II) and up to about 48 % of Cu(II) dissolved in water at 5 mg/L concentration while in the same tests, HCLR captures about 25 % of Pb(II) and 17 % of Cu(II). The resins adsorption mechanisms follow the Langmuir model, suggesting a specific and functional groups-related adsorption mechanism. Therefore, the major adsorption capacity of HCLR-NH2 is to be primary attributed to the grafted amino moieties, which establish chelating interactions with the metal cations. Overall, results assess the relevance of the micropores and the amino functionalization to capture Pb and Cu ions via adsorption.

Cyclic Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Citric Acid-chitosan Variant Resins for Pb, Fe, and Zn Removal from Simulated Mining and Agricultural Wastewater System

Cyclic Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Citric Acid-chitosan Variant Resins for Pb, Fe, and Zn Removal from Simulated Mining and Agricultural Wastewater System

Study on adsorption of scandium by iminodiacetic acid resin TP207

Abstract Scandium (Sc) is a rare transition metal applied in unique electronic/alloy materials such as magnesium scandium alloy, aluminum scandium alloy, laser glass, superconductors, and electronic components. However, scandium is extremely hard to obtain. In this paper, the iminodiacetic acid resin TP207 was first applied for the recovery of scandium from a hydrochloric acid solution. The adsorption of Sc3+ by TP207 resin was analyzed by SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XPS. It was found that the best adsorption time was 2 hours with the equilibrium adsorption rate reaching 99%. The saturated adsorption amount of resin was 0.05g/ml. This process involves the ion exchange of scandium ions with sodium ions on the resin and the chemisorption of scandium with the -COO- group. Furthermore, the TP207 resin exhibited a quasi-second-order kinetic mechanism towards Sc3+, which was the rate of adsorption is proportional to the concentration of the reactants. In addition, the adsorption of resin for Sc3+ is an endothermic reaction by calculating the thermodynamic parameters, and there is a 3.6% difference in adsorption efficiency between the two cycle experiments. In a word, the TP207 resin is a very promising adsorbent for Sc beneficiation from the HCl system.

Process-unit coupling and integration strategy for the novel lignocellulosic biorefinery development based on systematic self-supply and recyclable xylonic acid pretreatment

A novel technological approach was explored to develop the green lignocellulose biorefinery with self-supply and recyclable xylonic acid (XA) pretreatment. Some key process-units were therefore designed and involved such as XA pretreatment (XAP), whole-cell catalysis (WCC) of xylose to XA, electrodialysis separation (EDSR) and recycle of XA and xylo-oligosaccharides, enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose (EHC). In term of the contamination troubles of degraded chemicals in EDSR, the anion exchange resin was also imported into the system to improve the separation and recycle of the degraded chemicals mixture. By comparison of varied integration modes with the above process-units on basis of the coupling mechanism study, the in-situ resin adsorption was combined into WCC to form the process-unit of IRA-WCC. A systematic integration strategy for every process-unit position and coupling mode was finally suggested for lignocellulose biorefinery development. Besides the full self-supply and recycle of XA catalyst, we obtained 121.15 g of xylo-oligosaccharides, 152.62 g of additional XA and 322.4 g of enzyme-hydrolyzed glucose from 1000 g of corncob with theoretical yields of 77.01% and 95.95% of xylan conversion and glucose harvest, respectively.

The Extraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Evaluation of Tea Saponin.

Tea saponins have high surface-active and biological activities and are widely used in chemicals, food, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Tea saponins are usually extracted using ethanol or water, but both methods have their disadvantages, including a negative impact on the environment, high energy consumption, and low purity. In this study, we explored an effective process for extracting tea saponins from tea meal using deep eutectic solvents combined with ultrasonic extraction and enzymatic techniques. The experimental results showed that a high extraction efficiency of 20.93 ± 0.48% could be achieved in 20 min using an ultrasonic power of 40% and a binary DES consisting of betaine and ethylene glycol (with a molar ratio of 1:3) at a material-liquid ratio of 1:35 and that the purity of the tea saponins after purification by a large-pore adsorption resin reached 95.94%, which was higher than that of commercially available standard tea saponin samples. In addition, the extracted tea saponins were evaluated for their antioxidant and bacteriostatic activities using chemical and biological methods; the results showed that the tea saponins extracted using these methods possessed antioxidant properties and displayed significant antibacterial activity. Therefore, the present study developed a method for using deep eutectic solvents as an environmentally friendly technological solution for obtaining high-purity tea saponins from tea meal oil. This is expected to replace the current organic solvent and water extraction process and has great potential for industrial development and a number of possible applications.

Nano temperature-switchable supramolecular solvent: Preparation, characterization and application in efficient extraction and enrichment of phytochemicals

In this study, a nano temperature-switchable supramolecular solvent (NTS-SUPRAS) system was designed, prepared and characterized for efficient extraction and enrichment of phytochemicals, the extraction mechanism was also investigated. The NTS-SUPRAS was synthesized by natural deep eutectic (NADES), 1,2-Propanediol and water, then the ternary phase diagrams were plotted according to their mass fractions. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), conductivity and FT-IR were used to characterize the solvent, and an exciting discovery was the nanoscale of NTS-SUPRAS. The particle size of its reverse micelles self- aggregated was positively correlated to the water content, which was increased from 3.8 nm to 77.9 nm as the water content increased from 5 % to 20 %. Temperature-switchable of NTS-SUPRAS was proved by the appearance of phase separation when regulate temperature from 25 °C to 10 °C. Then, six phytochemicals in Cajanus cajan(Linn.) leaves were efficiently extracted and enriched by vortex-assisted extraction. The extraction factors such as solid–liquid ratio, vortex time, NADES content and water content were optimized using the one-factor optimization method and response surface analysis to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The results showed that the extraction efficiency of NTS-SUPRAS was 1.18–2.32 folds higher than that of traditional solvents for different polar substances, and the total extraction yield could be reached 21.13 mg/g. The phytochemicals were highly recovered by temperature-switching and macroporous adsorption resin with a recovery rate up to 98.6 %, and the reusability of NTS-SUPRAS could still keep at 90.43 % of the initial one after three cycles. Finally, the extraction mechanism of NTS-SUPRAS was investigated using density functional theory (DFT), founding that the hydrogen bonding between NTS-SUPRAS and the phytochemicals was attributed to the high extraction rate. This nano temperature-switchable supramolecular solvent has the advantages of green, low cost, simple preparation, high extraction rate, easy recycling and good reusability, which is suitable for industrialized application and production. In addition, the nanoscale and the temperature-switchable characteristics also provide new prospects for high-value utilization of phytochemicals.

Hyper-Cross-Linked Resin Modified by a Micropore Polymer for Gas Adsorption and Separation.

Polymerization confined to the pore was first adapted for the nanoscale structure adjustment of adsorption resin. The self-cross-linked polymer (P-1) formed in the pore of hyper-cross-linked resin (HR) by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of p-dichloroxylene (p-DCX), occupying the macropore of the HR resin and bringing about an external micropore. Compared with the raw HR resin, the volume of the micropore of HR@P-1 in 0.4 < D < 1 nm increased but the volume of the macropore has obviously decreased. After the loading of P-1 in the nanopore of HR, HR@P-1 has better gas adsorption performance. At 298 and 100 KPa, the adsorption capacity of CO2 is almost 30% higher than that of HR, reaching 35.7 cm3/g, due to the increase in the smaller micropore volume. Moreover, HR@P-1 has also been found to be the first C2H6-selective adsorption resin. The uptake of C2H6 is up to 56 cm3/g, and the IAST selectivity of C2H6/CH4 reaches 15.3. HR@P-1 can also separate syngas efficiently at ambient temperature and be regenerated by simple vacuum operation.

Exploring flavor separation in soy protein enzymatic hydrolysates via resin adsorption/desorption: A study on physicochemical characteristics and mass transfer dynamics

The green separation of soy protein enzymatic hydrolysates (SPEH) with different flavors can enhance the application of SPEH in the food industry. This study investigated the detailed process of separating and purifying SPEH by utilising the interaction between SPEH and adsorptive resins, and the mass transfer behaviour of SPEH in the adsorptive resin was explored by a mathematical model. Initially, soybean meal underwent hydrolysis by papain. Subsequently, the resulting SPEH was adsorbed onto the resin under various pH conditions and then desorbed. In general, SPEH exhibited a greater ability to bind with the resin under protonation treatment (pH 3.0) compared to deprotonation treatment (pH 9.0). The equilibrium adsorption capacity at pH 3.0 and 9.0 was 33.1 ± 1.7 mg g−1 and 24.1 ± 0.9 mg g−1, respectively. At the same time, SPEH exhibited greater surface diffusivity within the resin during adsorption at pH 3.0 (2.83 × 10−8 cm2 s−1) compared to pH 9.0 (2.41 × 10−8 cm2 s−1). Due to the robust binding affinity of SPEH with the resin in the acidic environment, a smaller quantity of SPEH was released from the resin during the subsequent desorption process. Furthermore, the bitter SPEH, characterised by an abundance of random coil and β-turn structures, demonstrated greater affinity for binding with the adsorptive resin compared to the salty and umami SPEH, which exhibited a higher proportion of β-sheet structure. After adsorption at pH levels ranging from 3.0 to 9.0 and subsequent desorption, the recovery of SPEH ranged from 30.4 % to 35.7 %, with purities between 57.5 % and 62.3 %. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the targeted separation of various flavor components from SPEH, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of adsorption and desorption processes under different pH conditions.

Protective Effect of the Total Alkaloid Extract from Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae in a Mouse Model of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

In recent years, the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been increasing year by year, but therapeutic drugs has no breakthrough. The total alkaloid extract from Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae (BFP-TA) is widely used in treating lung diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of BFP-TA in COPD mice. BFP-TA was prepared by macroporous adsorbent resin, and the material basis of BFP-TA was analyzed by HPLC-ELSD and UHPLC-MS/MS. Then, the COPD mouse model was induced by cigarette smoke (CS) for 12 weeks, administered at weeks 9-12. Subsequently, the body weight, lung-body ratio, pulmonary function, histopathology, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress markers in the serum of mice were determined. The expressions of related protein of EMT and MAPK signaling pathways in the lung tissues of mice were detected by Western blot. The alkaloid relative content of BFP-TA is 64.28%, and nine alkaloids in BFP-TA were identified and quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS. Subsequently, the animal experiment showed that BFP-TA could improve pulmonary function, and alleviate inflammatory cell infiltration, pulmonary emphysema, and collagen fiber deposition in the lung of COPD mice. Furthermore, BFP-TA could decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), MMPs (MMP-9 and MMP-12) and MDA, while increase the levels of TIMP-1 and SOD. Moreover, BFP-TA could decrease the protein expressions of collagen I, vimentin, α-SMA, MMP-9, MMP-9/TIMP-1, Bax, p-JNK/JNK, p-P38/P38, and p-ERK/ERK, while increase the level of E-cadherin. This study is the first to demonstrate the protective effect of BFP-TA in CS-induced COPD mouse model. Furthermore, BFP-TA may improve airway remodeling by inhibiting the EMT process and potentially exert anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.

Isolation and identification of malonyl ginsenoside-Ra_1 and malonyl ginsenoside-Ra_2 from fresh roots of Panax ginseng

The aim of this paper is to study the malonyl ginsenosides in the fresh roots of Panax ginseng. D101 macroporous adsorption resin, ODS, and preparative HPLC were employed to separate the chemical components from the 70% ethanol extract of the fresh roots of P. ginseng, and the structures of the separated compounds were identified based on the data of high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Two malonyl ginsenosides were isolated from the fresh roots of P. ginseng and identified as 3-O-\[6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl\]-20-O-\[ β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl\]-dammar-24-ene-3β,12β,20S-triol(1) and 3-O-\[6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl\]-20-O-\[ β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl\]-dammar-24-ene-3β,12β,20S-triol(2), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds isolated from fresh roots of P. ginseng for the first time and named as malonyl ginsenoside-Ra_1 and malonyl ginsenoside-Ra_2, respectively.