Zeolite Adsorption Research Articles

A Review on Development of Porous Aluminosilicate-Based Zeolite Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Pollution Treatment

Heavy metal contamination endangers human health and has been identified as a global issue. The rising concentration of heavy metals in industrial and domestic wastewater has prompted the quest for effective technologies and treatments to remove them. Zeolite is a promising material for eliminating heavy metals from diverse sources that pollute wastewater. Zeolite is a crystal comprised of hydrated aluminosilicates of alkali and alkaline earth metals in a threedimensional crystal network composed of easily controllable SiO4 4− and AlO4 5− . This review focuses on the critical analysis of the application of several zeolites for the adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater, namely Cd(II), As(III and V), Cr(III and VI), Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), and Hg(II). The results of heavy metal removal reported by zeolites are summarized, and the chemical modification of zeolites with acid/base/salt reagents, surfactants, and metal reagents has been investigated, compared, and discussed. The adsorption/desorption capabilities, systems, operational parameters, isotherms, and kinetics of zeolites are then explained and compared.

Micro- and Mesoporous Structural Effects of Beta Zeolites for Volatile Organic Compound Sorption.

To fully exploit pore engineering in the design of more efficient zeolite adsorbents for volatile organic compound (VOC) treatment, the roles of meso- and micropores need to be clarified to provide the theoretical basis and feasible measures. In this work, the three VOC sorption properties of conventional and hierarchical porous beta zeolites were comparatively investigated to study the roles of meso- and micropores. There is a division of functions between micro- and mesopores, with micropores being the main VOC adsorption sites and mesopores greatly enhancing VOC diffusion and adsorbent reusability. On the one hand, micropores should be preserved as much as possible because obtaining mesopores by sacrificing micropores (i.e., alkali treatment) results in 28-60% decreases in adsorption capacities. On the other hand, mesopore introduction is highly desirable, which results in an enhancement of VOC intraparticle diffusion rates by 1.3-2.3 times (at the VOC concentration of 600 ppm) and chlorobenzene adsorption capacity on the 20th cycle increasing from 78% of the initial value to 89 and 93%. The findings may provide valuable information about zeolite-based adsorbents for adsorption removal or recovery of VOCs.

Tackling the challenge of efficient VOCs removal across varied molecular sizes over zeolite adsorbent under humid conditions

Efficient removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with different molecular sizes over a single zeolite remains a great challenge, especially under humid conditions. Here, we introduced an innovative base leaching strategy to construct hierarchical pores within high-silica MFI zeolite on premise of maintaining a similar high micropore volume. The key points were the introduction of Al3+ and B3+ as pore directing agents into the base solution and meticulous regulation of the acid washing process. Because of the introduction of mesopores, the adsorption capacities for m-xylene increased by 16.1 times compared to that on conventional MFI adsorbent. Meanwhile, it exhibited comparable adsorption capacities for smaller VOCs, including dichloromethane and toluene. The adsorption capacities for ethanol showed a notable increase, accompanied by a decrease in the desorption temperature. This was attributed to the generation of additional silanol adsorption sites, as confirmed by 1H MAS NMR and in situ FT-IR spectra. Moreover, the optimal adsorbent presented good regeneration performance throughout the four dynamic adsorption–desorption cycling tests for all VOCs.

Catalytic ozonation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid wastewater by Fe-La@ZE catalyst

This study developed a salt-tolerant multimetal ozone catalyst Fe-La@Zeolite (Fe-La@ZE) and effectively catalyzed the ozone depletion of high-salinity 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid wastewater (2,4-D) and an entropy to evaluate the comprehensive gray cluster analysis model was created using catalytic ozonation conditions. Characterization results show that Fe-La@ZE has a developed pore structure and Fe and La are successfully loaded into the interior and surface of the zeolite support, which are in the form of α-Fe2O3 and La2O3. The COD removal rate of zeolite adsorption, ozone oxidation alone and catalyzed ozone oxidation with empty zeolite support are 4.9 %, 46.5 % and 57.5 %. The removal rates of COD, total phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol by catalytic ozonation under the conditions of pH = 0.89, ozone dose of 0.2 g/L, catalyst filling rate of 10 % and height to diameter ratio of the reactor 6:1 are 84.2 %, 87.8 % and 99.0 % respectively. Hydroxy radicals (OH) and superoxide radicals (O2) are the main active substances that catalyze the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in the ozone oxidation system. Water quality characterization shows that most phenolic organic compounds and macromolecular organic acids are broken down and converted into intermediate products. The comprehensive analysis model of entropy gray clustering is used to evaluate the operating condition data of the catalytic ozonation treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid wastewater with the Fe-La@ZE catalyst and determine the optimal operating condition.

Sodium chloride-activated polymeric ferric sulfate-modified natural zeolite (Z-Na-Fe): Application of bio-slow filtration for the removal of ammonia and phosphorus from micro-polluted cellar water

In rural areas, inhabitants utilize water cellars to store natural rainwater for drinking, and bio-slow filtration emerges as a fitting approach for treating such small-scale, minimally contaminated drinking water sources. In this study, sodium chloride-activated polymeric ferric sulfate-modified natural zeolite (Z-Na-Fe) was synthesized by impregnation and applied to degrade simulated micropolluted cellar water in bio-slow filtration. The slow filtration column required only 25 d to complete the natural membrane hanging and had the best purification effect and stability. It maintained an average removal rate of 82.81 % for ammonia nitrogen and 77.30 % for phosphorus during the stable operation. The modifications involving sodium chloride and polymerized iron sulfate enhanced zeolite adsorption and increased microbial diversity in the slow filtration column. This study proposes a feasible solution for rural drinking water treatment.

Monte Carlo simulation of ammonia adsorption in high-silica zeolites for refrigeration applications

Climate change and the continual rise in cooling demand means more efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration technologies are required more than ever. One attractive route to reducing future demand is to improve adsorption refrigeration technologies based on natural refrigerants such as ammonia. The choice of ammonia adsorbent plays an important role in achieving improved refrigeration efficiency and suitable operating conditions. This paper reports a detailed study on the suitability of zeolites as an adsorbent of ammonia in refrigeration applications. Systematic Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to study ammonia adsorption in five high-silica zeolites with a wide range of pores sizes and porosities. Simulations were carried out at temperatures between -50 and 50°C and pressures up to 4.0 bar. It is found that zeolites, in particular the ones with large porosities, could be very good ammonia adsorbents for adsorption refrigeration applications, since their use allows for large refrigeration capacities and tuneable operating conditions with good coefficients of performance (COP).

Variasi Waktu Bleaching dan Jenis Adsorben untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Minyak Ikan Silase Bandeng

Milkfish is often processed into various products due to its nutritious and delicious taste. However, these production activities inevitably generate waste in the form of heads, bones, and offal, which are underutilized and contribute to environmental problems. Milkfish waste, which still contains a high-fat content, can be utilized to produce fish oil using the silage method. The pale and clear color of fish oil is one of the factors affecting consumer acceptance. This study aimed to determine the quality of fish oil derived from milkfish silage. Two factors were applied: bleaching time (10, 15, and 20 minutes) and various adsorbents (bentonite, activated carbon, and zeolite), treated as experimental variables. The results showed that the type of adsorbent and the duration of bleaching significantly affected (p<0.05) the quality characteristics of fish oil. The best results in this study were observed in samples subjected to a bleaching time of 20 minutes treatment with zeolite adsorbent, with a yield value of 95.91±0.25%. The color (L) was observed at 34.25±0.40; clarity at 98,35±0,50 %T; specific gravity at 0,833±0,00 g/mL; acid number at 0,28±0,00 mgKOH/g, free fatty acids at 0,13±0,00%, peroxide number at 0,60±0,14 mEq/kg. Overall, all treatments' physical and chemical characteristics, on average, have met the standard quality criteria established by SNI, IFOS, IFOMA, Draft CAC, and Farmakope.

Enhanced toluene adsorption over carbon–silica composite with promoted microporosity and moisture resistance

Herein, carbon–silica composite materials were prepared by introducing biomass-derived carbon into the channels of silica gel by concurrent thermal carbonization and chemical etching. With the optimized preparation parameters, a trade-off for the microporosity, carbon contents and toluene adsorption capacity was realized. Moreover, the TEM-EDS spectra evidenced that the carbon generated by chemical activation was homogeneously dispersed in the channels of the silica gel. Notably, when used in toluene adsorption, high adsorption capacity, desorption efficiency and regenerability were simultaneously achieved on the carbon–silica composite sample, along with superb water resistance (up to 80 RH%), as contrasted with the performances of the commercial zeolite adsorbents. Finally, except for the toluene, the composite material demonstrated good adsorption capacity and desorption efficiency for a series of common VOCs species (including acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane) as well, but the adsorption towards less polar adsorbates, such as n-hexane and toluene, was more favorable.

Control of Zeolite Local Polarity toward Efficient Xenon/Krypton Separation.

The inherent inertness and striking physicochemical similarities of krypton and xenon pose significant challenges to their separation. Reported herein is the efficient xenon capture and xenon/krypton adsorptive separation by transition metal-free zeolites under ambient conditions. The polarized environment of zeolite, denoted as local polarity, can be tuned by changing the topology, framework composition, and counter-cations, which in turn correlates with the guest-host interaction and separation performance. Chabazite zeolite with a framework Si/Al ratio of 2.5 and Ca2+ as the counter-cations, namely, Ca-CHA-2.5, is developed as a state-of-the-art zeolite adsorbent, showing remarkable performance, i.e., high dynamic xenon uptake, high xenon/krypton separation selectivity, and good recyclability, in the adsorptive separation of the xenon/krypton mixture. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation reveals that extraframework Ca2+ cations act as the primary binding sites for xenon and can stabilize xenon molecules together with the chabazite framework, whereas krypton molecules are stabilized by weak guest-host interaction with the zeolite framework.

The Current Understanding of Mechanistic Pathways in Zeolite Crystallization.

Zeolite catalysts and adsorbents have been an integral part of many commercial processes and are projected to play a significant role in emerging technologies to address the changing energy and environmental landscapes. The ability to rationally design zeolites with tailored properties relies on a fundamental understanding of crystallization pathways to strategically manipulate processes of nucleation and growth. The complexity of zeolite growth media engenders a diversity of crystallization mechanisms that can manifest at different synthesis stages. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of classical and nonclassical pathways associated with the formation of (alumino)silicate zeolites. We begin with a brief overview of zeolite history and seminal advancements, followed by a comprehensive discussion of different classes of zeolite precursors with respect to their methods of assembly and physicochemical properties. The following two sections provide detailed discussions of nucleation and growth pathways wherein we emphasize general trends and highlight specific observations for select zeolite framework types. We then close with conclusions and future outlook to summarize key hypotheses, current knowledge gaps, and potential opportunities to guide zeolite synthesis toward a more exact science.

Synthesis of hydrophobic CuCl/LaA modified by butyltrichlorosilane towards enhanced CO adsorption under humid environment

Cuprous ion modified molecular sieves have been considered as promising CO adsorbents in gas separation or purification industry. However, it persists as a significant challenge to overcome the unfavorable effect of water vapor in the work environment on gas adsorption and separation. Herein, we propose a synthetic strategy using rare earth element La as an additive to form LaOLa coordination bonds followed by surface silanization treatment to construct a hydrophobic SiOSi barrier to significantly improve the stability of Cu+ under humid atmosphere. By successively introducing La3+ and Cu+ into zeolite 5A, CuCl/LaA adsorbents were prepared via ion exchange and solid dispersion methods. And then by silanization modification using toluene as solvent and butyltrichlorosilane (BTS) as hydrophobic agent, hydrophobic CuCl/LaA-BTS adsorbents were prepared. Dynamic adsorption investigation demonstrated that the as-prepared CuCl/LaA-BTS adsorbents possessed hydrophobic surface and consequently the adsorption capacity of CO was enhanced significantly under humid atmosphere. The CO adsorption breakthrough capacity over CuCl/LaA-BTS attained 0.34 mg/g, which was 5.7 times higher than that of zeolite 5A at 40 °C, atmospheric pressure and a relative humidity of RH = 55 %. Moreover, the CO adsorption capacity of CuCl/LaA-BTS retained 0.31 mg/g after four cycle regenerations. This work provides an effective and novel route for synthesizing highly stable cuprous ion modified zeolite adsorbents.

Fundamental insights into the variety of factors that influence water/alcohol membrane permeation selectivity

The primary objective of this article is to develop a fundamental understanding of water/methanol and water/ethanol mixture permeation across microporous membrane constructs. Configurational-Bias Monte Carlo (CBMC) simulations were undertaken for water/methanol and water/ethanol mixture adsorption in all-silica zeolites (CHA, DDR, FAU, LTA) and ZIF-8. Additionally, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were used to determine the intra-crystalline diffusivities in water/alcohol mixtures. The combination of CBMC and MD simulations allow the calculation of membrane permeation selectivities. This study provides insights into the influence of the structural properties of the microporous layer on the permeation selectivity. Another key result that emerges is that the water/alcohol permeation selectivity becomes increasingly in favor of water as the feed mixtures becomes richer in alcohol. The reason for the dependence can be traced to strong hydrogen bonding between water and alcohol molecular pairs resulting in cluster formation and enhanced water ingress; these results provide a rationalization of a number of membrane permeation studies in the literature. A corollary to the reported results is that the use of the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) is unable to provide a quantitative description of mixture adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamic non-idealities need to be accounted for in modelling membrane permeation of water/alcohol mixtures.

Cation Dependence of Gas Adsorption in Clinoptilolite and RHO Zeolites Using Monte Carlo Simulation: A Linear Model

Cation Dependence of Gas Adsorption in Clinoptilolite and RHO Zeolites Using Monte Carlo Simulation: A Linear Model

Effectiveness of activated zeolite adsorber in decreased soot emission and increased oxygen concentration from combustion smokes of polyvinyl chloride plastic

Polyvinyl Chloride plastic waste is becoming an increasingly urgent global environmental issue. Combustion PVC plastic waste can have significant negative impacts on human health. To overcome these problems, this research was conducted by utilizing zeolite as an adsorbent for PVC combustion smokes. The research methodology is zeolite activation, adsorber design and gas adsorption process through dry adsorption method which is the core of this research. This study will evaluate oxygen concentration and soot emissions. Before being given a zeolite adsorbent, the oxygen concentration produced in PVC combustion smokes was only 17.2% with high soot levels as evidenced by the blackened smoke color. Furthermore, after being given an adsorbent in the form of activated zeolite as much as 283.5 grams, the oxygen concentration produced increased significantly to 20.9% followed by a decrease in soot emission levels as evidenced by changes in the color of whitened smoke. Based on the test results related to the increase in oxygen concentration and the decrease in soot emission levels, it can be concluded that activated zeolite has a high effectiveness in carrying out the PVC combustion smoke adsorption process by producing particles of carbon and oxygen within the normal threshold in the air.

Fast start-up of partial nitrification for high-ammonia wastewater treatment using zeolite with in-situ bioregeneration

Partial nitrification (PN) has been successfully applied in treating wastewater with medium or low concentrations of ammonia, whereas the treatment of high-concentration ammonia wastewater remains a great challenge due to the inhibition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by excessive free ammonia (FA). In this study, the zeolite adsorption and bioregeneration synergy were utilized to enhance the PN of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) for treating high-ammonia wastewater (500– 1000 mg NH4+-N/L). The SBRs with natural zeolite (N-Zeolite) and modified zeolite (M-zeolite) could successfully start-up within 8 days (90 % ammonia nitrogen removal (ANR) and 71 % nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) for SBR with N-Zeolite, and 81 % ANR and 84 % NAR for SBR with M-Zeolite), while the SBR without adding zeolite failed to start-up (40 % ANR). The PN enhancement may be attributed to the rapid adsorption of NH4+ by zeolite and the subsequent bioregeneration in an SBR cycle, which allowed a lower ammonia level in the bulk solution and alleviated the inhibition of FA on AOB, thus enabling a sustainable PN. Compared with M-zeolite, N-zeolite may be more practical for high-ammonia wastewater treatment owing to its fair performance, low cost, and simple maintenance. These results revealed that the “adsorption”-”saturation”-”desorption” process of zeolite was favored to construct a virtuous cycle of nitrification-pH-FA equilibrium in SBRs, which broadens the knowledge of biotransformation in high-ammonia wastewater and in-situ regeneration mechanism of zeolite and provides a highly efficient and practical method for treating high-ammonia wastewater.

Preparation and Characterization of Cocoa Shell - Pahae Natural Zeolite as a Metal Adsorption Material for Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) in Water

Research has been conducted on an adsorber made from cocoa shell activated charcoal and Pahae Natural Zeolite, designed as an absorber for Fe and Mn metals in well water purification. The cocoa shell were screened with a 100-mesh sieve, followed by carbonization to generate activated charcoal. In parallel, Pahae Natural Zeolite underwent a similar sieving process with a 100-mesh screen and was subsequently chemically activated using a 2.5 M NaOH solution. The compositions of the cocoa shell activated charcoal - Pahae Natural Zeolite adsorber were varied as follows (wt%): 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25. These mixtures were then compressed using a hydraulic press with a load of 6 tons for a duration of 10 minutes. The resulting samples underwent physical activation at different temperatures (300°C, 320°C, 340°C) for 30 minutes. The adsorber was subjected to characterization to ascertain its physical properties (porosity, adsorption capacity, density), mechanical properties (compressive strength and hardness), surface morphology, and elemental composition (SEM-EDX). The outcomes of the tests demonstrated the efficacy of the cocoa shell activated charcoal - zeolite based adsorber in significantly reducing iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) levels, with a remarkable reduction in Fe content by 99.76% and Mn content by 99.70%.

Physicochemical and Fatty Acid Profile of Refined Tuna Fish Oil By-Product from Canning and Meal Fish Industries

Fish oil by-product (FOB) recovered from the precooking process in the cannery industry and the pressing process in fish meal production are potential resources. However, this fish oil still needs a refinery process to improve the quality of fish oil. This study aimed to identify the physicochemical characteristics of the initial fish oil by-product, the physicochemical profiles, and fatty acids of the fish oil by-product after degumming neutralization and bleaching (bentonite, zeolite, and carbon adsorbents) processes from the cannery and fish meal industry. Results showed the initial physicochemical characteristics of fish oil waste from fish flour have lower quality than canned products (acid value, free fatty acids, PV, AV, TOTOX value, viscosity, and refractive index) but are inversely proportional to the iodine value. Results showed degumming (D) and neutralization (N) processes from the Fish oil canning process (FCP) and Fish oil meal process (FMP) could improve the quality parameters of fish oil by-products by reducing the acid value (7.90, 0.65, 9.17, 0.58 mg KOH/g), respectively; free fatty acid (3.97, 0.33, 4.60, 0.29 % oleic) respectively; peroxide value (PV) (15.18, 7.38, 17.64, 7.10 mEq/kg), respectively; anisidine value (AV) (14.36, 6.61, 14.64, 6.51) respectively; total oxidation (TOTOX) value (44.72, 21.37, 49.64, 20.71) respectively; and iodine (167, 153, 163, 155 mg/100 g), respectively as well as increasing the lightness (23.80, 25.70, 20.65, 26.00), respectively. In the bleaching process (B), zeolite (15 %) was an effective adsorbent to obtain oil with the best quality parameters due to zeolite possessed greater polarity and surface area at a higher concentration, which resulted in the acid value for FCP and FMP (0.26, 0.22 mg KOH/g); free fatty acid (0.13, 0.15 % oleic); PV (2.44, 5.71 mEq/kg); AV (2.5, 4.9); TOTOX value (7.16, 9.11); and iodine (138, 151 mg/100 g) as well as increasing the lightness (37.08, 36.74) that are appropriate to International Fishmeal & Oil Manufacturers Association (IFOMA), Codex Alimentarius Committee (CAC), and International Fish Oils Standards (IFOS) standards (p < 0.05). All adsorbents effectively increase the brightness of the FOB. The higher the concentration of adsorbents, the higher the clarity of the FOB. For zeolite absorbents, there was an increase of 16.73 - 32.3 % for FCP and 15.39 - 32.69 % for FMP, but the viscosity decreased with a range of 24.50 - 36.50 cPs. FCP contains 14 fatty acids, while FMP contains 12 fatty acids. The number of SFA and MUFA detected in FCP is lower than in FMP. In contrast, the amount of PUFA in FCP is relatively higher than in FMP. The percentage of EPA and DHA in FCP is lower than in FMP. Overall, the refining process affects the fatty acid composition of fish oil by-products both in the canning process and in fish meal. HIGHLIGHTS Fish oil by-product (FOB) of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from the fish canning process (CP), and fish meal process (MP) streams were successfully purified through a chemical process which was by IFOMA, CAC, and IFOSH standards Zeolite resulted in the best fish oil quality at higher concentrations The Final Fish oil canning process (FCP) was mainly composed of linoleic, whereas the Fish oil meal process (FMP) was highly distributed in oleic and palmitic acid The sum of PUFA in FCP after bleaching was relatively higher than in FMP GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Removal of arsenic(V) using pure zeolite (PZ) and activated dithizone zeolite (ADZ) from aqueous liquids: application to green analytical chemistry

The primary aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the efficiency of pure zeolite and activated dithizone zeolite for arsenic(V) removal from aqueous solutions. The analytical eco-scale and analytical greenness for sample preparation results confirm that the proposed method is environmentally friendly. Zeolite adsorbents were characterized and tested for their ability to adsorb arsenic(V) from wastewater. Our study delved into arsenic(V) sorption behavior on pristine and activated zeolites. Through steady-state experiments using pure zeolite and activated dithizone zeolite, we examined the sorption of arsenic from aqueous solutions. We optimized operational parameters, including pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and arsenic(V) concentration. Our findings revealed that the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isothermal models were highly influential in fitting the experimental data, resulting in statistically significant outcomes. This study highlights the potential of zeolites as outstanding adsorbents for removing arsenic(V) from aqueous solutions. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of pure zeolite and activated dithizone zeolite was 18.2 and 21.1(mg/g), respectively, with R2 = 0.999. According to Freundlich’s linear model, the experimental isothermal data indicated that activated dithizone zeolite has a higher value of kf constant and a lower value of the 1/n constant than that obtained for pure zeolite. These results imply favorable adsorption of arsenic(V) on activated dithizone zeolite.Graphical abstract

The Use of GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) and Zeolite as an Adsorbent to Reduce The Concentration of Phosphate in Laundry Wastewater

The growth of the laundry business increases every year along with population growth, however the laundry waste produced is generally thrown straight into the drain and flows into water bodies without prior treatment. The threshold limits for laundry wastewater quality standards for phosphate content, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) are 10 mg/L respectively based on East Java Governor Regulation No. 72 of 2013. Disposing of laundry waste directly in large quantities into water bodies can have negative effects on the ecosystem in water bodies and water pollution problems. This research aims to determine the efficiency of using GAC and zeolite adsorbents in reducing phosphatelevels in laundry liquid waste. Based on the impact that can pollute water bodies, it is necessary to process laundry liquid waste. One of the processing methods used is the adsorption method, the adsorption process is carried out using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and zeolite with a batch system. This research uses liquid wastewater samples from laundry businesses. The variations used in this research are the adsorbent mass, and contact time. The results obtained from this research include SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopes) test results and the percentage reduction in phosphatelevels using GAC and zeolite adsorbents in batch systems. The research results show that the optimum adsorbent mass is 12 grams of adsorbent mixed with GAC and zeolite with a contact time of 150 minutes with a percentage reduction in phosphate levels of 57.14%. The phosphate values of laundry liquid waste after processing with adsorbent mass, adsorbent composition and optimum contact time are 6.5 mg/L.

Intensifikasi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Laboratorium Melalui Proses Koagulasi dan Adsorpsi Studi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Laboratorium dengan Metode Kombinasi Fisika-Kimia

Laboratory is one of the generators of hazardous liquid waste derived from chemicals used in practice and research. The waste is very dangerous when discharged into the environment because of the pollutants it contains. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the waste before it is disposed of to minimize the impact of pollution caused by the waste. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of zeolite adsorbents and activated carbon in reducing COD, TSS, and Cr heavy metals. Waste treatment is carried out by coagulation and adsorption methods. The adsorption process is performed using two types of adsorbents: zeolite and activated carbon. This study was carried out by variing the mass of the adsorbents at the time of complaining for 120 minutes in batches. Variations in the masses of the used 3, 5, 7, and 10 grams of adsorbenes. The results of the study showed that the more adsorbanes used, the higher the reduction of pollutant levels. The use of 10 grams of activated carbon adsorbents can reduce TSS pollutants levels of 92%, COD 95%, Cr 65%, and pH 5,0-6,38.