Adsorbent For Wastewater Treatment Research Articles

Preparation of Activated Carbon from the Wood of Paulownia tomentosa as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Acid Red 4 and Methylene Blue Present in Wastewater

Paulownia tomentosa, a woody plant that is widely found in Pakistan and in other regions of the world, was used as a raw material to prepare activated carbon using chemical and physical activation methods. Adsorption of the dyes- acid red 4 and methylene blue onto the prepared activated carbon were analyzed by batch experiments. The impacts of different adsorption parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage were also evaluated. Equilibrium data were fitted into various isotherm models such as: Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich. High regression values were achieved with Langmuir isotherm model. Different kinetic adsorption models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion model models were applied. The adsorption kinetics was found to be best-fitted into pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The optimum pH for acid red 4 was around 1 while for methylene blue it was 8. The optimum adsorbent dosage was 0.3 g for both dyes used. The activation energy (Ea) values were 30.57 and 3.712 kJ/mol, respectively for acid red 4 and methylene blue while the enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) values were correspondingly as 24.88/1.1927 kJ/mol and −2843.32/−0.329 J·mol/K for the mentioned dyes. The experimental result showed that the prepared activated carbon was the best in the removal of acid red 4 and methylene blue from aqueous media and therefore, could be preferably used as cheap adsorbent in wastewater treatment.

Cobalt/zinc based metal organic frameworks as an effective adsorbent for improved removal of As(V) and Cr(VI) in a wide pH range

Herein, a Co/Zn based metal organic frameworks (ZIF-67/ZIF-8) adsorbent was synthesized through a facile method and used for the removal of As(V) and Cr(VI) ions. The adsorbent was characterized by Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron scanning microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XPS results confirmed that a mixed metal MOF ZIF-67/ZIF-8 was formed. Several isotherm models were studied and the obtained results indicated a homogeneous monolayer adsorption described by Langmuir isotherm with maximum capacities of 69.4 and 71.4 mg g−1 for Cr(VI) and As(V) respectively. The adsorbent selectively removed both oxyanions in real water samples, i.e., a complex matrix that contained other metals and anions. The ZIF-67/ZIF-8 showed excellent adsorption properties towards the two targeted heavy metals therefore can be a great adsorbent in wastewater treatment.

Coconut shell-based activated carbon as adsorbent for the removal of dye from aqueous solution: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies

The need to develop more efficient adsorbent, comparable to commercially available adsorbent, is attracting significant interest as promising adsorbent for waste water treatment. In this study, the potential of activated carbon prepared from waste coconut shell (CSAC) for the removal of methylene blue (Mb) from aqueous solution was reported. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of Mb on CSAC. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were employed to fit and analyze the adsorption equilibrium data. The result shows Langmuir isotherm model gave the best fit and an adsorption capacity of 320.5 mg/g was obtained for Mb at pH value of 7, 0.02 g adsorbent dosage and contact time of 4.5 hour. The experimental kinetic data at different initial Mb concentrations was also analyzed with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. The obtained results showed that the pseudo-second order model fits the adsorption kinetic data with R2 range of0.9985-0.9996. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption of Mb on CSAC was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. This therefore suggests that (CSAC) is a viable adsorbent for effective removal of dye from wastewater effluent.
 Keywords: Activated carbon, Adsorption isotherms, Coconut shells, Methylene blue, kinetics.

Clay-Polymer Nanocomposites: Preparations and Utilization for Pollutants Removal.

Nowadays, people over the world face severe water scarcity despite the presence of several water sources. Adsorption is considered as the most efficient technique for the treatment of water containing biological, organic, and inorganic contaminants. For this purpose, materials from various origins (clay minerals, modified clays, zeolites, activated carbon, polymeric resins, etc.) have been considered as adsorbent for contaminants. Despite their cheapness and valuable properties, the use of clay minerals as adsorbent for wastewater treatment is limited due to many factors (low surface area, regeneration, and recovery limit, etc.). However, clay mineral can be used to enhance the performance of polymeric materials. The combination of clay minerals and polymers produces clay-polymers nanocomposites (CPNs) with advanced properties useful for pollutants removal. CPNs received a lot of attention for their efficient removal rate of various organic and inorganic contaminants via flocculation and adsorption ability. Three main classes of CPNs were developed (exfoliated nanocomposites (NCs), intercalated nanocomposites, and phase-separated microcomposites). The improved materials can be explored as novel and cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from water/wastewater. The literature reported the ability of CPNs to remove various pollutants such as bacteria, metals, phenol, tannic acid, pesticides, dyes, etc. CPNs showed higher adsorption capacity and efficient water treatment compared to the individual components. Moreover, CPNs offered better regeneration than clay materials. The present paper summarizes the different types of clay-polymers nanocomposites and their effective removal of different contaminants from water. Based on various criteria, CPNs future as promising adsorbent for water treatment is discussed.

Facial Synthesis of Adsorbent from Hemicelluloses for Cr(VI) Adsorption.

It is challenging work to develop a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly Cr(VI) adsorbent for waste water treatment. In this paper, we used hemicelluloses from chemical fiber factory waste as the raw material, and prepared two kinds of carbon materials by the green hydrothermal method as adsorbent for Cr(VI). The results showed that hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with citric acid (HTC) presented spherical shapes, and hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with ammonia solution (HTC-NH2) provided spongy structures. The adsorption capacity of the samples can be obtained by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics could be described by the pseudo-second-order model at pH 1.0. The maximum adsorption capacity of HTC-NH2 in the Langmuir model is 74.60 mg/g, much higher than that of HTC (61.25 mg/g). The green hydrothermal treatment of biomass with ammonia solution will provide a simple and feasible way to prepare adsorbent for Cr(VI) in waste water treatment.

Disposal of wooden wastes used as heavy metal adsorbents as components of building bricks

The recovery of wastes is the basis of the Circular Economy. In recent years, there is an increased interest in the use of agro-industrial wastes as simple and “low-cost” adsorbents in the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters. However, the fate or reuse of such adsorbents saturated with pollutants has not been discussed deeply. The novelty of this paper is the valorization of pine sawdust waste and pine sawdust char, previously used as adsorbents for Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and their mixture, in the manufacture of porous fired clay bricks, which are an important kind of bricks due to their low weight and low thermal conductivity. Initially, both residues were evaluated as potential adsorbents for the heavy metals under study. The obtained results were much better for biochar with adsorption efficiencies close to 100%, both in individual and mixed systems, the later closer to real wastewater cases. Finally, 20% by volume of the contaminated biomass waste was incorporated into ceramic matrices, increasing the apparent porosity with respect to a brick of reference. The evaluation of the physical properties and their mechanical characterization, determined a decrease in the quality of these bricks even still within the current regulations for construction purposes. The s-s curves showed differences in the mechanical behavior associated with the type of waste material, being those obtained for bricks with biochar similar to those of the bricks of reference. Heavy metals immobilized in the clay matrix did not introduce significant changes in the physical and mechanical properties checked. Therefore, it is possible to take advantage of wood waste used as heavy metal adsorbents in wastewater treatment, with an option for its proper disposal.

Adsorption of Cr(VI) onto a low‐cost ceramsite: Preparation, kinetics, and thermodynamics

AbstractA novel composite ceramsite derived from bamboo powders and bentonite was developed as adsorbents for waste water treatment. The microstructure, morphology, and thermal properties of ceramsite were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, and differential thermal analysis. The effect of compositions, sintering temperatures, sintering time, pH, and adsorption time on the adsorption performance of the ceramsites were studied. The results revealed that the maximum Cr(VI) removal rate of 99% can be obtained in the ceramsite with weight ratio bamboo to bentonite of 6:4, the annealing temperature of 1000°C, the solution pH 1 and contact time of 12 h. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm analysis revealed that the adsorption process best followed pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetics and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption mechanism was discussed and both chemisorption and physiosorption were proposed as adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI). Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters, including changes in Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy, were studied in detail. The bamboo powder/bentonite composite ceramsite developed in this work is a promising candidate as an effective and economical adsorbent for Cr(VI) ions removal.

MAGNETIC CHITOSAN NANOCOMPOSITES AS ADSORBENTS IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT: A BRIEF REVIEW

In recent decades, the increasing demand for chemicals has led to producing large volumes of wastewater streams, which should be treated before their release into the environment. Chitosan, a marine polysaccharide derived from chitin, has recently attracted great attention as a promising adsorbent to eliminate ionic dyes and metals from industrial waste streams. Nevertheless, chitosan has its drawbacks, such as its rather weak mechanical properties, low surface area and difficult separation from final streams. The incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles into chitosan may be considered as one of the most effective remedies for the mentioned challenges. This paper addresses the efforts that have been recently made for the application of magnetic nanoparticles/chitosan nanocomposites (MCNCs) as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. In this regard, the synthesis methods, physicochemical properties, and the effects of operational conditions on the performance of MCNCs have been reviewed. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and mechanisms are also highlighted.

Impact of metal nanoparticles on the ecology of aquatic biocenosis and microbial communities (Review)

This review contains analysis and generalization of data about aquatic ecotoxicity of metal nanoparticles study. This study showed the effect of their impact on the viability of protozoa, algae, microbial communities. A multi-level approach proves to be important as it considers the main characteristics of the studied materials: solubility, agglomeration, degradation. The transformation in the aquatic environment is important in the study of aquatic ecotoxicity. For assessing the state of environment in ecotoxicological experiments, the Great Daphnia (Daphnia magna) was used as a critical organism of the freshwater ecosystem, due to its high sensitivity to environmental pollution, small body size, and short lifespan. In this regard, numerous studies on the effect of nanoparticles on the state of aquatic ecosystem are carried out on Daphnia magna. The review presents some methodological approaches to test the toxicity of nanoparticles in aquatic environment and assessing their stability. It is proposed to carry out a total assessment of the effect based on the content of pollutants in water with different toxic potentials, given that organisms, including aquatic organisms, are rarely exposed to certain chemicals. A promising approach to the assessment of cytotoxicity is high-throughput screening (HTS), which offers the opportunity to quickly test the effects of nanoparticles on bacteria in parallel in several concentrations. Algae are the most important participants in ecosystem and main components of the food chain. It allows recommending them as a marker when monitoring the environmental pollution by metal nanoparticles. Particular attention is paid to perspectives for further wider use of nanostructured products as adsorbents in wastewater treatment and recultivation processes. Search and selection of sources for review carried out in open databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and RSCI (Russian Science Citation Index) for 2007 - 2018 period.

Fixed Bed Column Studies for the Adsorption of Cadmium onto Cockle Shell (Anadara Granosa) Powder

Recently, the pollution of heavy metal ions is getting more attention due to economic development. A number of methods have been proposed for the removal of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions, and the adsorption technique has been widely utilized due to the effectiveness and flexibility. Cockles are marine bivalve molluscs and their shells are discharged as waste by many restaurants and marine product manufacturers, which causes environmental problems. Cockle shells can be economically reused as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment. In this report, cockle shells were recycled as a material for the removal of cadmium (II) ion by adsorption in a fixed bed column. Experiments were designed according to the Box-Behnken scheme to investigate the effect of the column parameters such as inlet ion concentration, feed flow rate, and mass of adsorbent. The breakthrough curves from experiments were analyzed with Thomas, Bohart-Adams, and Yoon-Nelson models. The results also indicate that the powder derived from cockle shells can be used as a low cost and effective adsorbent for heavy metal removal such as cadmium in a fixed bed column. The observation suggests that the Thomas model and the Yoon-Nelson model are more suitable to predict the adsorption of cadmium (II) ions on onto cockle shell powder in fixed-bed operation mode.

An overview of geological originated materials as a trend for adsorption in wastewater treatment

Adsorption is a unit operation widely used for the tertiary treatment of the most diverse effluents, whose mechanism is based on removing recalcitrant compounds from the organic and inorganic origin. In this process, choosing a suitable adsorbent is a fundamental point. This review article focuses on the adsorbents with natural geological origin: minerals, clays, geopolymers, and even wastes resulted from mining activity. Therefore, over 450 articles and research papers were explored. These materials' main sources are described, and their characteristics, composition, and intrinsic properties are related to adsorption. Herein, we discuss the effects of several process parameters, such as pH, temperature, pollutant, and adsorbent concentration. Furthermore, equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic aspects are also addressed, and relevant regeneration prospects and final disposal. Finally, some suggestions and perspectives on applying these adsorbents in wastewater treatment are presented as future trends.

Insight into the adsorption kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto pectin-alginate-titania composite microparticles

In the present study, pectin-alginate-titania (PAT) composites were synthesized and the adsorptive removal behavior of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution, as a model of synthetic organic effluents, onto the prepared PAT composites were investigated by monitoring the effect of contact time, initial MB concentration, and temperature. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting the surface heterogeneity of the PAT composites and that the MB adsorption occurred on the active sites on multilayer surface of the composites. The adsorption kinetics of MB was demonstrated to be pseudo-second order, governed by two intraparticle diffusion rates, and the adsorption process was exothermic, spontaneous, and more disorder. The Langmuir isotherm model suggested that the maximum adsorption capacity of MB on the PAT composites was in the range of 435–637 mg g–1. In general, it increased with the TiO2 NPs content in the PAT composites, due most likely to the increase in surface area exposing more functional groups of the pectin and alginate to interact with the synthetic dye. The adsorptive removal of MB by the PAT composites was found to be more efficient compared with many other reported adsorbents, such as graphene oxide hybrids, pectin microspheres, magnetite-silica-pectin composites, clay-based materials, chemically treated minerals, and agricultural waste. The present study therefore demonstrated for the first time that PAT composites are not only promising to be utilized as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment, but also provide an insight into the adsorption mechanism of the synthetic dyes onto the biopolymers-titania composites.Graphic abstractInsight into the adsorption kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto pectin-alginate-titania composite microparticles.

One-Step Carbothermal Synthesis of Super Nanoadsorbents for Rapid and Recyclable Wastewater Treatment

As a potential magnetic super adsorbent in wastewater treatment, Fe3O4 has been researched intensively up to date. However, its key problem of poor comprehensive magnetic properties is still challenging. In this work, an effective solution to this problem has been developed by a one-step carbothermal synthesis of Fe3O4 crystals, which are merited with pure-stoichiometry (FeO-phase free), high crystallinity, small-size (~10 nm), strong magnetism and sensitive magnetic response. The unveiled saturation magnetization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles reaches as high as 90.32 emu·g−1, and the fastest magnetic response time is as short as only 5 s. Such magnetic Fe3O4 super adsorbents exhibit outstanding performance when applied as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment. They can quickly and effectively adsorb methylene blue with an adsorption capacity of 62.5 mg·g−1, which is much higher than that of Fe3O4 adsorbents prepared by other methods reported in the literature. Importantly, this capacity is refreshable after removing the adsorbed methylene blue just by ultrasonic cleaning. With such combined outstanding magnetic properties and recyclable adsorption capacity, the problems associated with the conventional adsorbent solid–liquid separation could be resolved, thus making a forward development towards industrial wastewater treatment.

Recycling of Steel Industry Waste Acid in the Preparation of Fe3O4 Nanocomposite for Heavy Metals Remediation from Wastewater

This study was steered to convert waste acid ensued from the pickling process in steel industries to an esteemed nanocomposite for the elimination of heavy metals (HMs) from wastewater. Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) preparation from waste was performed by the co-precipitation method. These magnetic nanoparticles are modified by carboxymethyl-a-cyclodextrin polymer (CM-a-CD) through copolymerization reactions. The data obtained from FTIR, XRD, and TEM point up that CM-a-CD is entrenched onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The generated CM-a-CD / Fe3O4 was employed for HMs deportation from contaminated water and the adsorption results revealed that CM-a-CD/ Fe3O4 sorption efficiency was in the order of Pb(II) ] Cd(II) ] Cr(VI). The highest adsorption capacity was 64.2 (mg/g) for Pb(II). The kinetic study revealed that the HMs sorption by CM-a-CD/ Fe3O4 follows the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium modeling study proved that the Langmuir isotherm model was more fitting. The coexisting ions do not significantly alter the percentage removal of the measured metal ions. The efficiency of the synthesized polymer is particularly high in the tested field samples. Thus, CM-a-CD/ Fe3O4 has an extremely high adsorption capability in the field application as well as excellent reusability results, which will reduce the cost for the CM-a-CD / Fe3O4 as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Ceramic hydroxyapatite foam as a new material for Bisphenol A removal from contaminated water.

Ceramic hydroxyapatite foam (CF-HAP) was prepared by combining slip-casting and foaming methods. The prepared CF-HAP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), physisorption of N2, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the specific surface area and SEM analyses revealed that the used shaping method provides CF-HAP with a wide range of porosity including macro and mesopores. Based on FTIR and XRD analyses, the CF-HAP is similar to pure well-crystallized hydroxyapatite. The adsorption results revealed that 94% of the BPA with a concentration of (40mg/L) was effectively removed from the water and that the maximum adsorption capacity was higher in acidic than in basic medium. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption reaction was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorption capacity increased with the temperature and the BPA is chemisorbed on the ceramic foam. The isotherm data fitted slightly better with the Liu than with the Freundlich and Langmuir models suggesting that the adsorption was homogeneous and occurred only in the monolayer. The adsorption process depends largely on the BPA concentration and the results fitted well with the pseudo-first-order model. This confirms that the interaction between the BPA and the CF-HAP was mainly chemical in nature. The FTIR analysis of the used and fresh CF-HAP showed that all the hydroxyl and phosphorus bands characteristic of the hydroxyapatite shifted after adsorption of Bisphenol A. This suggests that the adsorption of Bisphenol A occurred in the sites of the hydroxyapatite. Therefore, it can be concluded that the CF-HAP has the potential to be used as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment and purification processes.

Effective removal of cationic methylene blue dye using nano‐hydroxyapatite synthesized from fish scale bio‐waste

AbstractNano‐hydroxyapatite (NHAp) with a novel rod shape was synthesized from an economical and easily accessible Labeo rohita fish scale bio‐waste by facile and straightforward alkaline heat treatment method. The purity, functionality, morphology, and surface area of the green synthesized NHAp powder were well‐characterized via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET). The TEM and BET results indicate that the apatite is prepared as a rod‐like particle and highly porous with high surface area (112.36 m2 g−1). The NHAp powder was used for the adsorptive removal of cationic dye‐methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous samples. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the mechanism of adsorption and kinetic models. The NHAp achieved an enhanced adsorption efficiency (666.67 mg g−1) for the adsorption process. The obtained results perfectly obeyed the pseudo‐second‐order model, and the Langmuir isotherm exhibited an excellent relationship with the experimental data. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies reveal that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, the results proved that Labeo rohita fish scale bio‐waste derived NHAp can be inventively utilized as a cost‐effective and eco‐friendly adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Removal of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solution by using recycled carbon black from waste tyres

The conversion of industrial waste into adsorbent for wastewater treatment is desirable as it promises cost-effective adsorbent and reduces waste productions. Adsorption of the 4-nitrophenol by recycled carbon black (rCB) and modified rCB (MCB) was investigated in this research to determine their adsorption capacity by varying various parameters: initial concentration, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The surface morphology, surface chemistry, iodine adsorption number and ash content of both samples were also analysed. The adsorption characteristic of 4-nitrophenol was determined by equilibrium and kinetic studies. Equilibrium isotherm was tested by using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacity of 4-nitrophenol onto rCB and MCB was found to be 7.46 mg/g and 21.83 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data of both rCB and MCB fit better to pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This study also demonstrated MCB adsorbent better capability to remove 4-nitrophenol compounds in neutral and basic environments.

Copper(II)-Activated carbon from biomass waste for methylene blue uptake

Biomass wastes such as date seeds could be used as a raw material in the preparation of activated carbon (AC). The AC has been acknowledged as one of the popular adsorbents in wastewater treatment in removing azo dyes that has a negative impact on the aquatic and human lives. In this study, the efficiency of copper(II)-activated carbon (Cu(II)-AC) from biomass waste as a precursor material for removal of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution was investigated. The batch study was conducted at MB dye concentration of 10 ppm for 90 min with a various variable on the parameters such as different adsorbents, the effect of light, pH, and mass of Cu(II)-AC. The percentage of dye removal was determined by using UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) for each treatment. The results revealed that the 0.1 g Cu(II)-AC is an efficient MB dye removal for a wide range of pH (2, 7, 10) with or without the presence of light in a short time of 15 min.

Magnetic zeolite: A green reusable adsorbent in wastewater treatment

Zeolite is a type of crystalline aluminium - containing silicate made by the allocation of oxygen atoms in the framework of aluminium and silicate tetrahedral structure resulting in an open framework structure of three-dimension tetrahedral units. Magnetic zeolite is the combination of adsorption properties of zeolite with the magnetic properties of magnetic oxides which together forms a novel magnetic adsorbent. In recent years, it has attracted a huge attention in order to synthesize magnetically modified zeolite as magnetic materials can be separated easily from solution. Recent year studies on the application of magnetic zeolite on wastewater treatment indicate that magnetic zeolite can be used to remove dyes like methylene blue, antibiotics such as cephalexin, heavy metals such as Cr6+, Cu2+, Pb2+, from water and can be separated easily by a simple magnetic proces.

Alkali activated porous material with nano graphene oxide as adsorbent in wastewater treatment

Removal of contaminants, impurities and suspended solid matter are termed as water treatment. The possible water treatment methods are coagulation, filtration, ion exchange, aerobic and non aerobic methods. But all this involves high cost. Earlier filtration using granular sand was termed as the efficient way of water treatment. But due to the non-availability of sand this method is no more adopted. The most effective and easy means of treatment of water and waste water is adsorption method because it is an easy and convenient method. Though there are many adsorbents like activated carbon, clay minerals, zeolite, plant based and industrial based by products, the commonly used material is activated carbon which is again a costly investment. The next effective material is the zeolite. It has proved to perform well than the granular media and conventional activated carbon in removing heavy metals and ammonia. The advantage of using zeolite is that it adsorbs these contaminants in its pores and forms a strong bond which prevents leaching of these contaminants back to the ground water. The other advantages are the high specific surface area which facilities efficient adsorption, reduces the number of back-wash cycles, non-toxic and environmental friendly. Zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicates classified as natural and synthetic zeolites. The natural one is gluconites or green sand and the synthetic one is permutit which contains sodium in it. Inspite of many advantages in using zeolite the greatest disadvantage is that the treated water has Na+ ions which replaces the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. So when such waters are used sodium bicarbonate hydrolysis to sodium hydroxide which causes corrosion of boilers and also water having high turbidity cannot be effectively treated by this method. This research work will be focused on synthesizing alkali activated aerated concrete with graphene oxide which is porous and which can act as an efficient adsorbent in removing the contaminants from water and waste water respectively.