Adsorptive Desulfurization Research Articles

Polyacrylonitrile/Ag nanoparticles nanofibers as an efficient adsorbent for natural gas condensate desulfurization

In this work, the optimization of the synthesis of PAN/Ag nanofiber composites via electrospinning was investigated via Taguchi experimental design approach. The adsorption capacity of sulfur compounds from natural gas condensate was considered as an objective function. The PAN/Ag nanofiber with 11 wt% PAN, 45 wt% AgNO3, 15 kV applied voltage, and 15 cm for distance of needle to a collector showed the highest adsorption capacity. The SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, and FT-IR techniques were employed to elucidate the optimized PAN/Ag nanofiber structure. The results showed the successful synthesis of PAN/Ag nanofibers with diameters in 100-300 nm range and well distribution of Ag nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix. In addition, optimization of the adsorption capacity of PAN/Ag nanofiber in desulfurization of natural gas condensate in batch mode was performed via central composite design. Four factors including adsorbent weight, sulfur concentration in the natural gas condensate, the volume of sample, and the adsorption time were considered as effective factors each in three levels. The ANOVA analysis showed the more important factors on adsorbent performance are the concentration of sulfur in gas condensate and the weight of the adsorbent. The interaction terms between time and concentration and between volume and concentration are also important in response. Moreover, the response surface analysis of interaction terms showed the adsorptive nature of desulfurization.

Combination of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites and silver nano-particles in a Ni-based metal-organic framework for adsorptive desulfurization

The [email protected] composites were deliberately synthesized with different loading amounts of silver nano-particles in CPO-27-Ni which features unsaturated metal sites and cylindrical one-dimensional channels having a diameter of ca. 11 Å constructed by 2,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate and Ni2+ by a simple one-pot solvothermal method. The well-characterized composites were used as adsorbents to eliminate the aromatic S-compounds of the model oil and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) oil at room temperature. The experimental results showed that the adsorptive desulfurization followed pseudo-second order reaction kinetics and the adsorptive desulfurization capacity of [email protected] (wherein Ag is 1.23 wt%) was notably enhanced as compared with CPO-27-Ni under the same experimental conditions. Impressively, 35 ppmwS dibenzothiophene (DBT) (or benzothiophene (BT))-containing model oil (20 g) was desulfurized to 2.01 ± 0.27 (or 4.05 ± 0.26) ppmwS by using 0.2 (or 0.5) g of the composite, respectively; the composite showed much higher selectivity factor of adsorbing DBT to naphthalene than CPO-27-Ni. The notable enhancement in adsorptive desulfurization performance is thought to be due to the interactions between Ag particles and sulfur or π-system of thiophene moiety in the S-containing compounds that consequently promote selective attraction between S-containing compounds and the composite. Besides, the composite also showed satisfactory recyclability.

Post modification of Oxo-clusters in robust Zirconium-Based metal organic framework for durable SO2 capture from flue gas

The efficient capture of SO2 after the combustion of fossil fuels is of great challenge as the low SO2 concentration (<500 ppm) and coexisting with CO2, water, O2 in flue gas. Robust zirconium-based MOFs possessing accessible polar sites usually have high SO2 adsorption capacity but poor durably in adsorption desulfurization due to the acidic sulfate deposition on the Zr-O cluster. Herein, a Zr-O cluster post-modification method was introduced in a Zr-MOF (MOF-808) to form EDTA-MOF-808 (EDTA, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid) for selective and durable removal of SO2. The introduction of EDTA not only improve their SO2 adsorption capacity, but also sharply increase their SO2/CO2 selectivity (57.2 vs 8.9) and SO2/N2 selectivity (1915.8 vs 292.7) at low SO2 partial pressure. Moreover, the synergistic effects of dipole and hydrogen bonding interaction between SO2 and EDTA in EDTA-MOF-808 make the capture of SO2 in a reversible manner, which can prevent the formation of S(VI) species in Zr-MOF. DFT calculation confirmed that SO2 was interacted with EDTA through moderate dipole–dipole interaction (S(SO2) with N(EDTA)) and hydrogen bonds (H(–COOH) with O(SO2)). Systematic investigations including thermodynamic SO2 adsorption, dynamic breakthrough experiments, stability tests and DFT-calculations in both MOF-808 and EDTA-MOF-808 confirmed the efficient performance of post modification of Zr-O clusters with EDTA in Zr-MOFs for durable SO2 capture.

Modulated Synthesis of a Novel Nickel-Based Metal–Organic Framework Composite Material for the Adsorptive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels

Modulated Synthesis of a Novel Nickel-Based Metal–Organic Framework Composite Material for the Adsorptive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels

Adjusting accommodation microenvironment for Cu+ to enhance oxidation inhibition for thiophene capture

AbstractCu+‐containing materials have great potentials in various applications like adsorptive desulfurization. Nevertheless, their applications are severely obstructed by poor stability of Cu+ in air. Here, we first clarify the mechanism of Cu+ oxidation by first‐principle calculations and demonstrate that moisture accelerates Cu+ oxidation dramatically. Then, the microenvironment of Cu2O‐modified HKUST‐1, a typical metal‐organic framework, is adjusted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic with polydimethylsiloxane coating (producing Cu2O@HK@P). This isolates moisture from pores and enhances the stability of Cu+ significantly even under oxygen atmosphere. Cu+ in Cu2O@HK@P preserves well after exposed to air for 6 months, while Cu2O@HK lose almost all Cu+ for 2 weeks. The optimal Cu2O@HK@P can remove 540 μmol g−1 of thiophene from hydrous fuel, which is much superior to Cu2O@HK (227 μmol g−1) and most reported adsorbents. Our strategy can also be applied to stabilize Cu+ in various materials including zeolite, mesoporous silica, and activated carbon.

Adsorption desulfurization performance of PdO/SiO2@graphene oxide hybrid aerogel: Influence of graphene oxide

Preparation of PdO/SiO2@graphene oxide (GO) hybrid aerogels were carried out sol-gel method combined with atmospheric drying technology to study their adsorption performance for thiophenics and compared with PdO/SiO2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for samples were performed. The adsorption performance of PdO/SiO2@GO for thiophene were better than that of PdO/SiO2, attributed to that incorporation of GO increased the specific surface area and the Pd incorporation rate, where Pd2+ ions acted as the π-complexation and sulfur-metal (SM) bond adsorption active centers, as well as GO adsorbed thiophene by the π-π stacking effect. The adsorption capacities of PdO/SiO2@GO-1.0 for thiophene (TH), benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) were 8.89, 9.3 and 12.6 mg-S/gads, respectively. The addition of GO in aerogels could improve the inhibition effect of toluene, cyclohexene and pyridine while decreased the inhibition effect of MTBE and H2O for the adsorption of thiophene, due to the π-π stacking effect and the hydrophobicity of GO, respectively. The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, be well fitted by the apparent second-order kinetic model and dominated by chemical interaction. Pd/SiO2@GO-1.0 had a good solvent elution regeneration performance.

Adsorption Desulfurization of Iraqi Light Naphtha Using Metals Modified Activated Carbon

The study aims to evaluate the removal of sulfur content from Iraqi light naphtha produced in Al-Dora refinery by adsorption desulfurization DS technique using modified activated carbon MAC loaded with nickel Ni and copper Cu as single binary metals. The experiments were carried in a batch unit with various operating parameters; MAC dosage, agitation speed, and a contact time of 300 min at constant initial sulfur concentration 155 ppm and temperature. The results showed higher DS% by AC/Ni-Cu (66.45)% at 500 rpm and 1 g dosage than DS (29.03)% by activated carbon AC, increasing MAC dosage, agitation speed, and contact time led to increasing DS% values. The adsorption capacity of MAC results was recorded (16, 15, and 20) mg sulfur/g MAC for AC/Ni, AC/Cu and, AC/Ni-Cu, respectively. Equilibrium isotherm study results show good fitting with Freundlich isotherm model with R2 value (0.95) for AC/Ni-Cu. The kinetic study results showed R2 value (0.974, 0.981, and 0.95) by pseudo first order and (0.96, 0.916 and, 0.909) by pseudo second order for AC/Ni, AC/Cu, and AC/Ni-Cu, respectively. The calculated qe(cal) (4.337-4.79) mg/g by first order model was the nearest to the obtained qe(exp) (5.125) mg/g by the experiments where no interparticle diffusion referring to more than one process is controlling the adsorption process of sulfur compounds by MAC.

Potential application of carbon nanospheres as adsorbent for the simultaneous desulfurization and demetallization of transportations fuels

Particularly large surface area and well-defined nanoparticles are both critical in the issue of nonporous carbons for challenging energy, catalyst and environmental fields. Therefore, following the ecological regulations regarding the quality of fuels, the environment agency calls for sulfur free fuels. In parallel, the presence of metals species in feedstock is deleterious for the various processes in the refinery plants. In this study, the carbon nanospheres (CNSs) were synthesized by burning condensate gas. The results showed that CNSs have a higher surface area and it was chosen as an adsorbent surface to remove sulfur-compound and metals from transportation fuels. The CNSs were examined by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, HRTEM, TGA, FTIR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Actual diesel (541 ppm) and fuel marine (267 ppm) desulfurization and demetallization via adsorption have been investigated. As a result, the total sulfur-content could be decreased after oxidation/adsorption to 66 ppm and 1 ppm at optimal conditions for diesel and marine fuel, respectively. Furthermore, metal ions contents were also treated according to the same procedure and the demetallization performance decreased in the order vanadium, nickel and iron. This simple adsorption method can be applied to any refining process as pre- or post-treatment of commercial transportation fuels.

An experimental study of Ni-Mo adsorbent for reactive adsorption desulfurization of spent tire pyrolysis oil modelled using n-hexane and thiophene

The reactive adsorption desulfurization (RADS) of a model spent tire pyrolysis oil, using n-hexane as the hydrocarbon fuel and thiophene as the sulfur-bearing compound, over a co-precipitated nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) adsorbent was examined. The percentage of sulfur removal, indicating the efficacy of the adsorbent, was evaluated in a continuous fixed-bed reactor operating over a range of conditions including reaction time (1–10 h), temperature (250–300 °C), pressure (0.2–1 MPa), and hydrogen to sulfur (H:S) molar ratio (14–108). The fresh, reduced, and spent adsorbents were characterized by elemental analyzer and ICP-OES for the element contents, BET for the surface area and pore properties, SEM for the morphology, STEM-EDS for the element distributions, and XRD for the change of Ni, Mo, and S mineral phases in the adsorbent with the change of reaction time. The Ni-Mo adsorbent achieved a high percentage of sulfur removal of 99.9 wt% under mild reaction conditions of 300 °C, 1 MPa, and 108 H:S molar ratio. The corresponding breakthrough sulfur capacity of the adsorbent was 288 mg g−1. Increasing reaction temperature, pressure, or H:S molar ratio led to a greater percentage of sulfur removal. Ni and Mo played cooperative and multifunctional roles in the RADS process, firstly as sulfur acceptors, then as active centers for hydrodesulfurization (HDS). The Ni and MoS2 phases formed during the RADS process functioned as highly effective HDS catalyst cycles, which improved the sulfur transfer rate and facilitated the continuation of sulfur removal.

Comparative study of halogen-doped (X[dbnd]Cl, Br, I) hexagonal boron nitride: A promising strategy to enhance the capacity of adsorptive desulfurization

Heteroatom doping is an effective strategy to improve the performance of adsorbents. Here, a comparative study of halogen-doped (X=⎔Cl, Br, I) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) materials has been systematically performed by density functional theory (DFT) and quantum analytic methods. There are four possible doped sites for h-BN, such as edge_B, edge_N, B vacancy (Bv) and N vacancy (Nv). DFT results show that the doping stability for these sites are as follows: edge_B> edge_N> Nv> Bv. Moreover, higher content of halogen-doped h-BN have also been considered. For the adsorptive desulfurization performance, the adsorption strength of dibenzothiophene (DBT) is estimated on all halogen-doped h-BN materials. Results show that all of the halogen-doped h-BN materials possess higher adsorptive desulfurization performance. Quantum analytic methods prove that the higher adsorptive desulfurization performance originates from the additional X···H-C hydrogen bonding interaction while the π-π interaction is maintained.

A Review on the Methods in Diesel Desulfurization

Background: Diesel mainly consists of paraffin and thio-aromatic compounds. Sulfur present in diesel exhaust is the major challenge for oil refineries. Sulfur is an oxidizing element that discharges as acute pollutant in the environment which has adverse effects on human and on animal life. Introduction: The scope of this review paper is to discuss and to highlight the recent advancements in process of desulfurization of diesel oil to explore the less energy intensive and more economical process. Methods: Recently, different techniques are widely used for desulfurization of diesel oil to remove sulfur containing compounds from diesel. These techniques mainly involve hydrodesulfurzation, oxidative desulfurization, biodesulfurization, ionic liquid desulfurization, and adsorption desulfurization. Conclusion: Adsorptive desulfurization technique is green, less energy incentive, and more economical technique than hydro-desulfurization, oxidative desulfurization, ionic liquid desulfurization and bio desulfurization. Optimization of adsorptive desulfurization technique may yield up to 100% desulfurization of diesel oil.

Hierarchical-pore UiO-66 modified with Ag+ for π-complexation adsorption desulfurization

Adsorption desulfurization represents an alternative technology for the effective removal of thiophenic compounds from fuels. Metal−organic frameworks have been the ideal candidates for the adsorptive desulfurization of fuel due to the high surface areas. Pristine UiO-66 is thought to be appropriate for the removal of small thiophenic compounds. This work developed a new type of hierarchical-pore (micro and mesopores) UiO-66 with a higher specific surface area and porosity for the removal of larger adsorbates using MOF-5 as the template. To enhance adsorption desulfurization performance, the Ag+-exchanged hierarchical-pore UiO-66 (HP-UiO-66-SO3Ag) with π-complexation was synthesized by the ion-exchange method. The HP-UiO-66-SO3Ag samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. Compared with the original UiO-66, the HP-UiO-66-SO3Ag has a higher specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size. The static adsorption experiments showed that HP-UiO-66-SO3Ag had a high adsorption capacity for thiophene and benzothiophene. Moreover, the HP-UiO-66-SO3Ag sample still exhibits high adsorptive performance in the presence of toluene. The regeneration results show that about 90% of the initial adsorption capacity of HP-UiO-66-SO3Ag can be regenerated after four cycles.

Highly stable Ni/ZnO‐Al2O3 adsorbent promoted by TiO2 for reactive adsorption desulfurization

AbstractThe reactive adsorption desulfurization is an important and efficient technology for the ultra‐deep desulfurization of gasoline. The performance of an adsorbent is vital for the efficiency of the reactive adsorption desulfurization process. The formation of inert spinels is commonly recognized for the deactivation of adsorbents. In this work, TiO2 was incorporated in the Ni/ZnO‐Al2O3 adsorbent to inhibit the formation of the spinel phase. The TiO2 formed a stable protection layer on the surface of Al2O3, which prevented the interaction between Al2O3 and ZnO, inhibiting the formation of the ZnAl2O4 spinel phase. The introduction of TiO2 significantly improved the stability of the adsorbents during cyclic hydrothermal treatments, while the sulfur capacity slightly dropped. Characterization results revealed that TiO2 was homogeneously dispersed on the surface of Al2O3 support and the incorporation of TiO2 could maintain a certain amount of Lewis acid sites in the adsorbents, which are favorable for the adsorption of organo‐sulfur compounds.image

Assessment of polyethylene/Zn-ionic as a diesel fuel sulfur adsorbent: gamma radiation effect and response surface methodology.

Irradiated waste high-density polyethylene@Zn/ionic liquid novel composite well-fabricated via coacervation method was irradiated by gamma-irradiation and studied the effect of that radiation on the desulfurization process. The prepared composites were characterized by various analytical techniques as follows: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), N2-adsorption-desorption isotherm, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). The adsorptive desulfurization process of benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) which are harmful compounds in diesel model fuel was investigating using the irradiated and unirradiated composite. The results illustrated that the unirradiated and irradiated composites exhibit an adequate adsorption capacity reached (50-75 mg S/g) and (60-85 mg S/g) for BT and DBT, respectively. The adsorption process over the prepared adsorbents follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The irradiated composite exhibited more adsorption capacity than the unirradiated one due to the radiation generated more surface area and created proton-bond donor sites in the composite surface, which increases the interaction between the surface and sulfur species. The adsorption capacity and adsorption percentage for irradiated and unirradiated composites towards (SCCs) were studied using response surface methodology based on the central composite design (CCD). The thermodynamic factors (∆H°, ∆G°, and ∆S°) reveal that these processes are endothermic adsorption processes. The irradiated PEt @Zn/IL was re-used without significant loss of adsorption activity. This novel irradiated PEt @Zn/IL is the first time used as an adsorbent with an advantage that includes its excellent adsorption capacity, which ensures the product will be efficient in a real process such as the petrochemical industry.

High‐performance adsorptive desulfurization by ternary hybrid boron carbon nitride aerogel

AbstractSeparation of aromatic organosulfur compounds is vital for upgrading the feed to clean fuel products, however, it remains a formidable challenge for the present adsorbents. Herein, a series of novel aerogel‐like boron carbon nitride (BCN) with three‐dimensional interconnected porous networks were fabricated via a hydrogel template and freeze‐casting strategy. The as‐prepared aerogel‐like BCN had a variable carbon content and a flexible size of graphene domain on its porous structure. The optimal BCN aerogel represents the top‐level of adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) capacity for aromatic organosulfur compounds (30.8 mg S/g adsorbent), strikingly higher than the state‐of‐the‐art aerogels adsorbents (17.1 mg S/g adsorbent) reported under similar conditions. A selective adsorption for dibenzothiophene in the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen compounds were also achieved on BCN aerogel. The adsorption isotherm and XPS measurement reveal heterogeneous adsorption on the BCN aerogel via π–π and Lewis acid–base interactions.

Chemical immobilization of amino acids into robust metal–organic framework for efficient SO2 removal

AbstractAdsorptive removal of trace SO2 emissions from flue‐gases can significantly reduce energy and water consumption and minimize the amount of unmanageable waste, however, this remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a universal strategy of chemical immobilization of amino acids into a robust metal–organic framework to enhance deep desulfurization. The grafted amino acid resulted in the formation of pores with compatible pore sizes and created abundant N‐containing moieties for selective SO2 adsorption. MOF‐808‐His (His = l‐histidine) exhibited a top‐ranking SO2 uptake (10.4 mmol g−1) with an excellent SO2/CO2 selectivity (90.5) under ambient conditions; furthermore, MOF‐808‐His could be easily regenerated. Breakthrough curves verified its excellent separation performances with water vapor and real flue‐gas compositions. Computational simulations confirmed the vital role of immobilized amino acids in improving the SO2 capture ability and selectivity. As a proof‐of‐concept, five natural amino acids were immobilized into MOF‐808; all samples displayed improved adsorptive desulfurization performances.

Facile synthesis of hierarchical micro-mesoporous HKUST-1 by a mixed-linker defect strategy for enhanced adsorptive removal of benzothiophene from fuel

Developing high-efficiency adsorbents is crucial for removing aromatic sulfur containing compounds from the fossil fuels. HKUST-1 is considered as a promising candidate of adsorbents for deep desulfurization. However, the typical HKUST-1 possesses only micropores, which restricts the diffusion and limits the desulfurization capacity. Herein, we proposed a mixed-linker defect strategy to construct a bimodal micro-mesoporous HKUST-1 to enhance adsorptive removal of benzothiophene (BT) from fuels. A rapid microwave-assisted synthetic route was developed for preparing a series of micro-meso porous OH-HKUST-1-x (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) by adjusting the ratio of 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid to benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate acid. This series of hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) features 0.7–0.8 nm and 3.4–3.8 nm micropore and mesopore, respectively. The effects of linker defects on the chemical and physical properties of the materials were systematically studied. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the as-synthesized OH-HKUST-1-x containing hydroxyl defects still retained the original crystal structure. The OH-HKUST-1-x exhibited a higher desulfurization efficiency in comparison with HKUST-1, because with increasing the mole ratio of the mixed linkers, larger pore diameters were generated. The bimodal micro-mesoporous structure facilitates adsorbates diffusion and leads to higher exposure of the unsaturated adsorptive site of Cu2+ than the microporous structure. The as-synthesized OH-HKUST-1-0.2 displayed the best performance towards adsorptive removal of BT, the static and breakthrough adsorption capacity achieved 26.30 mg S g−1 and 0.0490 mmol g−1, respectively. Additionally, after the OH-HKUST-1-0.2 was regenerated six times it still had a desulfurization performance as 88.3% of the fresh adsorbent.

Hierarchical porous HKUST-1 fabricated by microwave-assisted synthesis with CTAB for enhanced adsorptive removal of benzothiophene from fuel

• Hierarchical porous defective HKUST-1 rapidly obtained by microwave-assisted method. • Enhanced benzothiophene removal from fuel by defective HKUST-1 over HKUST-1. • Defective HKUST-1 exposes more active sites and facilitates adsorbates diffusion. • CTAB-H-0.5 shows excellent adsorption and regeneration performance for BT removal. Ultra-deep removal of thiophene sulfides from transportation fuel via adsorption has aroused great attention under the pressure of gradually demanding environmental regulations. The development of high-efficiency adsorbents is the key to adsorptive desulfurization for producing clean transportation fuels. In this work, a microwave-assisted synthesis method was applied to rapidly fabricate hierarchical porous defective HKUST-1 (DEHKUST-1) towards removing benzothiophene from model fuel by selective adsorption. The effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dosage, adsorption temperature and adsorption contact time on the DEHKUST-1 desulfurization performance were systematically investigated. The characterization results proved that both metal clusters and linker defects were generated in the as-prepared DEHKUST-1. CTAB as template could modulate the pore distribution and introduce reasonable defects in the framework of HKUST-1. At CTAB: Cu 2+ = 0.5 by mole ratio, a regular mesoporous distribution of 25–30 nm could be obtained with DEHKUST-1; it exhibited an impressive enhancement in adsorptive desulphurization performance. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent attained 14.4 mg S/g adsorbent at 20 °C in 4 h. Even after CTAB-H-0.5 was regenerated six times, its adsorption capacity remained 93% as that of the as-prepared adsorbent. An adsorption mechanism was proposed to illustrate the promoting desulfurization performance by introduction of hierarchical porous in HKUST-1. By virtue of the rapid synthesis and remarkable benzothiophene removal capacity, the DEHKUST-1 could be a potential adsorbent in desulfurization from real fuels.

Reactive Adsorption Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene in Presence of Mesoporous Adsorbents

Reactive Adsorption Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene in Presence of Mesoporous Adsorbents

Twin-fold new methodology arising from microwave induced carbonization of newspaper waste for the adsorptive desulfurization of model oil

The removal of sulfur from diesel is an important concern. In this context, it is vital to explore the potential of low-cost adsorbents for desulfurization. In the present study, a mesoporous carbonaceous material was produced from the newspaper waste and utilized in the removal of Dibenzothiophene (DBT) through adsorptive desulfurization. The microwave-assisted mesoporous carbon fostered π interaction with DBT molecules and augmented the adsorptive desulfurization. The synthesized mesoporous carbon is endowed with good textural properties, porosity and uniformly distributed active sites. The characterization techniques such as SEM-EDX, FT-IR, XRF, XPS and pore size measurements ascertained the desulfurization and the adsorption process gave best fit for Langmuir adsorption isotherm model following the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The regeneration studies ascertained the reusability of the adsorbent using toluene as the solvent for three adsorption-desorption cycles.