Adsorption Of Different Metal Ions Research Articles

Role of SiO2, TiO2, and Fe3O4 adsorbed on glycine for remediation of heavy metals and antibacterial activity in water.

Metals have a tendency to accumulate in the environment and can have carcinogenic effects. Accordingly, this study used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the adsorption of different metal ions on the glycine surface. Glycine has attracted a lot of research interest because of its remarkable metal-binding properties and cost effectiveness. Accordingly, to improve glycine's adsorption capacity, it has been combined with SiO2, TiO2, and Fe3O4, creating a glycine-metal oxide nanocomposite through hydrogen bonding. After optimizing the structures at their energy minima at the B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) level of theory, the following analyses were carried out: total dipole moment (TDM), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), reactivity indexes, and molecular electrostatic potential (MESPs). The study of TDM, FMOs, reactivity indexes, density of states (DOS), and UV-Vis absorption analysis demonstrated the improved reactivity of glycine due to functionalization with SiO2. Additionally, the results showed that, compared to the glycine, the glycine/SiO2 surface experiences a greater degree of charge redistribution as a result of more hydrogen bonds being formed with adsorbate molecules. Thus, the study successfully extracted Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb from wastewater by demonstrating their selectivity for the glycine/SiO2 nanocomposite. The findings show that Ni had a stronger adsorption for glycine/SiO2 than the others as TDM increased (34.040 Debye), band gap energy decreased significantly (0.249eV), and reactivity indices got improved. Additionally, the IR spectra were calculated and compared to the experimental data, which revealed remarkable frequency changes due to intermolecular interactions. HR-TEM scans validated the dispersion of SiO2 NP on the glycine surface with minimal aggregation. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of glycine-amino acid-based surfactants was assessed, and the results show that glycine/SiO2 nanocomposites exhibited antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. These findings highlight the glycine/SiO2 nanocomposites for remediation of heavy metals and have antibacterial activity for treating pathogenic bacteria.

A novel ion exchange resin as an alternative for conventional chelates for separation and removal of toxic metal ions from industrial wastewater

Tamarind Kernel-Power (TKP), a naturally occurring polysaccharide, has been used for the synthesis of a novel ion exchange resin, namely Tamarind triazine methyl sulphamic acid (TTMSA). The resin acts as a scavenger for toxic metal ions from the effluents of various industries. Characterization of resin has been done by FTIR, TGA and elemental analysis. Various physico- chemical properties of resin were analyzed including ion-exchange capacity, % nitrogen content, bulk density, bulk volume and moisture content. The resin was found to be stable with good reproducibility, good ion exchange capacity and selectivity for toxic metal ions. The partition coefficient values and percentage adsorption of various metal ions on the newly synthesized resins were determined by batch method with the help of Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer. The efficiency of resin was studied for up to 10 cycles. Analysis has shown that the adsorption of different metal ions on TTMSA resin followed the order Fe+2 >Cu+2> Zn+2>Pb+2>Cd+2. A suitable and cost-effective method was employed to reach the result of this experiment.

Study of Metal Ion Removal from Aqueous Systems Using Magnetic Nanostructures Based on Functionalized Poly(Benzofuran-co-Arylacetic Acid)

Metal pollution has become a worldwide problem, mainly because of the toxicity, effects on living organisms, and the impact on the food chain and the quality of drinking water. Researchers have been focusing on developing new materials through green chemistry methods in order to remove these pollutants from the environment. In the recent decades, due to their unique properties, magnetic nanostructures containing functionalized polymers as shells have been demonstrated to be useful in water and wastewater treatment for this application. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of hybrid magnetic core-shell nanostructures including magnetite as the inorganic core and poly(benzofuran-co-arylacetic acid) functionalized with Nα, Nα’–bis(carboxymethyl)-L-lysine as the organic shell. These nanomaterials were used in the adsorption of different metal ions from aqueous solutions and contaminated water samples collected from Roșia River (Roșia Montană, Romania), representing attractive alternatives for water and/or wastewater treatment. The properties of the magnetic hybrid nanostructures were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), magnetization measurements. The heavy metal concentrations in aqueous solutions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).

Poly(itaconic acid)-assisted ultrafiltration of heavy metal ions’ removal from wastewater

The complexation–ultrafiltration technique has been introduced as a capable system to remove heavy metals ions from wastewater. This method needs a water-soluble polymer; therefore, in this paper we synthesized super water-soluble poly(itaconic acid) (PITA) and employed it in polymer-assisted ultrafiltration process to remove Pb(II) ions from synthetic wastewater solutions. The itaconic acid can be produced from different agricultural products and is a green and eco-friendly material. Factors influencing the removal of the metals ions including poly(itaconic acid) concentration, pH and permeate flux were investigated. The results showed that the maximum percentage of metal ion removal was obtained in the basic pH (pH > 7). The flux test was performed by 200 mg/L of poly(itaconic acid) and after 60 min, the flux of membrane was 33.4 L/m2h. The simultaneously selective removal ability of the poly(itaconic acid) for adsorption of different metal ions (Pb2+, Sn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+) was also studied. The trend of rejection was Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Sn2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. The highest rejection of Pb(II) ions was achieved as 86%. Generally, the results of this research demonstrated that poly(itaconic acid) (with two carboxyl groups on its repeating unit) is more effective in removing heavy metals ions from wastewater in comparison with customary polymers.

A study of the structural changes in a chitosan matrix produced by the adsorption of copper and chromium ions

A study of the structural changes at micro- and nano-scale in a chitosan matrix after the adsorption of different metal ions is presented. Toward this aim, samples of chitosan films soaked in different concentrations of copper(II) and chromium(VI) aqueous solutions were prepared. Cu and Cr ions were selected as sorbates since they have different ionic properties. The effect of the adsorbed metal ions on the microstructure of the chitosan matrices were studied using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. To go further into the study of the samples at the molecular level, the nuclear technique positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was used. Results are discussed in terms of the interaction between the metal ions and the chitosan functional groups.

Reversal of Cation-Specific Effects at the Interface of Mica and Aqueous Solutions

Ion-specific effects are ubiquitous and have gained renaissance over the past few decades while remaining largely elusive. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations have been conducted to investigate the adsorption of different metal ions at the interface of mica and aqueous solutions, and cation-specific effects abide by the sequences of Na+ > K+ > Cs+ and Cs+ > K+ > Na+ for less and more charged surfaces, respectively. Mechanisms for cation-specific effects and reversal of Hofmeister series are then addressed on an atomic level. Hydration effect (i.e., interaction of metal ions with water) is the driving force for less charged surfaces, whereas interaction of metal ions with mica plays a larger role for more charged surfaces, which further result in a reversal of Hofmeister series. Clay minerals generally carry an abundance of negative charges, and the finding that Hofmeister series can be reversed with no change in the sign of surface charges provides new insights about related processes and ion-spe...

Thermodynamic properties and adsorption behaviour of hydrogel nanocomposites for cadmium removal from mine effluents

Abstract This research paper reports on the utilization of the hydrogel of gelatine (GL) and its hybrid nanocomposite with clinoptilolite for the adsorption of Cd 2+ ions from an aqueous solution and multi-metal ions from mine effluents. The hydrogel was synthesized using the graft co-polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) onto GL and the hybrid hydrogel nanocomposite was prepared by incorporating clinoptilolite within the hydrogel matrix. The synthesized polymers were characterized using different characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA. The adsorption behaviour of the synthesized adsorbents for the adsorption of Cd 2+ was studied using different adsorption parameters such as pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation, whereas, the adsorption isotherm followed both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamics studies revealed that the adsorption processes were spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Moreover, the synthesized adsorbents were also successfully utilized for the adsorption of different metal ions from the mine effluents.

Novel method in amidoximation of polypropylene grafted polyacrylonitrile film: synthesis, characterization and application

Development of classical method of converting cyano groups to amidoximated groups by using a novel method has been investigated. This novel method precedes the amidoximation reaction in a molten state of NH2OH.HCl, instead of aqueous state of NH2OH.HCl. The consuming time in conversion reaction is ranging between 25 and 300 s based on the grafting degree. Furthermore, the grafting process was occurred on to polypropylene film. The amidoximated grafted polypropylene film was characterized by using Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), nanoscanning electron microscopy (NanoSEM), elemental analysis (CHNS/O) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the complete conversion of cyno groups to amidoximated groups. Further, the amidoximated polypropylene-graft polyacrylonitrile film was exploited in adsorption of different metal ions. The results showed that the value of adsorption capacity of aforementioned film varies from metal ions to another dependent on the medium of reaction.

Effect of Chemical Activation on the Adsorption of Heavy Metals Using Activated Carbons from Waste Materials

The effect of chemical activation on the adsorption of metals ions (Cr2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+) using waste Nigerian based bamboo, coconut shell, and palm kernel shell was investigated. The bamboo, coconut, and palm kernel shell were carbonized at 400°C–500°C and activated at 800°C using six activating agents. Chemical activation had significant effect on the iodine number and invariably increased the micropores and macropores of the activated carbons produced from bamboo, coconut, and palm kernel shell. It also affected the adsorption of metal ions and the type of carboneous material used for activation. The highest metal ions adsorbed were obtained from bamboo activated with HNO3. The cellulose nitrite formed during the activation of bamboo with HNO3 combined with high pore volume and low ash content of bamboo effectively create more reaction sites for adsorption of different metal ions. This shows that waste bamboo activated with HNO3 can effectively be used to remove metal ions from waste streams and in different metal recovery processes than activated carbon from coconut shell and palm kernel shell.

Synthesis and Characterization of Guar Gum Nitrilotriacetic Acid (GNTAA) Resin and its Application in Removal and Recovery of Toxic Metal Ions from Effluent of Apex Steel Industry

A new guar gum-based resin containing nitrilotriacetic acid group has been synthesized. Nitrilotriacetic acid group has been incorporated into guar gum by a modified Porath’s method of functionalisation of polysaccharides. The guar gum nitrilotriacetic acid (GNTAA) resin was characterized by FTIR, ion exchange capacity, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis techniques. GNTAA resin can selectively remove trace toxic metal ions from industrial wastewater. Various factors affecting adsorption, pH, distribution coefficients (Kd) and percentage of removal of metal ions were studied. The adsorbed metal ions were effectively eluted by different strength of acid solution. The resin is amenable for continuous process and can be regenerated several times. The adsorption of different metal ions on GNTAA resin follows the order Fe(II) > Zn(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II).

Synthesis, characterization and applications of a new cation exchanger tamarind sulphonic acid (TSA) resin

A new composite cation exchanger, tamarind sulphonic acid (TSA) resin has been synthesized. The chemically modified TSA ion exchange resin has been used for the removal and preconcentration of Zn2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Co2+ and Cu2+ ions in aqueous solution and effluent from the Laxmi steel plant in Jodhpur, India. This type of composite represents a new class of hybrid ion exchangers with good ion exchange capacity, stability, reproducibility and selectivity for toxic metal ions found in effluent from the steel industry. The characterization of the resin was carried out by determining the ion-exchange capacity, elemental analysis, pH titration, Fourier transform infrared spectra and thermal analysis. The distribution coefficients (K d ) of toxic metal ions were determined in a reference aqueous solution and the steel plant effluent at different pH values; the absorbency of different metal ions on the TSA resin was studied for up to 10 cycles. The adsorption of different metal ions on TSA resin follows the order: Co2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>Fe2+>Cd2+. The ion exchange capacity of TSA resin is 2.87%.

Synthesis, characterisation and application of new tamarind triethylamine (TTEA) resin for removal of toxic metal ions from the effluent of Puneet Steel Industry, Jodhpur, Rajasthan

AbstractA new ion exchange resin tamarind triethylamine (TTEA) was chemically synthesised by modified Porath's method of functionalisation of polysaccharides. The prepared resin was characterised on the basis of ion exchange capacity, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Chemical resistivity of TTEA resin was assessed in several acidic, basic media. The present method is simple and rapidly applicable for the removal and recovery of metal ions from effluent of industries. The distribution coefficient (K d) values of metal ions have been determined by batch method. Owing to the large differences in K d values of toxic metal ions at different pH, removal and recovery of metal ions from their aqueous solutions and effluent of Puneet Steel Industry, Jodhpur has been studied systematically. The adsorption of different metal ions on TTEA resin follows the order; Fe2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. The Ion exchange capacity (IEC) of TTEA resin was 2.04%.

Synthesis, characterization, and application of tamarind nitrilotriacetic acid resin in removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluent

A new tamarind‐based resin containing nitrilotriacetic acid group was synthesized. The nitrilotriacetic acid group has been incorporated onto tamarind by a modified Porath's method of functionalization of polysaccharides. Tamarind nitrilotriacetic acid (TNTAA) resin can selectively separate heavy metal ions from industrial effluent. The TNTAA resin was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The distribution coefficient (Kd) of metal ions at different pH was studied using batch equilibration method. The effects of pH, treatment time, and adsorbent dose, on the removal of metal ions from industrial effluent were investigated. The resin is amenable for continuous process and can be regenerated several times. The adsorption of different metal ions on TNTAA resin follows the order: Fe (II) > Zn (II) > Cu (II) > Cd (II) > Pb (II). © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 103–108, 2013.

Characterisation and applications of synthesised cation exchanger guar gum sulphonic acid (GSA) resin for removal and recovery of toxic metal ions from industrial wastewater

The chemically modified guar gum sulphonic acid (GSA) resin was used for removal and pre-concentration of Zn2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions in aqueous solutions and steel industry effluent from Jodhpur, India. This type of ion exchange resin represents a new class of hybrid ion exchangers with higher stability, reproducibility and selectivity for toxic metal ions. The characterisation of the resin was carried out by determining the ion exchange capacity, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectra and thermal analysis (TGA). The distribution coefficients (Kd) of toxic metal ions were determined for differentpH values. The adsorption of different metal ions on GSA resin follows the order: Cu2+ > Fe2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+. The adsorbency of different metal ions on the GSA resin was studied for up to 10 cycles.

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Ion Exchanger Tamarind 5‐Amino Salicylic Acid Hydroximate [TASAH] Resin and Its Application in Removal and Recovery of Toxic Metal Ions from Effluent of Karishma Textile, Jodhpur, India

A new composite ion exchanger tamarind 5‐amino salicylic acid hydroximate [TASAH] resin was synthesized for removal of toxic metal ions, which have good ion‐exchange capacity, higher stability, reproducibility and selectivity. The characterization of the resin was carried out by determining the ion exchange capacity, elemental analysis, pH titration, FT‐IR spectra and thermal analysis (TGA). The distribution coefficients (Kd) of toxic metal ions were determined in aqueous solution and effluent of Karishma Textile at different pH. On the other hand, physical property of TASAH resin was also studied. The effects of pH, agitation speed, treatment time, flow rate, contact time, temperature and adsorbent dose, on the removal of metal ions from industrial wastewater were investigated. The adsorbed metal ions were effectively eluted by different strength of acid solution. The resin is amenable for continuous process and can be regenerated several times. The adsorption of different metal ions on TASAH resin follo...

Grape waste as a biosorbent for removing Cr(VI) from aqueous solution

Grape waste generated in wine production is a cellulosic material rich in polyphenolic compounds which exhibits a high affinity for heavy metal ions. An adsorption gel was prepared from grape waste by cross-linking with concentrated sulfuric acid. It was characterized and utilized for the removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic aqueous solution. Adsorption tests were conducted in batch mode to study the effects of pH, contact time and adsorption isotherm of Cr(VI), which followed the Langmuir type adsorption and exhibited a maximum loading capacity of 1.91 mol/kg at pH 4. The adsorption of different metal ions like Cr(VI), Cr(III), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution at different pH values 1–5 has also been investigated. The cross-linked grape waste gel was found to selectively adsorb Cr(VI) over other metal ions tested. The results suggest that cross-linked grape waste gel has high possibility to be used as effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal.

Sorption of Metal Ions on Acrylamidezirconium (IV) Arsenate and its Synthesis of PVC based Lead (II) Selective Electrode

The adsorption of different metal ions on acrylamidezirconium (IV) arsenate has been studied. The effect of surfactant concentration (Tween 80‐R and Tritron X‐100) on sorption of different metal ions acrylamidezirconium (IV) arsenate was explored. The effect of experimental parameters such as contact time, temperature, and pH on adsorption of Pb2+ions was studied. The promising feature of the material is its specificity for Pb2+ ions. A new PVC based Pb2+ ion‐selective electrode using acrylamidezirconium (IV) arsenate as electro‐active material has been fabricated. The electrode works well over a wide range of concentration 1×10−1 M–1×10−7 M with a Nerstian slope of 30±1 mV per decade. The sensor shows the short response time of 20 seconds and can operate in the pH range of 2–7. The sensor can be used for the period of over 4 months with out deviation in response characteristics. The electrode has been successfully used as an indicator electrode for potentiometric titration of Pb2+ ions in solution against EDTA solution.

Heavy metal ions removal by chelating resin

PurposePreparation of chelating resin to be used in the removal of heavy metal ions from solutions.Design/methodology/approachChelating resin based on poly (glycidyl‐methacrylate‐co‐N, N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide) containing ethylenediamine was synthesised and used in removal of heavy metals from solutions.FindingsThe optimal pH values for adsorption of different metal ions occur in the range 4.0‐10.0 depending on the metal ion used. The adsorption of metal ions increases with increasing treatment duration to reach to the equilibrium state. Also, the adsorption of metal ions depends on the degree of cross linking of the chelating resin, and a higher degree of cross linking results in a lower degree of metal ion adsorption. The chelating resin was highly effective for the collection of metal ions by batch and column methods. The metal ions adsorbed could be eluted with 2M HNO3 except Co2+ and the resin could be reused.Research limitations/implicationsThe different factors affecting the metal ions (Cu2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+) loading in resin such as pH, contact time and cross linking density were studied.Practical implicationsThe practical applicability of the chelating resin for final stage of waste water treatment is recommended for use as a polishing agent.Originality/valueThe resins prepared were used successfully in removing heavy metals from water.

Sunflower Stalks as Adsorbents for the Removal of Metal Ions from Wastewater

Sunflower stalks as adsorbents for the removal of metal ions such as copper, cadmium, zinc, and chromium ions in aqueous solutions were studied with equilibrium isotherms and kinetic adsorptions. The maximum adsorptions of four heavy metals are 29.3 mg/g (Cu2+), 30.73 mg/g (Zn2+), 42.18 mg/g (Cd2+), and 25.07 mg/g (Cr3+), respectively. Particle sizes of sunflower stalks affected the adsorption of metal ions; the finer size of particles showed better adsorption to the ions. Temperature also plays an interesting role in the adsorption of different metal ions. Copper, zinc, and cadmium exhibited lower adsorption on sunflower stalks at higher temperature, while chromium showed the opposite phenomenon. The adsorption rates of copper, cadmium, and chromium are quite rapid. Within 60 min of operation about 60−80% of these ions were removed from the solutions.

Metal ion removal by dyed cellulosic materials

AbstractFurther studies on adsorption of different metal ions by the four dyed and undyed cellulosic substrates namely cotton fibers, bleached bamboo pulp, jute fibers, and sawdust were carried out. Different metal ions adsorbed were Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. The equilibrium metal adsorption was studied by EDTA method. The control and dyed substrates adsorbed these metal ions to a significant extent, thus providing an effective and cheap method for adsorption of costly but polluting and toxic metals like Pb2+ and Hg2+. The adsorption levels varied up to 95% for various substrate–dye–metal ion combinations.