ADSL Connection Research Articles

BATCP: Bandwidth-Aggregation Transmission Control Protocol

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the most used transport protocol to exchange reliable data between network devices. A considerable number of extensions have been implemented into TCP to achieve better performance. In this paper, we will present, describe, implement, and analyze a new protocol extension called Bandwidth-Aggregation TCP (BATCP), which enables the concurrent use of network interfaces, to improve network performance on multi-homed nodes. BATCP allows the use of multiple TCP connections to accept multiple IP addresses from a multi-homed node, scheduling segments among them based on a scheduling algorithm. Our results show that BATCP achieves full exploitation of each network interface, achieving up to 100 % network utilization using two ADSL connections in real-world scenarios. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) is currently being standardized, and achieves up to 96 % of network utilization when in ideal conditions. BATCP and MPTCP are the only protocols tested on real-world scenarios. Related work such as the Proxy Inverse Multiplexer, called PRISM, and bandwidth aggregation with Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) achieve 80 % utilization or less with network simulators.

Network Perspectives on the Relevance of New Revenue Streams in the Digital Era Music Industry

Editors note: the charts in this article are high resolution images that may be enlarged for detailed viewing on screen or for printing. The print edition of the MEIEA Journal contains monochrome versions of these same images.IntroductionAlong with the shift in the distribution of prerecorded music from retail outlets to online and satellite sources engendered by digital technology came changes in the roles of the various participants and the introduction of participants. With displacement taking place, the authors wish to assess the relative importance of newly created revenue streams in the digital era. This study focuses on the economic implications of changes in network relationships fostered by digitized music and consequently the method of analysis is Social Network Analysis (SNA). This is the first study of its kind to assess the relevance of the revenue streams from a network perspective. Results show that traditional agents in the music industry (songwriters, artists, music publishers, record labels) have retained their relatively strong positions since the year 2000. However, some agents (revenue streams) in the digital era are significantly reorganizing the network as a whole. When weighted for economic impact, digital aggregators/interactive service payments, digital performance royalties/ SoundExchange, the YouTube Partner Program, as well as crowdfunding, rank in the top half of economic relationships. The study offers quantifiable validation to its findings and informs us that the new revenue sources have not yet achieved their full economic potential but are already well positioned to undermine the dominance of the more traditional revenue streams in the music industry. To understand the significance of these agents, one needs to understand the role of advances in technology in the digital distribution and consumption of music.Technology drives digital music delivery. Although downloading music from the internet was in theory possible from the start of that medium-since music can be converted into digital formats like any other content and can be distributed accordingly-it was not until the end of the 1990s that four major technological developments changed downloading music and sound from a possibility to a reality. The first and best-known development of compression technology was the MP3.1 The Fraunhofer MP3 reduced sound file size without losing too much quality. A 128KB MP3 version of a CD track is ten to twelve times smaller than the original file. The second development was the introduction of high-speed, flat-rate internet connections. First ISDN, and after that cable and ADSL connections reduced download time to a fraction of what it used to be. Formerly, an MP3 track would take 24 minutes to download with the standard 14.4KB modem while a T1 connection can accomplish the same within 20 seconds. The third development was the introduction of multimedia computers with more storage capacity and sound playback capabilities such as sound cards and speakers. Hard disk capacity moved from 10-20MB, which was only suitable for storing two to five tracks, to 300-500GB. The last and most visible development was the introduction of free, userfriendly software to rip CD tracks into MP3 files, to play MP3 tracks, and most of all to download music files from the internet.The importance of internet-downloaded music reached its watershed in the year 2000. Internet file sharing (mostly music) exploded with the introduction of Napster in mid-1999. By 2000 the internet started becoming a fundamental force for change for the music industry. Whether this was constructive or destructive depends in large part on the response of the established players. The issue was recognized early on by Leyshon (2001):Software formats have elicited a conservative, critical response, a discourse founded in the existing social and technological hierarchies of the industry. Meanwhile, on the other hand, software formats have been welcomed by others precisely because they are seen to be a means to dismantle the industry's established hierarchies and power relations. …

Improving TCP performance in residential broadband networks

ADSL and cable connections are the prevalent technologies available from Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for residential Internet access. Asymmetric access technologies such as these offer high download capacity, but moderate upload capacity. When the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is used on such access networks, performance degradation can occur. In particular, sharing a bottleneck link with different upstream and downstream capacities among competing TCP flows in opposite directions can degrade the throughput of the higher speed link. Despite many research efforts to solve this problem in the past, there is no solution that is both highly effective and easily deployable in residential networks. In this paper, we propose an Asymmetric Queueing (AQ) mechanism that enables full utilization of the bottleneck access link in residential networks with asymmetric capacities. The extensive simulation evaluation of our design shows its effectiveness and robustness in a variety of network conditions. Furthermore, our solution is easy to deploy and configure in residential networks.

Teleradiology in an inaccessible area of northern India

Teleradiology can be used to provide health care to rural populations, especially where there is a scarcity of resources, including on-site radiologists. We have established a network link between a commercial teleradiology provider in Bangalore, south India and the Ramakrishna Mission Hospital (RKMH), located over 3000 km away in the north east of India. Image files were transferred to Bangalore via an ADSL connection using secure file transfer protocol. In the 12-month period beginning in August 2007, a total of 962 studies was sent to Bangalore from the RKMH. The average turnaround time for the report to reach the hospital once the images had been received in Bangalore was six hours for non-emergency cases. For emergency cases the turnaround time was consistently below 30 minutes. Because the RKMH was a charitable institution providing rural patients with free or low-cost treatment, no charge was made for the reporting. Our experience demonstrates that remote implementation of teleradiology is possible in rural India. The service has proved valuable for the remote hospital concerned.

The home of the near future

The homes we have to look forward to in 2020 will feature technology in a more discrete way. Ten years ago, if you were lucky enough to have an ADSL connection, you would be able to download at speeds approaching 300kbps. Now this may seem fairly small, but it was a huge leap on the dial-up connections. BT is in the process of upgrading its fibre optic network and, by their reckoning, 40 per cent of consumers will be able to access broadband speeds of up to 40Mbps by the time the London Olympic torch is lit in 2012. This rollout represents the effect of expanding fibre to the street cabinet. Virgin Media can offer similar speeds today. The main driver for these increased speeds is video-on-demand services. Originally, the World Wide Web was envisaged to transmit static Web pages. But when you consider that a 30-minute high-definition (HD) video can consume the equivalent of 72,000 emails - you can see why this increase is needed. Therefore, the next stage will be to build out fibre directly to each home which will allow broadband speeds to reach anywhere between 100Mbps and 300Mbps.

End-to-end congestion control protocols for remote programming of robots, using heterogeneous networks: A comparative analysis

There are many interesting aspects of Internet Telerobotics within the network robotics context, such as variable bandwidth and time-delays. Some of these aspects have been treated in the literature from the control point of view. Moreover, only a little work is related to the way Internet protocols can help to minimize the effect of delay and bandwidth fluctuation on network robotics. In this paper, we present the capabilities of TCP, UDP, TCP Las Vegas, TEAR, and Trinomial protocols, when performing a remote experiment within a network robotics application, the UJI Industrial Telelaboratory. Comparative analysis is presented through simulations within the NS2 platform. Results show how these protocols perform in two significant situations within the network robotics context, using heterogeneous wired networks: (1) an asymmetric network when controlling the system through a ADSL connection, and (2) a symmetric network using the system on Campus. Conclusions show a set of characteristics the authors of this paper consider very important when designing an End-to-End Congestion Control transport protocol for Internet Telerobotics.

A novel architecture for remote home automation e-services on an OSGi platform via high-speed internet connection ensuring QoS support by using RSVP technology

This paper discusses a novel architecture for remote home automation networks e-services on an OSGi platform via high speed Internet connections ensuring QoS support. These connections can be ADSL links, an emerging technology which provides the user of the local loop with broadband speeds. Since ADSL is a technology in the local loop, the presence of a signaling mechanism based on RSVP is necessary to maintain the high speed links through the network. So, a remote enduser who manages a home automation network can use an ADSL connection to assure the home automation e-services. Thus, guaranteed bandwidth as well as limited delay advances services can be achieved.

User satisfaction with rehabilitation services delivered using Internet video.

Rehabilitation services to four remote sites in New Brunswick were delivered via PC-based videoconferencing equipment, using ADSL connections to the Internet. Approximately 40 people used the equipment over 18 months. There were 32 videoconference sessions. A total of 60 questionnaires were returned (a 94% response rate). In 31 of the 32 videoconferences, a connection was successfully established between the computers. The videoconferences lasted on average 20 min. The most frequent applications were viewing of rehabilitative equipment and video communication. The technology was found to be useful and provided an enhanced form of communication from the video component. There were some problems with the stability and reliability of the equipment.