Adoption Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Research Articles

Machine-Learning-Enabled Intrusion Detection System for Cellular Connected UAV Networks

The recent development and adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is due to its wide variety of applications in public and private sector from parcel delivery to wildlife conservation. The integration of UAVs, 5G, and satellite technologies has prompted telecommunication networks to evolve to provide higher-quality and more stable service to remote areas. However, security concerns with UAVs are growing as UAV nodes are becoming attractive targets for cyberattacks due to enormously growing volumes and poor and weak inbuilt security. In this paper, we propose a UAV- and satellite-based 5G-network security model that can harness machine learning to effectively detect of vulnerabilities and cyberattacks. The solution is divided into two main parts: the model creation for intrusion detection using various machine learning (ML) algorithms and the implementation of ML-based model into terrestrial or satellite gateways. The system identifies various attack types using realistic CSE-CIC IDS-2018 network datasets published by Canadian Establishment for Cybersecurity (CIC). It consists of seven different types of new and contemporary attack types. This paper demonstrates that ML algorithms can be used to classify benign or malicious packets in UAV networks to enhance security. Finally, the tested ML algorithms are compared for effectiveness in terms of accuracy rate, precision, recall, F1-score, and false-negative rate. The decision tree algorithm performed well by obtaining a maximum accuracy rate of 99.99% and a minimum false negative rate of 0% in detecting various attacks as compared to all other types of ML classifiers.

Interlocking Safety Cases for Unmanned Autonomous Systems in Shared Airspaces

The growing adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for tasks such as eCommerce, aerial surveillance, and environmental monitoring introduces the need for new safety mechanisms in an increasingly cluttered airspace. In our work we thus emphasize safety issues that emerge at the intersection of infrastructures responsible for controlling the airspace, and the diverse UAVs operating in their space. We build on safety assurance cases (SAC) - a state-of-the-art solution for reasoning about safety - and propose a novel approach based on interlocking SACs. The infrastructure safety case (ISAC) specifies assumptions upon UAV behavior, while each UAV demonstrates compliance to the ISAC by presenting its own (pluggable) safety case (pSAC) which connects to the ISAC through a set of interlock points. To collect information on each UAV we enforce a “trust but monitor” policy, supported by runtime monitoring and an underlying reputation model. We evaluate our approach in three ways: first by developing ISACs for two UAV infrastructures, second by running simulations to evaluate end-to-end effectiveness, and finally via an outdoor field-study with physical UAVs. The results show that interlocking SACs can be effective for identifying, specifying, and monitoring safety-related constraints upon UAVs flying in a controlled airspace.

A Survey on Operation Concept, Advancements, and Challenging Issues of Urban Air Traffic Management

The recent growth and adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is due to their low development cost, high aerial mobility, advanced battery technology, rotors, gyroscopes, GPS, cameras, sensors, and wide range of applications. The UAV offers new possibilities for business in civil and noncivil applications such as parcel delivery, aerial mapping, agriculture, wildlife conservation, surveillance, and search and rescue. However, considering the exponential growth of various types of aerial vehicles, it is clear that advanced air traffic management services are urgently needed to control and handle the ever-increasing air traffics. In this paper, we first present the two major low-altitude UAV traffic management systems in the United States and Europe and compare them thoroughly. We present the global vision and advancement of UAV traffic management system. To understand the complexity of future air transportation system, we discuss the necessary elements required for an urban air traffic management system. We provide key strategic elements for an advanced urban traffic management through connectivity, open source, safety enhancement, and automation to maximize its impacts on the innovative future air traffic and mobility system. In the end, we discuss the challenging security issues in urban traffic management system.

Unmanned aerial vehicle-collaborative 5G: a cooperative technology for enhancement of 5G NR

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have grabbed impressive attention from industry and research network, because of the faster growth in a wide scope of applications. Especially, UAVs are being utilized to ensure a better solution to a dependable and cost-effective wireless communication network from the sky. The adoption of UAVs has been considered as an alternative supplement of the existing cellular networks, to accomplish better transmission efficiency with enhanced coverage and network capacity. This article has represented some wireless communication scenarios where UAVs can be utilized to ensure better coverage, enhancement of efficiency and capacity. After that, to establish the effectiveness of UAVs in wireless communication, the paper has included several performance scenarios (path loss, attenuation, and data rate) after utilizing UAVs in the wireless network. Finally concluded with discussing several challenges for UAV assisted wireless networks and the scope of further enhancement of such kind of networks. This article might be informative to those who are engaged in research regarding UAV assisted wireless communication.

UAV-Enabled Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications for 6G: A Comprehensive Survey

Ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLCs) and the adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for network coverage improvement have emerged as key enabling communication paradigms for the successful deployment of mobile communication services envisioned in both the fifth-generation (5G) and the sixth-generation (6G) networks. This paper provides a comprehensive survey about the current state-of-the-art (SoA) on UAV-enabled URLLC networks. The core idea is to highlight the main characteristics of this new network concept as well as its critical aspects. We first perform an overview of URLLC by illustrating the main features and related implementation challenges. Subsequently, an in-depth discussion on UAV-enabled networks is provided, with a special emphasis on how URLLCs and UAV communication can be classified as complementary paradigms. Finally, a comprehensive analysis and classification of the current research advancements on UAV-enabled URLLCs networks is carried out. This paper is concluded by pointing out some the open challenges and our visions related to future directions which should be undertaken in order to pave the way towards the practical implementation of this promising network architecture.

Adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles for pesticide application: Role of social network, resource endowment, and perceptions

Unmanned aerial vehicle technology is a promising alternative for sustainable agriculture production to more traditional technologies used in China. This paper considers factors affecting adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles for spraying pesticides among farmers in Jilin Province, China. Gender (male), percentage of income from agriculture, cultivated land area, within-family village leadership, number of borrowing channels, and positive attitudes towards the technology had a positive effect on adoption intention. Positive attitude toward traditional technology and higher income had a negative effect. Policy recommendations include continued work in improving access to rural financing, facilitating early adopters, and technology promotion.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Aided 5G NR for Enhanced Network in Urban Scenarios

Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being utilized to ensure a better solution to a dependable and cost-effective wireless communication network from the sky. The adoption of UAVs has been considered as an alternative supplement of the existing cellular networks, to accomplish better transmission efficiency with enhanced coverage and network capacity. This article has represented some urban wireless communication scenarios where UAVs can be utilized to ensure better coverage, enhancement of efficiency and capacity. After that, to establish the effectiveness of UAVs in wireless communication, the paper has included several performance scenarios (path loss) after utilizing UAVs in the wireless network. This article might be informative to those who are engaged in research regarding UAV assisted wireless communication.

Farmer awareness, perceptions and adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles: evidence from Missouri

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are expected to play an important role in the future of farming. Because UAVs can provide precise, real-time information on biotic and abiotic stressors in agricultural production while they can also carry out autonomous operations to counter them, they can enhance farm profitability while reducing the environmental footprint of agriculture. Yet little is known about the current adoption of UAVs in agriculture or about the profile of the adopters. In this study we report actual and expected adoption of UAVs for a rich cross section of crop farmers and examine the factors that shape such adoption. In our empirical analysis we describe the inherent farmer heterogeneity – as shaped by differential awareness of UAV applications, perceptions of technical complexities, expectations of economic and environmental benefits and various socioeconomic factors – and analyze which of all these factors shape individual farmer adoption of UAVs. We also estimate and describe a small number of farmer segments that might adequately describe general population tendencies in the adoption of UAVs.

UAV Assisted 5G Het-Net: A Highly Supportive Technology for 5G NR Network Enhancement

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have grabbed impressive attention from industry and research network, because of the fastergrowth in a wide scope of applications. Especially, UAVs are being utilized to ensure a better solution to a dependable and cost-effective wireless communication network from the sky. The adoption of UAVs has been considered as an alternative supplement of existing cellular networks, to accomplish better transmission efficiency with enhanced coverage and network capacity. This article has represented some wireless communication scenarios where UAVs can be utilized to ensure better coverage, enhancement of efficiency and capacity. After that, to establish the effectiveness of UAVs in wireless communication thepaper has included several performance scenarios (path loss, attenuation, and data rate) after utilizing UAVs in the wireless network. Finally concluded with discussing several challengesfor UAV assisted wireless networks and the scopes of further enhancement of such kind of networks. This article might be informative to those who are engaged in research regarding UAV assisted wireless communication.

Q-SQUARE: A Q-learning approach to provide a QoE aware UAV flight path in cellular networks

This paper deals with the adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as mobile Base Stations providing video streaming services within a cellular macro area. We devise a Q-learning based UAV flight planning algorithm aimed at improving the Quality of Experience (QoE) of video users. Specifically, the proposed algorithm, herein denoted as Q-SQUARE, leverages the well-established Q-learning algorithm by introducing a reward related to a key QoE metric that is the video segment delay. The Q-SQUARE algorithm also accounts for different UAV recharging stations being available in the covered area. The performance analysis, as a function of the number of UAVs and recharging stations, show that Q-SQUARE identifies the UAV flight paths, i.e. specific space-time allocation of the available bandwidth resources, that definitely improve the QoE of the streaming services.

Comparative analysis of methods to detect radio controlled commercial UAVs

In the last few years we have witnessed an increase in adoption of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) in many fields. Although they have useful applications, they can also pose a security threat for both the civilian and military domains. This paper presents a comparative multiple-criteria analysis of existing detection methods and possible countermeasures against commercially available UAVs, with a focus on the radio communications. Based on an objective function, a hierarchy between the studied methods will be made, in order to establish the optimal solution.

35th UIT Heat Transfer Conference (UIT2017)

35th UIT (Italian Union of Thermo-fluid dynamics) Heat Transfer Conference – Ancona (Italy) 26-28 June 2017PrefaceThe 35th UIT (Italian Union of Thermp-Fluid Dynamics) Heat Transfer Conference was organized by Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University (Itay) and was held at Faculty of Engineering of the same University, Ancona, June 26-28, 2017.The annual UIT Conference, which has grown over time, comes back in Ancona after 27 years.The scope of the conference covers a range of major topics in theoretical, numerical and experimental heat transfer and related areas, ranging from energy efficiency to nuclear plants. The Organizing Committee was also honored to continue the initiative about the new section devoted to Technical Seminars introduced 2015 within UIT conferences. In particular a seminar regarding the adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Thermo-Fluid Dynamics research was held. Moreover a photo exhibition supported by “Aeronanutica Militare Italiana” was also offered to the participants.In this conference edition, 73 papers were contributed by about 300 authors on eight different topics: micro and nano scale thermo-fluid dynamics; multi-phase fluid dynamics, heat transfer and interface phenomena; computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer; heat transfer in nuclear plants; heat transfer and efficiency in energy systems, environmental technologies and buildings; natural, forced and mixed convection; conduction; heat transfer in fire engineering.The conference program scheduled plenary, oral and poster sessions. The two invited plenary Keynote Lectures were given by Prof. Giovanni Latini (Marche Polytechnic University, Italy) and Prof. Peter Stephan (Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Germany). A Technical Seminar was given by Prof. Renato Ricci (Marche Polytechnic University, Italy). There were also 9 oral sessions and a poster sessions.This special issue collects a paper presented in a keynote lecture plus 56 papers selected from those presented and discussed during the congress.The UIT 2017 conference was a useful occasion to stimulate discussion, further the understanding of heat transfer and related phenomena, present the state-of-the-art of some topics, discuss emerging trends and promote collaborations. We hope this issue will maintain and extend some of these features.A special thank you is due to the Organizing and Scientific Committees, to the sponsors and to all the participants.Renato Ricci and Valerio D’Alessandro, editors.List of Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, UIT Sterring Committee, UIT Accounting Auditors, UIT Conferences are available in this pdf.

Some like it hot: The impact of next generation FLIR Systems thermal cameras on archaeological thermography

AbstractInfrared thermography, or thermal imaging, has been used as a remote sensing technique to determine whether subsurface features such as walls or pits generate a heat differentiation from the surrounding earth. To date, this form of remote sensing has been notoriously difficult to perform due to cost, low‐resolution thermal cameras and an inability to provide a stable aerial photographic platform. Furthermore, thermal fluctuations produced by archaeological remains are highly volatile, and are dependent on a multitude of variables such as soil moisture, particle size, and the construction materials of features. These issues have restricted the use of infrared thermography within archaeology. Yet, with the rapid development and adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) over the last decade as well as developments in thermographic technology, thermal imaging is now affordable and can be attached with relative ease to a multitude of UAVs. This paper reviews a new, low‐cost, FLIR Systems thermal camera made specifically for UAVs, which were successfully employed at the Ancient Methone Archaeological Project, Pieria, Greece. By utilizing the FLIR Vue Pro, along with a DJI Phantom 2, aerial thermography was performed at the site at a cost far below that proposed by previous studies, with results also equalling or exceeding those methodologies. In combination with high resolution aerial photogrammetry, this methodology has helped to clarify previous archaeological investigations at the site, as well as revealing significant rectilinear subsurface remains.

A Development of Unmanned Helicopters for Industrial Applications

In contrast to the wide adoption of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the military sector, a far less number of successful applications have been reported on civilian side due to high cost, complexities in operation, and conflicts with existing infrastructure, notably the access of civilian airspace. However, there exist a few cases where UAVs have been successfully adopted to delegate dull, dirty, dangerous tasks in civilian sectors. In this paper, we consider one of such cases, the agricultural application of UAVs and present our work to develop an industrial UAV platform. The developed system is capable of fully autonomous flights with a payload of 30 kg for more than an hour. We present the overview of our program as well as detailed description of the development processes. We believe, when combined with highly reliable hardware and adequate adaptation to the civilian demands, in a not too distant future more UAVs will successfully serve the needs of public.