Adsorption Of Antibiotics Research Articles

Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin Using Composite Film from PVA, Agarose and Maltodextrin

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most alarming problems today. Therefore, composite membranes have been widely applied for the removal of antibiotics from water. PVA/Agarose/Maltodextrin films have been synthesized by casting with various component ratios. They were evaluated for characteristics through moisture, solubility, expansion, and BET results. The results showed that PVA/Agarose/Maltodextrin films exhibited the best viability in the aquatic environment through low solubility (68.88% ± 0.03), high swelling (431.77% ± 5.89) and pore volume (0.034969 cm³/g). The adsorption capacity of PVA/Agarose/Maltodextrin was tested for several antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Oxy-Tetracycline, and Chloramphenicol. The results showed that Ciprofloxacin was removed by the PVA/Agarose/Maltodextrin films better than other antibiotics. The highest antibiotic adsorption was obtained at 20 min, temperature of 30 °C, dosage of 2 g/L, pH 6, and antibiotic concentration of 40 mg/L. Ciprofloxacin adsorption was predicted through adsorption kinetic and isothermal models. The compatibility of the Pseudo First Order kinetic and Dubinin-Radushkevich isothermal has shown that adsorption takes place according to a physical adsorption mechanism with electrostatic interactions on the surface of the material. The maximum adsorption capacity recorded at 4.48 mg/g based on the Dubinin-Radushkevich isothermal.

Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole from aqueous matrices using sawdust and plastic waste-derived biochar: A sustainable fight against antibiotic resistance

We produced carbon-negative biochar from the pyrolysis of sawdust biomass alone (SB) and from the co-pyrolysis of sawdust and plastic waste (SPB). The co-pyrolysis approach in this study was driven by several hypothetical factors, such as increased porosity, surface chemistry, stability, as well as waste management. We applied pyrolyzed and co-pyrolyzed biochars for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CFX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Due to its more alkaline and amorphous nature, SB showed better removal efficiencies compared to SPB. The maximum removals of CFX and SMX with SB were observed as ∼95% and >95%, respectively whereas with SPB were 58.8%, and 34.9%, respectively. The primary mechanisms involved in the adsorption process were H-bonding, electrostatic and π–π electron donor–acceptor interactions. Homogenously and heterogeneously driven adsorption of both antibiotics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, implying electron sharing/transfer (chemisorption) mediated adsorption. The work is highly pertinent in the context of emerging concerns related to drivers that promote antimicrobial resistance.

Phenylboronic acid functionalized high-crystallinity fluorescent covalent organic framework act as a sensing platform with dual performance for rifamycin antibiotics and water and adsorbent for rifamycin antibiotics

Phenylboronic acid functionalized high-crystallinity fluorescent covalent organic framework (BA@COF), which can be applied for rifamycin antibiotics and water sensing, and for rifamycin antibiotics adsorption, was synthesized for the first time. To effectively form BA@COF by post-synthetic modification, a fluorescent COF (COF–OMe) was prepared using deep-eutectic solvent as solvent without using catalyst. The BA@COF showed good fluorescence property and adsorption capacity, which owned superior effects in detecting and adsorbing rifampicin, rifapentine, and rifabutin. The results of fluorescence quenching mechanisms showed that internal filtration effect, dynamic quenching, and photoinduced electron transfer were the major mechanisms. Moreover, mainly due to the pore selectivity of BA@COF, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction, BA@COF showed good selectivity for three antibiotics. Finally, a dual-function platform based on BA@COF was successfully developed for sensing and adsorbing three antibiotics from various samples. Besides, BA@COF also showed good effect to detect water amount in ethanol (0.1−50%, v/v).

A hybrid Electro-Driven adsorption and degradation system for antibiotics and dyes based on composite tablets composed of deep eutectic solvent-functionalized nanomaterials

In this study, a unique hybrid system was designed and developed for the continuous electro-driven adsorption and degradation of typical antibiotics together with dyes, which were based on immobilized deep eutectic solvent of thymol-benzyl alcohol on zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). After prepared with simple and mild method, the composite tablets were comprehensively characterized by various ways. Due to their large specific surface area and high thermal stability, the maximum adsorption efficiencies of sulfa pyrimidine (SDZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) were 90.52%, 85.18%, 94.89%, 94.61% and 96.18%, respectively. The adsorption efficiency of chlortetracycline (CTC) was only 9.66% due to the existence of competitive adsorption at the same condition. In addition, the high adsorption efficiency was validated by the real water samples. Multiple interactions including electrostatic interaction, π-π, H-bonding in the adsorption process were all revealed by the kinetics and isotherms studies, spectral analysis and molecular simulation. At last, the composite tablets were easily recycled after elution process, meanwhile the adsorbed antibiotics and dyes were almost completely degraded during the subsequent electrochemical oxidation process. It was expected to provide valuable insights to the combination of the new applied form of green solvents and electro-driven integrated technology as well as synergistic effects deriving from advantages of different functional materials for multi-task process.

Organic contaminants removal and carbon sequestration using pig manure solid residue-derived biochar: A novel closed-loop strategy for anaerobic liquid digestate

Anaerobic digestion of livestock manure as a carbon-negative practice yields bioenergy and biofertilizer. However, substantial antibiotics and benzenes contained in liquid and solid digestate hinder its large-scale applications. In this study, a novel closed-loop treatment strategy was proposed to integrate the synthesis benefits of anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis of solid digestate, and adsorption. The solid digestate-derived biochar (S-biochar) was successfully prepared by coupling pyrolysis and H2SO4 activation. The S-biochar possessed a polycyclic aromatic structure, abundant micropores (0.8–1.0 nm), various functional groups (–COOH, Aro–OH), and a higher absolute zeta potential value. These characteristics contributed to the excellent adsorption of tetracycline (51.3 mg/L), oxytetracycline (32.9 mg/L), benzene (86.0 mg/L) and toluene (74.1 mg/L), wherein pore filling, electrostatic interactions, H-bonding, surface partition, and π-π conjugation mechanisms were involved. The adsorption of antibiotics was more sensitive to pH, in comparison with benzenes, and displayed a declining trend (pH>7). Under actual liquid digestate conditions, >95% adsorption of antibiotics and benzenes were reached at the dosage of 1.5 g/L, in a company with >80% of nitrogen and phosphorus. In the end, a carbon and nitrogen flow analysis was performed to elucidate that more than 80% of carbon in pig manure can be settled as biochar and biogas, and up to 94.7% of nitrogen remained in the biochar and liquid digestate. This study not only developed a S-biochar with excellent performance in removing organic pollutants from liquid digestate, but also established a closed-loop strategy as an alternative carbon sequestration approach using anaerobic digestion side-products.

Optimizing ciprofloxacin antibiotic adsorption on Algerian mineral clay for water remediation: a Box-Behnken design approach

Optimizing ciprofloxacin antibiotic adsorption on Algerian mineral clay for water remediation: a Box-Behnken design approach

In situ preparation of MOF-199 into the carrageenan-grafted-polyacrylamide@Fe3O4 matrix for enhanced adsorption of levofloxacin and cefixime antibiotics from water

In this research study, a novel method, an in-situ growth approach, to incorporate metal-organic framework (MOF) into carrageenan-grafted- polyacrylamide-Fe3O4 substrate was introduced. Carrageenan-grafted-polyacrylamide-Fe3O4/MOF nanocomposite (kC-g-PAAm@Fe3O4-MOF-199) was fabricated utilizing three stages. In this way, the polyacrylamide (PAAm) was grafted onto the carrageenan (kC) backbone via free radical polymerization in the presence of methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linker and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Next, the kC-g-PAAm@Fe3O4 was modified by MOF-199 via an in-situ solvothermal approach. Several analyses such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) demonstrated the successful synthesis of kC-g-PAAm@Fe3O4-MOF-199 magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite. The XRD pattern of magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite illustrated characteristic peaks of Fe3O4, neat kC, and MOF-199 with enhanced crystallinity in comparison with kC-g-PAAm@Fe3O4. TGA showed it has a char yield of 24 wt% at 800 °C. VSM confirmed its superparamagnetic behavior (with Ms of 8.04 emu g−1), and the BET surface area of kC-g-PAAm@Fe3O4-MOF-199 was measured at 64.864 m2 g−1, which was higher than that of kC-g-PAAm@Fe3O4 due to the highly porous MOF-199 incorporation with a BET surface area of 905.12 m2 g−1). The adsorption effectiveness of kC-g-PAAm@Fe3O4-MOF-199 for eliminating cephalosporin and quinolones antibiotics, i.e., Cefixime (CFX) and Levofloxacin (LEV) from the aquatic area was considered. Several experimental setups were used to evaluate the efficacy of adsorption, such as solution pH, amount of adsorbent, contact duration, and initial concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of the prepared magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite was found to be 2000 and 1666.667 mg−1 for LEV and CFX using employing 0.0025 g of adsorbent. The Freundlich isotherm model well described the experimental adsorption data with R2CFX = 0.9986, and R2LEV = 0.9939. And the adsorption kinetic data were successfully represented by the pseudo-second-order model with R2LEV = 0.9949 and R2CFX = 0.9906. Hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, diffusion, and entrapment in the hydrogel network all contributed to the successful adsorption of both antibiotics onto the kC-g-PAAm@Fe3O4-MOF-199 adsorbent. Other notable physicochemical properties include the three-dimensional structure and availability of the reactive adsorption sites. Moreover, the adsorption/desorption efficacy of magnetic hydrogel nanocomposites was not significantly diminished after four cycles of recovery.

Co3O4 anchored on sepiolite surface grooves for superior adsorption of tetracycline from wastewater

Due to the low valence band maximum value, Co3O4 is an outstanding catalyst, but its utilization in adsorption needs to be addressed. In this study, we proposed a novel method for loading aggregation-prone Co3O4 onto sepiolite (Sep) to facilitate tetracycline (TC) adsorption. The XRD, TEM, and FTIR analyses demonstrated that the highly dispersed Co3O4 was successfully anchored on the sepiolite grooves via the Si-OH on the sepiolite surface’s grooves to the cobalt site in Co3O4. We firstly proposed a view of how metal oxide aggregates are confined to the grooves on the surface of sepiolite (via Si-OH at the edges of the grooves on the sepiolite surface). The ultra-high sorption capacity of Co3O4-Sep is 219.53 mg/g for TC, which is three times that of Sep (70.75 mg/g) and Co3O4 (85.29 mg/g). The kinetic and isotherm results fitting suggested that the adsorption of TC on Co3O4-Sep mainly contributed to the multilayer chemisorption adsorption process. Thermodynamic investigations revealed the spontaneous endothermic reaction of TC adsorption on Co3O4-Sep. Co3O4 strengthened the complexation between the composite and functional groups of TC, significantly increasing TC adsorption capacity. In addition, the Co3O4-Sep retained an extraordinary adsorption capacity with the presence of competing ions, at strongly acidic and alkaline pH values and after three cycles. Therefore, this study offers new perspectives on applying cobalt-based materials and demonstrates the potential for antibiotic adsorption in the prepared composites.

Adsorption behavior of antibiotics with different structures onto vivianite in the presence of dissolved organic matter during the phosphorus recovery process

Formation of vivianite is a promising strategy to recover phosphorus from urban sewage and livestock wastewater, in which both various antibiotics and dissolved organic matters are contained. In this study, the interaction relationship and mechanism between vivianite, antibiotics and DOM were analyzed through the variations of DOM and antibiotics concentrations in supernatant, combined with characterization analysis and theoretical calculation. It’s found that the adsorption of three kinds of antibiotics onto vivianite following the order: tetracycline (TC) (∼90%) > ciprofloxacin (CIP) (∼15%) > sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (∼5%). The presence of fulvic acid (FA) greatly enhanced the adsorption of CIP, SMX to about 90%, 17% respectively, while there was no significant change in the adsorption of TC probably due to its good adsorption in the absence of FA. Interestingly, further analysis demonstrated that the FA will enhance the adsorption of antibiotics to vivianite because of the non-bonding interaction between FA molecules adsorbed on the surface of vivianite and antibiotics, and make the vivianite form better crystal without significant influences on phosphorus recovery. In addition, this study found that the adsorption of different kinds of antibiotics by vivianite was significantly related to the molecular weight of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the actual livestock wastewater. Interestingly, the promotion of SMX adsorption is more likely to occur in the presence of DOM with small molecular weight (<5 kDa), while the introduction of DOM with larger molecular weight has greater promotion effect on CIP adsorption. The results gained in this study will expand the knowledge about the fate of antibiotics and recovery of phosphorus from urban sewage and livestock wastewater in the formation of vivianite.

Synthesis of cellulose nanofibrils modified with carbon dots-graft-polyacrylamide/ZIF-8 composite hydrogel for simultaneous adsorption and detection of tetracycline

To address the pollution of antibiotics in water resources, a novel cellulose nanofibrils modified with carbon dots-graft-polyacrylamide/Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 composite hydrogel (CZCH) was synthesized in this study for simultaneous adsorption and detection of tetracycline (TC). The morphology, structure, fluorescent properties, and adsorption and sensing capabilities of CZCH were comprehensively characterized using various analytical techniques. The results demonstrated the CZCH's remarkable adsorption capacity for TC that reached a maximum of 810.36 mg/g. The Langmuir model provided an excellent fit for the adsorption isotherm, while the pseudo-secondary model accurately described the adsorption kinetics. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was characterized by an endothermic reaction. Impressively, the CZCH maintained 85.6% retention of its initial adsorption capacity even after undergoing five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. Moreover, the synthesized CZCH exhibited blue fluorescence with an absolute quantum yield of 5.1%, enabling selective and efficient detection of TC with a low limit of detection of 0.09 μg/L. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the adsorption and detection of TC by CZCH was elucidated. Cost analysis confirmed that CZCH had a significantly lower cost of CNY 0.07 per gram of TC removal compared to activated carbon, which costs CNY 5.74. Thus, this study presents a sustainable approach for synthesizing a low-cost and multifunctional adsorbent that can be employed for the adsorption and detection of antibiotics.

Adsorption of antibiotics on bio-adsorbents derived from the forestry and agro-food industries

Antibiotic consumption at high levels in both human and veterinary populations pose a risk to their eventual entry into the food chain and/or water bodies, which will adversely affect the health of living organisms. In this work, three materials from forestry and agro-food industries (pine bark, oak ash and mussel shell) were investigated as regards their potential use as bio-adsorbents in the retention of the antibiotics amoxicillin (AMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and trimethoprim (TMP). Batch adsorption/desorption tests were conducted, adding increasing concentrations of the pharmaceuticals individually (from 25 to 600 μmol L−1), reaching maximum adsorption capacities of ≈ 12000 μmol kg−1 for the three antibiotics, with removal percentages of ≈ 100% for CIP, 98–99% adsorption for TMP onto pine bark, and 98–100% adsorption for AMX onto oak ash. The presence of high calcium contents and alkaline conditions in the ash favored the formation of cationic bridges with AMX, whereas the predominance of hydrogen bonds between pine bark and TMP and CIP functional groups explain the strong affinity and retention of these antibiotics. The Freundlich's model provided the best prediction for AMX adsorption onto oak ash and mussel shell (heterogeneous adsorption), whereas the Langmuir's model described well AMX adsorption onto pine bark, as well as CIP adsorption onto oak ash (homogeneous and monolayer adsorption), while all three models provided satisfactory results for TMP. In the present study, the results obtained were crucial in terms of valorization of these adsorbents and their subsequent use to improve the retention of antibiotics of emerging concern in soils, thereby preventing contamination of waters and preserving environment quality.

Adsorption of fluoroquinolone antibiotics onto ferrihydrite under different anionic surfactants and solution pH.

To date, little information is available regarding the impacts of the widespread anionic surfactants on the adsorption behaviors of antibiotics onto typical iron oxides. Herein, we have investigated the effects of two typical surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)) on the adsorption of two widely used antibiotics (i.e., levofloxacin (LEV) and ciprofloxacin (CIP)) onto ferrihydrite. Results of kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption of antibiotics was well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating that the adsorption process might be controlled by chemisorption. The affinity of ferrihydrite toward CIP was greater than that toward LEV, which was ascribed to the higher hydrophobicity of CIP than LEV. Both surfactants enhanced antibiotic adsorption owing to SDS or SDBS molecules as bridge agents between ferrihydrite particles and antibiotics. Interestingly, the extent of the enhanced effects of surfactants on antibiotic adsorption declined as the background solution pH increased from 5.0 to 9.0, which was mainly due to the weaker hydrophobic interactions between antibiotics and the adsorbed surfactants on the iron oxide surfaces as well as the greater electrostatic repulsion between the anionic species of antibiotics and the negatively charged ferrihydrite particles at higher pH. Together, these findings emphasize the importance of widespread surfactants for illustrating the interactions between fluoroquinolone antibiotics and iron oxide minerals in the natural environment.

Adsorption of antibiotics by bentonite-chitosan composite: Phenomenological modeling and physical investigation of the adsorption process

The increased use of antibiotics worldwide turned into a serious preoccupation due to their environmental and health impacts. Since the majority of antibiotic residuals are hardly eliminated from wastewater, based on usual methods, other treatments receive considerable attention. Adsorption is known as the most effective method of the treatment of antibiotics. In this paper, the adsorption isotherms of doripenem, ampicillin, and amoxicillin on bentonite-chitosan composite are determined at three temperatures, T = 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K, which are used to achieve a theoretical investigation of the removal phenomenon, based on a statistical physics theory. Three analytical models are utilized to describe the AMO, AMP, and DOR adsorption phenomena at the molecular level. From the fitting results, all antibiotic adsorption on a BC adsorbent is associated with the monolayer formation with one type of site. Concerning the number of adsorbed molecules per site (n), it is concluded that multi-docking (n < 1) and multi-molecular (n > 1) phenomena are feasible for AMO, AMP, and DOR adsorption on BC. The adsorption amounts at saturation of the BC adsorbent, deduced by the monolayer model, are found to be 70.4–88.0 mg/g for doripenem, 57.8–79.2 mg/g for ampicillin and 38.6–67.5 mg/g for amoxicillin indicating that the antibiotics adsorption performance of BC was greatly depended on temperature where the adsorption capacities increased with the increment of this operating variable. All adsorption systems are demonstrated by a calculation of the energy of adsorption, considering that the extrication of these pollutants implies physical interactions. The thermodynamic interpretation confirms the spontaneous and feasible nature of the adsorption of the three antibiotics on BC adsorbent. In brief, BC sample is regarded as a promising adsorbent to extract antibiotics from water and presents important potentials to be effected in wastewater handling at industrial level.

Selective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics by LaFeO3 modified Ag3PO4 @sepiolite composite

This paper used a simple hydrothermal method to modify silver phosphate grown on top of fibrous sepiolite with lanthanum ferrite. The Z-scheme heterojunction constructed on the basis of sepiolite effectively improved a variety of deficiencies of the monolithic material. The performance of the catalysts was examined in terms of adsorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and photocatalytic degradation of various antibiotics, mainly ciprofloxacin (CIP). For the adsorption of CIP (30 min), the composite LAE11 (51%) was much more efficient than LaFeO3 (26%), Ag3PO4 (9%) and AE (23%). After 1 h of lighting, the composite LAE11 removed up to 92% of CIP with kinetic constants 7.05, 1.92 and 2.02 times higher than those of LaFeO3, Ag3PO4 and AE, respectively. And after six cycles, the degradation efficiency of CIP still remained at 79%, which obviously improved the defect of Ag3PO4 instability. The composite LAE showed highly efficient adsorption and degradation of a wide range of antibiotics, with LAE11 showing strong selective adsorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), up to 93% within 30 min, and 58% for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The adsorption process of antibiotics fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Under one hour of visible light irradiation, the composite LAE11 achieved degradation efficiencies of 92%, 89% and 94% for CIP, TC and SMX respectively. The experiments show that the construction of LaFeO3/Ag3PO4 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts based on sepiolite not only facilitates improved adsorption performance but also provides more reaction sites and effectively enhances photocatalytic activity. The composite LAE11 has shown excellent synergy in the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants.

Investigation of the adsorption of the tetracycline antibiotic by NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles

Tetracycline is a bacteriostatic antibiotic with stable chemical composition, which difficults its degradation in the environment. The presence of this antibiotic in the aquatic environment can cause toxic effects and potential development of resistant bacteria. In this work, the structural and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and their applications in tetracycline adsorption were investigated. Ferrites were synthesized by coprecipitation, heat treated at 623 K for 2 h and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, electrophoretic light scattering and gas adsorption. The experimental data confirmed the formation of the partially inverse spinel phase of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4, with crystallite sizes of 6 and 4 nm, respectively, superparamagnetic behavior, low saturation magnetization and coercivity, isoelectric point close to pH 7 and mesoporous structure. NiFe2O4 exhibited better performance in the adsorption of tetracycline (50 mgTCN.g-1NiFe2O4 and 96% removal) at pH 7. FTIR and XPS spectroscopy measurements indicate that the main adsorption mechanism is hydrogen bonding.

Hybrid Cryogels with Superabsorbent Properties as Promising Materials for Penicillin G Retention

This present study describes the investigation of new promising hybrid cryogels able to retain high amounts of antibiotics, specifically penicillin G, using chitosan or chitosan–biocellulose blends along with a naturally occurring clay, i.e., kaolin. In order to evaluate and optimize the stability of cryogels, three types of chitosan were used in this study, as follows: (i) commercial chitosan; (ii) chitosan prepared in the laboratory from commercial chitin; and (iii) chitosan prepared in the laboratory from shrimp shells. Biocellulose and kaolin, previously functionalized with an organosilane, were also investigated in terms of their potential to improve the stability of cryogels during prolonged submergence under water. The organophilization and incorporation of the clay into the polymer matrix were confirmed by different characterization techniques (such as FTIR, TGA, SEM), while their stability in time underwater was investigated by swelling measurements. As final proof of their superabsorbent behavior, the cryogels were tested for antibiotic adsorption in batch experiments, in which case cryogels based on chitosan extracted from shrimp shells seem to exhibit excellent adsorption properties for penicillin G.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin by graphite felt-supported MnS/Polypyrrole composite: Dominant reactive species and reaction mechanisms

The accumulation of antibiotics in aquatic environments poses a serious threat to human health. Photocatalytic degradation is a promising method for removing antibiotics from water, but its practical implementation requires improvements in photocatalyst activity and recovery. Here, a novel graphite felt-supported MnS/Polypyrrole composite (MnS/PPy/GF) was constructed to achieve effective adsorption of antibiotics, stable loading of photocatalyst, and rapid separation of spatial charge. Systematic characterization of composition, structure and photoelectric properties indicated the efficient light absorption, charge separation and migration of the MnS/PPy/GF, which achieved 86.2% removal of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CFX), higher than that of MnS/GF (73.7%) and PPy/GF (34.8%). The charge transfer-generated 1O2, energy transfer-generated 1O2, and photogenerated h+ were identified as the dominant reactive species, which mainly attacked the piperazine ring in the photodegradation of CFX by MnS/PPy/GF. The •OH was confirmed to participate in the defluorination of CFX via hydroxylation substitution. The MnS/PPy/GF-based photocatalytic process could ultimately achieve the mineralization of CFX. The facile recyclability, robust stability, and excellent adaptability to actual aquatic environments further confirmed MnS/PPy/GF is a promising eco-friendly photocatalyst for antibiotic pollution control.

Aged polyamide microplastics enhance the adsorption of trimethoprim in soil environments

Microplastics (MPs) in the environment typically age. However, the influence of aged MPs on the adsorption of antibiotics in soil remains unknown. In this study, the adsorption behavior of trimethoprim (TMP) on soil and soil containing aged polyamide (PA) was investigated using batch and stirred flow chamber experiments. The adsorption of TMP on the tested soil with and without PA was fast, with the ka values ranging from 50.5 to 55.6 L (mg min)-1. The adsorption of TMP on aged PA was more than 20 times larger than that on the tested soil, which resulted in an "enrichment effect." Furthermore, aged PA altered the pH of the reaction system, thereby enhancing the adsorption of TMP. Consequently, the Kd values of TMP for soil, soil containing 5%, and 10% aged PA were 5.64, 12.38, and 23.65 L kg-1, respectively. The effect of aged PA on the adsorption of TMP on soil depended on pH values. However, TMP adsorption on soil containing 10% aged PA was constantly higher (p < 0.01) than that on soil with NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 50mmol L-1. These findings provide new insights into the effect of environmental MPs on the fate and transport of antibiotics in soil environments.

Adsorption of antibiotics on montmorillonite and site energy distribution analysis

The migration and transformation of antibiotics requires further study in geochemical settings. In this study, the removal effect of montmorillonite (Mt) on antibiotics was investigated, using the broad-spectrum antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP) and erythromycin (ERY) as subjects. The results of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm experiments showed that the generalized Langmuir model describe the adsorption process well, and the adsorption capacity of CIP was higher. The intercalation and adsorption behaviors of CIP and ERY on Mt surface were analyzed by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD and Molecular simulation. In order to analyze the different adsorption capacity of these antibiotics on Mt, the theory of site energy distribution was employed. By fitting the experimental data with the Generalized-Langmuir model, the site energy distribution and average site energy were calculated, which revealed the competitive adsorption mechanism of CIP and ERY on Mt. Moreover, the adsorption of antibiotics on Mt under different pH conditions was studied, and the competitive adsorption results were also demonstrated by the potential energy distribution.

Enhanced adsorption of ceftriaxone antibiotics from water by activated carbon derived from agriculture products waste.

The present work determines efficiency of domestic food waste like tea waste in removing pharmaceutical waste such as ceftriaxone (CEF) from synthetic wastewater. Carbonaceous material; Tea waste activated carbon (TAC) has been employed and it showed high removal capacity of 787.5 mg/g. TAC was characterized using; XPS, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and BET as well as it approved that the adsorbent a has high surface area of .6 m2 /g. Various experimental parameters are evaluated for the removal efficiency of the synthesized adsorbent under the present study. During the adsorption study through batch experiments, it approved that the adsorption isotherm was fitted to Langmuir, while kinetically fitted to pseudo-second-order; the adsorption process was chemisorption process as the adsorption energy was 23.7 kJ mol-1 . From evaluation thermodynamic parameters the adsorption reaction was endothermic and spontaneous reaction. The different real samples spiked with CEF and studies the efficiency of TAC to remove it. On the other hand, investigated the regeneration efficiency of the TAC and exhibit high regeneration efficiency as it will be used after four cycles with good efficiency of about 84.2%.