Adsorption Of Methylene Blue Dye Research Articles

Synthesis of bioinspired sorbent and their exploitation for methylene blue remediation

In this research article, novel starch phosphate grafted polyvinyl imidazole (StP-g-PIMDZs) was synthesized. Firstly, a phosphate group was attached to starch polymer via a phosphorylation reaction. Next, 1-vinyl imidazole (VIMDZ) was grafted on the backbone of starch phosphate (StP) through a free radical polymerization reaction. The synthesis of these modified starches was confirmed by 1H NMR, 31P NMR and FT-IR techniques. The grafting of vinyl imidazole onto StP diminished the crystallinity. Due to the insertion of the aromatic imidazole ring, the StP-g-PIMDZs demonstrated greater thermal stability. The StP and StP-g-PIMDZs were used as sorbents for the adsorption of methylene blue dye (MBD) from the model solution. The maximum removal percentage for starch, StP, StP-g-PIMDZ 1, StP-g-PIMDZ 2 and StP-g-PIMDZ 3 was found to be 60.6%, 66.7%, 74.2%, 85.3 and 95.4%, respectively. The Pseudo second order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm were best suited to the experimental data with R2 = 0.999 and 0.99, respectively. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic and favored chemi-sorption mechanism.

Removal of Dye from Wastewater Using a Novel Composite Film Incorporating Nanocellulose

Research shows that the composite material is used as an adsorbent to remove pollutants from wastewater. This work is aimed at producing a novel composite film comprising chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and cornstarch incorporating nanocellulose (CPCN). The composite film was prepared by a blending method wherein nanocellulose was extracted using a chemical method from banana bract. The prepared CPCN was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX to understand their molecular interaction and surface morphology, respectively. The effect of parameters including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye was studied. The maximum adsorption was found to be up to 63.13 mg/g MB with a pH of 10, adsorbent dosage of 2 g, an initial concentration of 150 ppm, and contact time of 120 min at room temperature (25°C) indicating a moderate adsorption capacity of the CPCN. Comparing the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, the former fitted well with MB dye adsorption data, implying that the models can be applied to uptake MB dye by CPCN. In the kinetic adsorption experiment, the adsorbed dye almost reached equilibrium at about 120 min for the CPCN and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Therefore, the CPCN can be used as a potential adsorbent in wastewater treatment.

Application of Walnut Shell Biowaste as an Inexpensive Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Dye: Isotherms, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Modeling

This research aimed to assess the adsorption properties of raw walnut shell powder (WNSp) for the elimination of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous medium. The initial MB concentration (2–50 mg/L), the mass of the biomaterial (0.1–1 g/L), the contact time (10–120 min), the medium’s pH (2–12), and the temperature (25–55 °C) were optimized as experimental conditions. A maximum adsorption capacity of 19.99 mg/g was obtained at an MB concentration of 50 mg/L, a medium pH of 6.93 and a temperature of 25 °C, using 0.2 g/L of WNSp. These conditions showed that the MB dye elimination process occurred spontaneously. Different analytical approaches were used to characterize the WNSp biomaterial, including functional groups involved in MB adsorption, the surface characteristics and morphological features of the WNSp before and after MB uptake, and identification of WNSp based on their diffraction pattern. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich models for the adsorption of MB dye. The corresponding values of parameter RL of Langmuir were between 0.51 and 0.172, which confirmed the WNSp’s favorable MB dye adsorption. The experimental kinetic data were examined, and the pseudo-second-order model was shown to be more suitable for describing the adsorption process, with an excellent determination coefficient (R2 = 0.999). The exchanged standard enthalpy (H° = −22.456 KJ.mol−1) was calculated using the van ‘t Hoff equation, and it was proven that the adsorption process was exothermic. The spontaneous nature and feasibility of the MB dye adsorption process on WNSp were validated by negative standard enthalpy values (G°) ranging from −2.580 to −0.469 at different temperatures. It was established that WNSp may be employed as a novel, effective, low-cost adsorbent for the elimination of methylene blue in aqueous solutions.

Performance of Libyan Bentonite as Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Dye: Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies

This study provides an overview of natural and activated of Umm-Al- Razam, Libyan bentonite clay (north east of Libya region), as an offered adsorbent of anionic dye, methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution; where the adsorption isotherms applied experimentally to investigate the effect of adsorbent dosage in a batch mode range from (0.1-1.2g), pH (1,3,5,7,9 and11), initial MB concentration (5,10,20,30,40 and 50ppm), temperature (25,35,45 and 55oC) and contact time range from (5 - 120min).The Characterization of natural Libyan bentonite (NLBn) and activated Libyan bentonite (ALBn)) was carried out firstly by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electronic scanning microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The data analyzed by different models (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin) to describe the equilibrium isotherms and thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) The data analyzed by different models (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin) to describe the equilibrium isotherms and thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) of the system were calculated. The results showed the equilibrium adsorption data of (NLBn) was fit better the Langmuir adsorption model but for (ALBn) was fit better to Temkin. The adsorption capacity for the removal of MB was 4.3 mg/g and 4.9 mg/g at different concentration on (NLBn) and (ALBn) respectively. Kinetics of dye removal was investigated and found to follow pseudo second order rate constant. The sorption and desorption capacity of MB was found to be 95% and 99% by both (NLBn and ALBn) respectively.

Characterization of Raw and Treated Calotropis Gigantea Fibers: Application to the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye

ABSTRACT The present paper focuses on the valorization of raw and treated Calotropis gigantea fibers as a natural and low-cost biosorbent for methylene blue. To assess the effect of the fiber treatment, chemical, morphological, thermal, and structural characterizations were performed. The adsorption characteristics were achieved by varying the pH, the initial dye concentrations, temperature, and contact time. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model fits accurately the experimental data. The adsorption isotherms have been fitted using several models. The monolayer model with one energy is finally adopted because the error on the parameters inherent to the model is relatively small. The adsorption isotherms of the raw and treated fibers reveal that when the temperature increases, the adsorption capacity is reduced. The maximum adsorption capacity is obtained at the temperature 25°C. It is equal to 31 mg/g and 13 mg/g for the raw fiber and the treated fiber, respectively. The steric parameter n is greater than one for the raw fiber, whereas it is smaller than one for the treated fiber. The adsorption energy is about 19 kJ/mol. The Calotropis gigantea fiber seems to be a potential candidate for the removal of methylene blue from polluted water.

Adsorption of cationic dye by using metal industry solid waste as an adsorbent

Industrial waste, for instance, textile wastewater, when discharged into the water bodies without first being treated or with unacceptable levels of treatment, can lead to severe problems deteriorating the environment and human health. Moreover, solid waste from various industries has also become a significant issue due to massive industrialization. For instance, the waste from the metal industry has been rapidly increasing, such as Jarosite which has various metals, metal oxides, and silica in its composition. Therefore, Jarosite was utilized as an adsorbent for cationic Methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption from an aqueous solution. The processed adsorbent sample was characterized by FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR techniques. To examine the influences of pH (5–10), contact time (30–180), adsorbent dosage (0.05–0.25 g), and initial dye concentration (10–100 mg/L). Jarosite is a low-cost, abundant adsorbent with great potential for effective adsorption of MB dye (92.5 %). According to the economic view, using Jarosite for dye removal is cost-effective because it is collected free of cost from industries.

Adsorption of methylene blue dye onto acid-treated tej residue: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic study

Dye-containing wastewater is a very toxic and a major threat to the deterioration of water quality and makes it unsuitable for domestic purposes. This drives low cost and eco-friendly adsorbents from environmental waste have been investigated to treat dye-containing wastewater. In the present study, tej residues (TR) have been successfully employed as a natural and non-conventional low-cost adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. Optimization of maximum operating condition has been carried out by batch mode experiment and the result shows maximum removal efficiency of 82.1821 % at pH 8.0, adsorbent dosage 0.4g, initial dye concentration 20 ppm, contact time 60 min, and temperature 25°C on the acid-treated surface of tej residue. Adsorption kinetics of the adsorbent has been evaluated by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion, and it is observed that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model is better fitted with a good correlation coefficient, and the equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model. The Langmuir isotherm model estimates that the maximum adsorption capacity of the monolayer is found to be 215.053 mg/g. Thermodynamics parameters such as ΔG0, ΔH0 and ΔS0 indicate that the sorption process is feasible and exothermic.

Towards furfural and biomass char production from Camellia oleifera husks using dilute hydrochloric acid pretreatment: a comprehensive investigation on adsorption performance

The whole component utilization of lignocellulose was achieved, and hemicellulose was used to prepare FF which was adsorbed with S-8 macroporous resin and purified. The residue including cellulose and lignin was converted to biomass char, which was used for the adsorption of methylene blue dye.

Synthesis of Mil-100(Fe)@Fe3O4 Composite using Zircon Mining Magnetic Waste as an Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Dye

The objectives of the present study are to synthesize MIL-100(Fe)@Fe3O4 composite and to clarify its ability as an adsorbent for methylene blue dye. The magnetite (Fe3O4) was synthesized using iron precursor from the zircon mining magnetic waste. The MIL-100(Fe) was composited with magnetite using a room-temperature in situ synthesis method. The MIL-100(Fe)@Fe3O4 composite obtained was then characterized using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The synthesized MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe)@Fe3O4 were then used to adsorb methylene blue dye from aqueous phase. The maximum methylene blue removal from both adsorbents was obtained at pH of 9. The adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo second-order kinetics model with the rate constant values for MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe)@Fe3O4 were 1.012 x 10-2 and 3.963 x 10-2 g/mg.menit, respectively. The results also showed that the adsorption isotherm of MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe)@Fe3O4 follows the Langmuir isotherm for adsorption capacities were 137.70 and 151.47 mg/g, respectively. The results indicate that the iron content in the zircon mining magnetic waste as precursor for synthesis MIL-100(Fe)@Fe3O4 composite can be employed as an excellent adsorbent for removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous phase.

Modification of biochar by phosphoric acid via wet pyrolysis and using it for adsorption of methylene blue.

Algae biochar (ABC), coconut shell biochar (CSBC), and coconut coat biochar (CCBC) were prepared by wet pyrolysis in a phosphoric acid solvent under normal pressure. Materials were characterized for their micromorphology, specific surface area, and surface functional groups by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption-desorption spectrum technique and Fourier transform infrared diffraction (FT-IR). The evaluation of the liquid-phase adsorption performance using methylene blue (MB) as a pigment model, and the effects of temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, and pollutant concentration of the MB adsorption onto modified biochars were fully investigated. The adsorption mechanism was proposed based on the adsorption kinetics curve and adsorption isotherm. The synthetic biochar showed great adsorption properties toward cationic dyes rather than anionic dyes. Specifically, the adsorption abilities for algal biochar, coconut shell biochar, and coconut coat biochar were determined to be 97.5%, 95.4% and 21.2%, respectively. The isothermal adsorption of MB by the three kinds of biochar conformed to the Langmuir equation, and the adsorption process fitted to the quasi-second-order kinetic equation, which suggested that ABC and CSBC effectively adsorbed MB dye molecules through hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and electrostatic interactions.

Interlayer adsorption of cationic dye on cationic surfactant-modified and unmodified montmorillonite.

Water pollution by toxic organic dyes is one of the most critical health and environmental problems worldwide. By means of molecular dynamics method, the present work aims to evaluate the applicability of montmorillonite (Mt) modified by hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations (HDTMA+) compared to unmodified Na-Mt for the adsorption of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye. The results showed that the adsorption energy of MB on both HDTMA-Mt and Na-Mt absorbent ranged from -100 to -250kJ/mol, indicating the effectiveness of two types of adsorbents in dye water treatment. The highest adsorption energy was found at w =50% in each adsorbent system. Adsorption mechanisms of MB depend on molecular orientations, which is influenced by the surfactant and water content. The adsorption mechanism of MB is chemisorption dominated by strong electrostatic interaction between CH3 groups of MB and oxygen atoms of Mt surfaces. Besides, physisorption also plays a minor role in MB orientations. It is found that the existence of cationic surfactants can slightly improve the adsorption capacity of MB only at higher water content through enlarging the interlayer space of Mt and reducing mobility of MB. However, there will be a negative impact on the reduction of adsorption sites for dyes especially at low water content. Our results provide a possible application for swelling clay minerals being a promising adsorbent for dyes-surfactants co-existing wastewater treatment.

Kinetics of methylene blue dye adsorption from water using modified fly ash

Kinetics of methylene blue dye adsorption from water using modified fly ash

Kinetics of methylene blue dye adsorption from water using modified fly ash

Kinetics of methylene blue dye adsorption from water using modified fly ash

Activated carbon nanofibers nonwoven flat sheet for methylene blue dye adsorption: batch and flow-through systems

Activated carbon nanofibers nonwoven flat sheet for methylene blue dye adsorption: batch and flow-through systems

Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption in Aqueous System using Microcrystalline Cellulose obtained from Sugarcane Bagasse

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) after alkali extraction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The prepared MCC was treated with methylene blue solution. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effect of contact time, initial dye concentration, pH and adsorbent dosage on methylene blue adsorption. The result shows that the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto the adsorbent was influenced by adsorbent dose, dye concentration, contact time and pH values. For higher removal of dye from simulated wastewater, adsorbent dose of 0.4g and dye concentration of 200 mg/l gave optimum adsorption with percentage removal (% R) of 87.19. The adsorption capacity of methylene dye increased with increase in contact time. Also, the duration and pH for optimum adsorption were at 120 mins and pH 9 respectively. The experiment data fitted well into Freundlich isotherm. The results of this work revealed that microcrystalline cellulose from sugarcane bagasse is a potential alternative non-conventional adsorbent for treating dye effluent.

Porous polyurethane hydrogels incorporated with CMC for eliminating methylene blue from water

ABSTRACT Here, a series of polyurethane porous hydrogels (PUF-s) loaded with different sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were successfully prepared by one-step foaming method. The physio-chemical properties and morphologies were characterized. The effects of CMC content, adsorbent dosage, temperature, pH value and other factors on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye in water by CMC-PUF-s were also investigated through static adsorption experiments. The results showed that CMC-PUF-10 had excellent adsorption performance for MB solution with removal rate of 81.47%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 27.5 mg/g. In addition, the study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms showed that the adsorption of MB by CMC-PUF was more consistent with Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption thermodynamics study suggested that the adsorption process of MB by CMC-PUF-10 was spontaneous and exothermic at room temperature. The results of cyclic adsorption experiment demonstrated that the removal rate of MB reached above 70% after five cycles, indicating the foams with excellent recyclability. Finally, a low-cost, environmentally friendly and recyclable MB adsorbent was synthesized in this study. As polyurethane foam was synthesized by one-step foaming method, this adsorbent can be prepared on site in practical application and reduce the transportation cost.

Eco-friendly synthesis of magnetite based on tea dregs (Fe3O4-TD) for methylene blue adsorbent from simulation waste

Methylene blue is a popular dye used in the batik industry; however, it potentially causes environmental problems in view of the residual MB content in the liquid waste, which is difficult to naturally degrade. This study aimed to synthesize Fe3O4-TD using tea dregs from household waste and its application as an adsorbent for methylene blue dye. The synthesis was carried out using the reverse co-precipitation method with water as a solvent at room temperature. Fe3O4-TD characterization using FTIR, XRD, and PSA. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on Fe3O4-TD was studied at various pH MB, reaction time, and concentration MB to determine the kinetic model and MB adsorption isotherm on Fe3O4-TD and the interactions that occur between MB and Fe3O4-TD. FTIR spectra and X-Ray diffractogram showed that the magnetite formed in a pure state did not mix with other iron oxides. The crystal and particle size of Fe3O4-TD is 18.92 nm and 26.70 µm, respectively. MB adsorption on Fe3O4-TD occurred well at pH > 3 and followed the Ho' pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The interactions between MB and Fe3O4-TD through electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and phi-phi interactions.

Silica-modified bismutite nanoparticles for enhanced adsorption and faster solar photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

Herein, we report the synthesis of silica-modified self-assembled structures of bismutite (BSC) through a facile hydrothermal route. The incorporation of silica into the hybrid led to improved adsorption of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye due to electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions with the silanol groups present on the catalyst surface. The enhanced adsorption of MB on the catalyst ensured better availability of oxidizing free radicals and charge carriers on the catalyst surface for photocatalytic degradation of MB, resulting in faster mineralization of organic species in the presence of solar light. The faster degradation could be observed as a blue shift in the absorbance of degradation intermediates during the reaction and was supported by further analysis using a mass spectrometer. Results from total organic carbon (TOC) analysis indicated 20 % better mineralization in presence of silica-modified BSC hybrids. This study reveals the importance of controlled incorporation of a suitable adsorbent to the semiconductor photocatalyst to overcome the sluggish reaction kinetics under sunlight, thus promoting faster degradation of organic species.

Exploitation of Bauhinia forficata residual fruit powder for the adsorption of cationic dyes

This paper analyzes the adsorption of two potential toxic dyes, i.e. methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) onto Bauhinia forficata residual fruit powder (BFRFP) as a new promising adsorbent. The experiments aimed at retrievement of adsorption data are carried out at T = 298–328 K and are coupled with an adsorbent characterization to better highlight the MB and CV dyes adsorption mechanism. MB adsorption capacity at saturation (ACS) varies from 181.48 to 201 mg.g−1, while for CV dye, it ranges from 263.06 to 282.61 mg.g−1. This difference is not very significant but reflects that the BFRFP has a higher affinity to remove CV dye. Comparing with some alternative adsorbents, the BFRFP adsorbent shows to be a competitive material for the removal of MB and CV dyes from polluted water. A model assuming that MB and CV dyes are removed via a formation of two layers on BFRFP is chosen as the one that, from a physical point of view, better interpret their adsorption mechanisms. The prediction of the number of dyes adsorbed on BFRFP is approximately equal to 1 for both the dyes, testifying that they are removed without an aggregation process and with slanted position. The physical model generates two energies to describe the interactive effects between both dyes and BFRFP adsorbent (dye- BFRFP) and between dyes (dye-dye). Results show that physical interactions occur during the adsorption process.

Facile, green approach for aqueous methylene blue dye adsorption: Coconut vinegar treated Trema orientalis wood biochar

Biochar is widely utilized in low-cost water treatment. However, chemicals used in most of the recorded activation techniques are corrosive, may cause secondary pollution, and not accessible by rural communities, reducing their value of being cost-effective. In this study, <i>Trema orientalis</i> wood biochar (WB) was successfully activated with natural coconut vinegar employing a facile technique to produce a green adsorbent for efficient aqueous methylene blue (MB) removal. Batch studies showed a three-fold higher MB adsorption capacity of coconut vinegar treated wood biochar (CVWB) compared to WB. Percentage removal ranged between 98-79% at lower dye concentrations (50-100 mg/L) and 79-48% at higher dye concentrations (100-300 mg/L). Isotherm data best fitted to the Freundlich model. Kinetic data fitted to both pseudo second order and intraparticle diffusion models, suggesting that the adsorption was governed by a pore filling mechanism with predominant electrostatic attractions, and the reaction rate was diffusion controlled. FTIR, XPS, and water contact angle measurements confirmed increased surface oxygenated groups of CVWB. XPS showed a three-fold increase in O/C atomic ratio. BET and AFM studies gave evidence to the increased porosity. Therefore, the enhanced MB adsorption capacity of CVWB was attributed to both the increased surface oxygenated functional groups and porosity.