Solid-phase Microextraction Adsorbent Research Articles

Carbonized silk fibers for in-tube solid-phase microextraction to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples.

Silk fibers were carbonized to develop a biomass carbon material as an adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction. The surface structure of the carbonized silk fibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the graphitization degree was determined by Raman spectrometry. After carbonization under high temperature, the orderliness and structural regularity of carbon atoms on silk fibers were promoted. Extraction tube packed with carbonized silk fibers was prepared for in-tube solid-phase microextraction. Coupled with high performance liquid chromatography, it exhibited good extraction performance for hydrophobic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Main parameters including sampling volume, sampling rate, methanol content in sample, and desorption time were systematically investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the analysis method was established and it exhibited wide linear range (0.016-20 μg/L) with good linearity (correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9947), low limits of detection (0.005-0.050 μg/L), and high enrichment factors (1189-2775). Relative standard deviations (n=3) for intraday (≤3.3%) and interday (≤9.6%) tests indicated that the extraction material had satisfactory repeatability. Finally, the analytical method was successfully applied to detect trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in real water samples, demonstrating its satisfactory practicability.

Triazine-based porous organic framework as adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction of some organochlorine pesticides

Triazine-based porous organic frameworks (POFs) were constructed through a Friedel-Crafts reaction of cyanuric chloride (CC) with triphenylamine (TPA) monomers. The obtained POFs (CC-TPAs) were explored as the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coatings for the extraction of the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). It was found that the mesoporous volume of the CC-TPAs was the main factor for their SPME adsorption performance. The CC-TPA-based fiber was successfully used for the SPME of the OCPs from fruit samples (apple, peach and pear). With the help of gas chromatography-micro-electron capture detection, the CC-TPA-based SPME method showed high enrichment factors (146–456), low limits of detection (0.032–0.090 ng g−1), good linearity (0.11–20 ng g−1, r2 > 0.991) and satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviations <10.5%) for the OCPs. The method recoveries for spiked OCPs at the concentrations of 0.5, 2.0 and 10.0 ng g-1 in fruit samples were in the range of 86.0–114.0%, 83.5–116.5% and 81.1–118.6%, respectively. The CC-TPA coated fiber was stable enough for 100 extraction cycles without significant loss of the extraction efficiency.

A spherical metal-organic coordination polymer for the microextraction of neonicotinoid insecticides prior to their determination by HPLC.

The authors describe a new spherical metal-organic coordination polymer (MOCP) for use as an adsorbent in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). By applying the ions Co(II), Fe(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) in these polymers, MOCP with different morphology were obtained. The respective coatings for SPME display different extraction efficiency towards neonicotinoid insecticides (neo-nics). The Co(II)@MOCP coating displays an improved extraction capability for neo-nics when compared to the four commercially available coatings studied. Following extraction with the Co(II)@MOCP-coated fiber, the neo-nics were eluted using 1mL of trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile solution and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The method, when applied to spiked honey samples, has good linearity (0.5-600μgkg-1) and a low limit of detection (0.05-0.15μgkg-1). The precision (n= 6) for a single fiber was in the range of 3.6-8.3%. The reproducibility (forn= 5) from fiber-to-fiber ranges between 5.4 and 8.8%. The Co(II)@MOCP-coated fiber can be reused more than 80 times without any apparent reduction in its performance. In addition, the relative recoveries from spiked honey samples are very good (91.5%-103.5%). Graphical abstract A spherical metal-organic coordination polymer (MOCP) was synthesized under the regulation of Co(II) and used for the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of neonicotinoid insecticides found in honey.

Enhancing enrichment ability of a nanoporous carbon based solid-phase microextraction device by a morphological modulation strategy

Recent works of designing excellent adsorbents emphasized on the specific surface areas and porosities of the materials. This study presents the influence of morphological modulation on extraction efficiencies of materials for the first time. Sea urchin-like nanoporous carbon (NPC), derived from metal organic framework (MOF), was synthesized and fabricated as solid phase microextraction (SPME) device. The morphological modulated structure of the NPC, with enhanced effective adsorption sites produced by the pointed and sharp edges, could improve the extraction efficiencies of the NPC. Comparing with the unmodulated one, NPC with morphological modulation possessed higher extraction efficiencies (2 flod) as well as accelerated sampling rates (5 flod) on benzene series compounds (BTEX), improving the sensitivity of the sampling method (limits of detection ranged from 0.08 ng L−1 to 0.36 ng L−1). Moreover, it was also the first time that the moisture sensitive MOF-derived NPC was exploited as the SPME adsorbent. In general, this study was expected to be an important advance in broadening the approaches on designing a superior SPME adsorbents not only emphasizing on the specific surface area as well as porosity but also the morphology.

One-pot preparation of an acryloyled β-cyclodextrin-silica hybrid monolithic column and its application for determination of carbendazim and carbaryl

This work describes, for the first time, an acryloyled β-cyclodextrin hybrid monolith column was synthesized, under aqueous-phase conditions, and used for solid-phase microextraction of carbendazim and carbaryl. The monolithic column was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and used as the adsorbent for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of carbendazim and carbaryl. After optimization of the SPME conditions, a simple and sensitive SPME-HPLC method was developed for the determination of carbendazim and carbaryl in leafy vegetables. The method exhibited a good liner response in the range 5–400 μg/kg (R2 = 0.9994) for carbendazim and 10–400 μg/kg (R2 = 0.9996) for carbaryl, respectively. The limits of detection were 1.0 and 1.5 μg/kg for carbendazim and carbaryl, respectively, in leafy vegetables. Recoveries ranged from 92.6% to 110.1%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 6.1%.

Moisture stable Ni-Zn MOF/g-C3N4 nanoflowers: A highly efficient adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction of PAHs

Volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and soil are associated with status in the human body. Development of simple, efficient detection method is challenging due to the coating could be attacked by the abundance of water in the direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction. The stability of coating is essential to the analysis results. In this paper, a stable Ni-Zn MOF/g-C3N4 (MG NFs) nanoflowers with cavity traps structure was firstly reported and acted as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) adsorbent for PAHs. Markedly enhanced moisture and acid stability of the MG NFs was obtained through the doping the hydrophobic graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and metal ions into metal organic frameworks (MOFs). The aperture environment and ambient environment of MG NFs were changed by the doping of the Ni and the g-C3N4, respectively. The moisture and acid stability of MG NFs were prominently increased under the dual protection. Compared to commonly used commercial coatings, the MG NFs own large surface area, unique nanoflowers structure and numerous open metal sites on the nanosheets, which demonstrated significant extraction superiority for PAHs. The MG NFs coated fiber was used for the SPME preconcentration of PAHs and couped with GC–MS for detecting PAHs. It presented low detection limits (0.1–3.0 ng L−1), wide linearity (0.3–5000.0 ng L−1) and good linearity (the correlation coefficient >0.9951). The inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 3) for three replicate extractions using one fiber was 3.8%–9.1%, and 3.5%–9.2%, respectively. The fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (n = 3) was 4.2–11.8%. The coupling method was successfully applied in the analysis of real water and soil samples with satisfactory recoveries of 82.9–109.2%, 84.2–106.4%, and the corresponding RSDs were 2.4–11.3%, 3.6–10.8%, respectively. The results indicated the effectiveness of NG NFs coated fiber in further practical application.

Facile synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon from crude biomass for high-performance solid-phase microextraction

Porous materials have great prospective applications for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology because of their large specific surface area and pore volume. In this study, a hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) was synthesized by simple hydrothermal reaction and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation of crude biomass and found to be an efficient adsorbent for SPME of organic pollutants. Results show that the as-prepared HPC has a partly graphitic amorphous-like structure with ultrahigh specific surface area (2551 m2/g), high pore volume (1.53 cm3/g), good pore size distribution (PSD) (mesopore/micropore ratio of 68%), and great thermal stability (>450 °C). When we utilized it as SPME fiber coating, the extraction capacities for chlorobenzenes (CBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phthalates (PAEs) were, respectively, 1.13–39.46, 2.40–7.78, 1.34–36.02, and 1.50–1.83 times higher than those of a commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. Under the optimized extraction conditions, an analytical method for CBs with low detection limits (0.01–0.24 ng/L), good repeatability (1.00%–4.93% for intra-day, 1.11%–6.94% for inter-day), and great reproducibility (1.48%–8.91%, n = 3) was developed. Moreover, we evaluated the practicality of the developed method for environmental water sample and obtained satisfactory recoveries (86.21%–104.34%). The findings provide a novel and promising HPC from crude biomass using a low-cost and facile synthetic route for SPME applications.

Optimisation of headspace solid phase microextraction for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in human milk samples

Adsorption capacity is the major sensitivity-limited factor in solid-phase microextraction. Due to its light-weight properties, large specific surface area and high porosity, especially tunable pore structures, the utilization of porous organic polymers as solid-phase microextraction adsorbents has attracting researchers' attentions. However, these works mostly concentrated on the utilization of specific porous organic polymers for preparing high-performance solid-phase microextraction coatings. The relationship between pore structures and adsorption performance of the porous organic polymers still remain unclear. Herein, three porous organic polymers with similar properties but different pore distributions were prepared by condensation polymerization reaction of phloroglucinol and terephthalaldehyde, which were fabricated as solid-phase microextraction coatings subsequently. The adsorption capacity of the porous organic polymers-coated fibers were evaluated by using benzene and its derivatives (i.e.,benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the target analytes. The results showed that the different adsorption performance of these porous organic polymers was mainly caused by their different pore volumes instead of their surface areas or pore sizes. Finally, the proposed method by using the mesoporous organic polymer coating was successfully applied to the determination of benzene and its derivatives in environmental water samples. As for analytical performance, high pre-concentration factors (74–2984), satisfactory relative recoveries (94.5 ± 18.5–116.9 ± 12.5%), intraday precision (2.44–5.34%), inter-day precision (4.62–7.02%), low limit of detections (LODs, 0.10–0.29 ng L−1) and limit of quantifications (LOQs, 0.33–0.96 ng L−1) were achieved under the optimal conditions. This study provides an important idea in the rational design of porous organic polymers for solid-phase microextraction or other adsorption applications.

Porous organic polymers with different pore structures for sensitive solid-phase microextraction of environmental organic pollutants

Adsorption capacity is the major sensitivity-limited factor in solid-phase microextraction. Due to its light-weight properties, large specific surface area and high porosity, especially tunable pore structures, the utilization of porous organic polymers as solid-phase microextraction adsorbents has attracting researchers' attentions. However, these works mostly concentrated on the utilization of specific porous organic polymers for preparing high-performance solid-phase microextraction coatings. The relationship between pore structures and adsorption performance of the porous organic polymers still remain unclear. Herein, three porous organic polymers with similar properties but different pore distributions were prepared by condensation polymerization reaction of phloroglucinol and terephthalaldehyde, which were fabricated as solid-phase microextraction coatings subsequently. The adsorption capacity of the porous organic polymers-coated fibers were evaluated by using benzene and its derivatives (i.e.,benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m-xylene) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the target analytes. The results showed that the different adsorption performance of these porous organic polymers was mainly caused by their different pore volumes instead of their surface areas or pore sizes. Finally, the proposed method by using the mesoporous organic polymer coating was successfully applied to the determination of benzene and its derivatives in environmental water samples. As for analytical performance, high pre-concentration factors (74–2984), satisfactory relative recoveries (94.5 ± 18.5–116.9 ± 12.5%), intraday precision (2.44–5.34%), inter-day precision (4.62–7.02%), low limit of detections (LODs, 0.10–0.29 ng L−1) and limit of quantifications (LOQs, 0.33–0.96 ng L−1) were achieved under the optimal conditions. This study provides an important idea in the rational design of porous organic polymers for solid-phase microextraction or other adsorption applications.

Nanostructured metal–organic frameworks, TMU-4, TMU-5, and TMU-6, as novel adsorbents for solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Zn(ii) based metal–organic frameworks were coated onto stainless steel wire and applied to the headspace solid phase microextraction of PAHs.

Bread-derived carbon foam as an adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers

In this work, bread-derived carbon foam (CF) was synthesized and used as a sorbent for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of pollutants from environmental water samples.

A Simple Approach to Enhance the Water Stability of a Metal-Organic Framework.

A facile method to improve the feasibility of water-unstable metal-organic frameworks in an aqueous environment has been developed that involves imbedding in a polymer monolith. The effect of compartment type during polymerization plays a significant role in maintaining the crystalline structure and thermal stability of the MOFs, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The MOF-polymer composite prepared in a narrow compartment (column, ID 0.8 mm) has better thermal and chemical stability than that prepared in a broad compartment (vial, ID 7 mm). The developed MOF-polymer composite was applied as an adsorbent in solid-phase microextraction of nine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and could be used for extraction more than 30 times, demonstrating that the proposed approach has potential for industrial applications.

Metal–Organic Framework@Microporous Organic Network as Adsorbent for Solid-Phase Microextraction

The practical applications of moisture sensitive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the extraction technique are faced with avoided challenges related to competitive adsorption and hydrostability. The target analytes cannot be effectively extracted under humid conditions because of the competitive moisture adsorption and/or framework structure collapse of MOFs. In this Letter, metal-organic framework (MOF)@microporous organic network (MON) hybrid materials were explored for the first time as fiber coatings for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Microporous materials with a hydrophobic surface was formed by coating the MOFs (MIL-101 and MOF-5) with MON through a sonogashira coupling reaction. MON acted as a hydrophobic "shield" to hinder the competitive moisture adsorption and improve moisture resistance and stability of the fiber. The sorbent exhibited higher enrichment factors (1215-3805) toward PAHs than other analytes in the water samples. An SPME method using MOF@MON-based fiber was developed to quantitatively determine PAHs. The proposed method was successfully applied to analyze PAHs in environmental water, particulate matter (PM2.5), and food samples. A successful technique is proposed to chemically control MOF for applications in solid-phase sorption-based extraction techniques.

Determination of imidazole derivatives by micellar electrokinetic chromatography combined with solid-phase microextraction using activated carbon-polymer monolith as adsorbent

In this study, an effective method for the separation of imidazole derivatives 2-methylimidazole (2-MEI), 4- methylimidazole (4-MEI) and 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI) in caramel colors using cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-sweeping-MEKC) was developed. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for the CSEI-sweeping-MEKC method were in the range of 4.3–80μgL−1 and 14–270μgL−1, respectively. Meanwhile, a rapid fabrication activated carbon-polymer (AC-polymer) monolithic column as adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of imidazole colors was developed. Under the optimized SPME condition, the extraction recoveries for intra-day, inter-day and column-to-column were in the range of 84.5–95.1% (<6.3% RSDs), 85.6–96.1% (<4.9% RSDs), and 81.3–96.1% (<7.1% RSDs), respectively. The LODs and LOQs of AC-polymer monolithic column combined with CSEI-sweeping-MEKC method were in the range of 33.4–60.4μgL−1 and 111.7–201.2μgL−1, respectively. The use of AC-polymer as SPME adsorbent demonstrated the reduction of matrix effect in food samples such as soft drink and alcoholic beverage thereby benefiting successful determination of trace-level caramel colors residues using CSEI-sweeping-MEKC method. The developed AC-polymer monolithic column can be reused for more than 30 times without any significant loss in the extraction recovery for imidazole derivatives.

In Situ Synthesis of Porous Carbons by Using Room-Temperature, Atmospheric-Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma as High-Performance Adsorbents for Solid-Phase Microextraction.

A one-step, template-free method is described to synthesize porous carbons (PCs) in situ on a metal surface by using a room-temperature, atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. This method not only features high efficiency, environmentally friendliness, and low cost and simple equipment, but also can conveniently realize large-area synthesis of PCs by only changing the design of the DBD reactor. The synthesized PCs have a regulated nestlike morphology, and thus, provide a high specific surface area and high pore volume, which result in excellent adsorption properties. Its applicability was demonstrated by using a PC-coated stainless-steel fiber as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber to preconcentrate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) prior to analysis by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The results showed that the fiber exhibited excellent enrichment factors (4.1×10(4) to 3.1×10(5)) toward all tested PAHs. Thus, the PC-based SPME-GC-FID provides low limits of detection (2 to 20 ng L(-1)), good precision (<7.8%), and good recoveries (80-115%) for ultra-sensitive determination of PAHs in real water samples. In addition, the PC-coated fiber could be stable enough for more than 500 replicate extraction cycles.

The Synthesis of New Solid-phase Microextraction Adsorption Material and Its Adsorption Performance

This article uses three kinds of monomers: the styrene, butyl acrylate and Vinyltriisopropoxysilane, synthesized the solid phase micro extract coating adsorption material, carries on the structure characterization and the physical performance test. Takes it as the solid phase micro extract coating, carries on the inspection to its adsorbability, the experiment obtains the detection limit of the benzene which is 0.21 µ g/L; The detection limit of the toluene is 30 µ g/L; The detection limit of the m-Xylene is 0.55 µ g/L. Indicated the adsorptivity of this polymer has more effection toward the small molecular aromatic hydrocarbon as the solid phase micro extract coating adsorption material, and the limit of detection is lower compared to the commodity extract coating, there are some promotion and adoption value.

Preliminary evaluation of a next-generation portable gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for the on-site analysis of ignitable liquid residues

The detection of ignitable liquid residues (ILRs) at a fire scene can be valuable evidence to indicate if the fire may have been deliberately set. In this study, a commercially-available portable GC-MS, the TRIDION-9, was evaluated for the purpose of on-site fire debris analysis. The instrument, which incorporates a low thermal mass capillary GC and a miniaturised toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer, is designed to use solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as the default sampling method. Four ignitable liquids (petrol, mineral turpentine, kerosene and diesel) and seven substrates (nylon, polypropylene and wool carpet, rubber and foam underlay, untreated pine and polyurethane) were considered. After method optimisation, substrates were burned and spiked with 0.1 μL of ignitable liquid (mineral turpentine, kerosene, diesel fuel, and both neat and weathered unleaded petrol). Sampling was performed via passive headspace SPME adsorption over 3 min immediately followed by analysis using the TRIDION-9 (analysis time < 2 min). Field trials were performed on fire debris samples collected from an accelerated structural fire. The data from the portable GC-MS analyses permitted the detection and correct classification of ILRs in the majority of samples analysed. Overall, the TRIDION-9 was found to be well-suited to the field-based analysis of fire debris samples as a preliminary screen to provide rapid presumptive results for fire investigators.

A poly(alkyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene-vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride) monolithic column for solid-phase microextraction

In this study, an organic polymer monolithic columns, which were prepared via in situ polymerization of alkyl methacrylate-ester (AMA), divinylbenzene (DVB) and vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTA, charged monomer), were developed as adsorbent for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency for nine (9) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the ratio of the stearyl methacrylate (SMA) to DVB monomer, column length, sample pH, extraction flow rate and desorption solvent were investigated to obtain the optimal SPME condition. Also, the permeability for each poly(AMA-DVB-VBTA) monolithic column was investigated by adding porogenic solvent (poly(ethylene glycol), PEG). Using the optimized condition, a series of AMA-based poly(AMA-DVB-VBTA) monolith columns were developed to determine the effect the extraction efficiency of NSAIDs by varying the alkyl chain length of the methacrylate ester (methyl-, butyl-, octyl-, or lauryl-methacrylate; (MMA, BMA, OMA, LMA)). Results showed that decreasing the AMA chain length increases the extraction efficiency of some NSAIDs (i.e. sulindac (sul), naproxen (nap), ketoprofen (ket) and indomethacin (idm)). Among the poly(AMA-DVB-VBTA) monolithic columns, poly(BMA-DVB-VBTA) showed a highly repeatable extraction efficiency for NSAIDs with recoveries ranging from 85.0 to 100.2% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 6.8% (n=3). The poly(BMA-DVB-VBTA) can also be reused for at least 50 times without any significant effect in extraction efficiency for NSAIDs. Finally, using the established conditions, the poly(BMA-DVB-VBTA) was used to extract trace-level NSAIDs (100μgL−1) in river water with good recoveries ranging from 75.8 to 90.8% (RSD<14.9%).

The sensitive and selective adsorption of aromatic compounds with highly crosslinked polymer nanoparticles

This study presents the preparation and characterization of a nanoscale Davankov-type hyper-crosslinked-polymer (HCP) as an adsorbent of benzene-ring-containing dyes and organic pollutants. HCP nanoparticles post-crosslinked from a poly(DVB-co-VBC) precursor were synthesized in this study, possessing ultrahigh surface area, hydrophobicity and stability. The as-synthesized Davankov-type HCP exhibited a rapid and selective adsorption ability towards the benzene-ring-containing dyes due to its highly conjugated structure. Besides, for the first time, the prepared HCP nanoparticles were adopted for the adsorption of nonpolar organic pollutants by means of solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Owing to its high hydrophobicity, diverse pore size distribution and highly conjugated structure, a 10 μm HCP coating exhibited excellent adsorption abilities towards benzene-ring-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene series compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene; abbreviated to BTEX) and to highly hydrophobic long-chain n-alkanes. Finally, the HCP-nanoparticles-coated SPME fiber was applied to the simultaneous analysis of five PAHs in environmental water samples and satisfactory recoveries were achieved. The findings could provide a new benchmark for the exploitation of superb HCPs as effective adsorbents for SPME or other adsorption applications.

Ionic-liquid-mediated poly(dimethylsiloxane)- grafted carbon nanotube fiber prepared by the sol-gel technique for the head space solid-phase microextraction of methyl tert -butyl ether using GC

A headspace solid-phase microextraction method was developed for the preconcentration and extraction of methyl tert-butyl ether. An ionic-liquid-mediated multiwalled carbon nanotube-poly(dimethylsiloxane) hybrid coating, which was prepared by covalent functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with hydroxyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) using the sol-gel technique, was used as solid-phase microextraction adsorbent. This innovative fiber exhibited a highly porous surface structure, high thermal stability (at least 320°C) and long lifespan (over 210 uses). Potential factors affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the method LOD (S/N = 3) was 0.007 ng/mL and the LOQ (S/N = 10) was 0.03 ng/mL. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.03-200 ng/mL. The RSDs for one fiber (repeatability, n = 5) at three different concentrations (0.05, 1, and 150 ng/mL) were 5.1, 4.2, and 4.6% and for the fibers obtained from different batches (reproducibility, n = 3) were 6.5, 5.9, and 6.3%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of methyl tert-butyl ether in different real water samples on three consecutive days. The relative recoveries for the spiked samples with 0.05, 1, and 150 ng/mL were between 94-104%.