Adoption Of Disruptive Technologies Research Articles

Governance mediation in the era of disruptive technologies: unveiling new perspectives on the risk of material misstatements

Purpose This study aims to examine the mediating effects of corporate governance mechanisms like the board of directors on the association between disruptive technology adoption by audit clients and the risk of material misstatements, including inherent risk and control risk. In particular, the authors study the mediating effects of board characteristics such as board size, independence and gender diversity. Design/methodology/approach Based on a sample of 100 audit clients listed on the FTSE 100 from 2015 to 2021, this study uses structural equation modelling to test the research objectives. Findings The findings indicate a significant and negative association between disruptive technology adoption by audit clients and inherent risk. However, there is no significant evidence observed for control risk. The utilisation of disruptive technology by the audit client has a significant impact on the board characteristics, resulting in an increase in board size, greater independence and gender diversity. The authors also find strong evidence that board independence mediates the association between disruptive technology usage and both inherent risk and control risk. In addition, board size and gender exhibit distinct and differential mediating effects on the association and across the two types of risks. Research limitations/implications The study reveals that the significant role of using disruptive technology by audit clients in reducing the risk of material misstatements is closely associated with the board of directors, which makes audit clients place greater emphasis on the construction of effective corporate governance. Practical implications This study offers essential primary evidence that can assist policymakers and standard setters in formulating guidance and recommendations for board size, independence and gender quotas, ensuring the enhancement of effective governance and supporting the future of audit within the next generation of digital services. Social implications With respect to relevant stakeholders, it is imperative for audit clients to recognise that corporate governance represents a fundamental means of addressing the ramifications of applying disruptive technology, particularly as they pertain to inherent and control risks within the audit client. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the joint impact of corporate governance and the utilisation of disruptive technology by audit clients on inherent risk and control risk, which has not been investigated by previous research.

Interdisciplinary Approaches: Fog/Cloud Computing and IoT for AI and Robotics Integration

Fog/Cloud Computing and the Internet of Things have created intriguing opportunities for AI and robotics integration. This study examines interdisciplinary approaches that combine FCC, IoT, AI, and Robotics to construct sophisticated autonomous systems. These integrated systems may efficiently and intelligently conduct complicated tasks by using edge devices and cloud resources. Communication protocols, data management, security, and interoperability are studied in this interdisciplinary environment. Real-world case studies demonstrate the practicality and benefits of this integration. This study shows how interdisciplinary approaches will change AI and robotics integration. In conclusion, the intersection of Fog/Cloud Computing, IoT, AI, and Robotics is influencing autonomous systems. Edge devices and the cloud enable robots to become intelligent, adaptable, and essential parts of many industries. This research encourages researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to collaborate on innovation and widespread adoption of disruptive technologies. Interdisciplinary techniques are essential to maximizing AI and robotics integration and launching a new era of intelligent automation

Mixed Reality as a Teaching Tool for Medical Students in Neurosurgery.

Background and Objectives: Simulation-based learning within neurosurgery provides valuable and realistic educational experiences in a safe environment, enhancing the current teaching model. Mixed reality (MR) simulation can deliver a highly immersive experience through head-mounted displays and has become one of the most promising teaching tools in medical education. We aimed to identify whether an MR neurosurgical simulation module within the setting of an undergraduate neurosurgical hands-on course could improve the satisfaction of medical students. Materials and Methods: The quasi-experimental study with 223 medical students [120 in the conventional group (CG) and 103 in the MR-group (MRG)] was conducted at the University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany. An MR simulation module was presented to the intervention group during an undergraduate neurosurgical hands-on course. Images of a skull fracture were reconstructed into 3D formats compatible with the MR-Viewer (Brainlab, Munich, Germany). Participants could interact virtually with the model and plan a surgical strategy using Magic Leap goggles. The experience was assessed by rating the course on a visual analog scale ranging from 1 (very poor) to 100 (very good) and an additional Likert-scale questionnaire. Results: The satisfaction score for CG and MRG were 89.3 ± 13.3 and 94.2 ± 7.5, respectively. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that MR users (Mdn = 97.0, IQR = 4, n = 103) were significantly more satisfied than CG users (Mdn = 93.0, IQR = 10, n = 120; ln(W) = 8.99, p < 0.001) with moderate effect size (r^biserial = 0.30, CI95 [0.15, 0.43]), thus indicating that the utilization of MR-simulation is associated with greater satisfaction. Conclusions: This study reports a positive response from medical students towards MR as an educational tool. Feedback from the medical students encourages the adoption of disruptive technologies into medical school curricula.

Managing disruptive technologies for innovative healthcare solutions: The role of high-involvement work systems and technologically-mediated relational coordination

In this research, we present a model of innovative healthcare solutions as an interactive outcome of high-involvement work systems and technologically-mediated relational coordination. Adopting the grounded theory approach and conducting in-depth interviews, we investigate these dimensions using data from four case studies in the context of technology adoption in the healthcare industry in emerging markets. First, we show how relational coordination via the adoption of disruptive technologies, like online analytics, digitalization, artificial intelligence and data-driven decision-making, promotes the quality of interactions in high-involvement work systems contexts vis-à-vis face-to-face social exchanges. Further, technologically-mediated relational coordination improves employee trust, improving individual performance and functional effectiveness outcomes. Finally, the quality of technologically-mediated relational coordination affects the speed and richness of shared data among employees. This phenomenon enables employees to take optimal decisions and learn to improve innovative solutions iteratively.

A robust optimization approach for platooning of automated ground vehicles in port hinterland corridors

Modern ports face significant challenges as strategic nodes of global supply chains, being responsible for the coordination of inbound and outbound flows at deep-sea and in hinterland transport corridors. Digitization and the adoption of disruptive technologies can help ports to tide over operational challenges. Automated Ground Vehicles (AGVs) are an integral part of operations at many modern ports, especially inside container terminals. With the shift to automated transport outside of the terminal areas, these AGVs may form platoons to establish an efficient port hinterland transport corridor. In this work, we propose a new robust optimization approach to assess the time and cost-efficiency of applying such AGV platoons in a container pickup and delivery problem. We develop a bi-objective mixed-integer programming model, which simultaneously minimizes time and cost elements, and also considers emissions. Each transportation task can be carried out by AGVs or conventional trucks, while the number of available vehicles for each mode is uncertain (as they are used to connect different modalities of container transport). The robust optimization model is based on an ellipsoidal uncertainty set to handle this uncertainty and an augmented epsilon constraint method to obtain Pareto-optimal solutions for this multi-objective problem. The developed framework is evaluated in two case studies: the Port of Rotterdam in The Netherlands and the Port of Valparaíso in Chile, with different traveling distances in corridors to a dry port (200 km) and a pre-terminal (11 km), respectively. The results indicate that the new direct delivery scheme by AGV platoons is significantly more cost- and time-efficient than the benchmark and provides a low-carbon emission transportation mode. While the benefits of decreased dwell times (56% on average) and carbon emissions (on average by 10%) are similar for short and long traveling distances, the savings in cost increase (from 4.9% to 8%) with the increased distance in the Rotterdam case.

Modeling a remanufacturing reverse logistics planning problem: some insights into disruptive technology adoption

Remanufacturing is the process to restore the functionality of high-value end-of-life (EOL) products, which is considered a substantial link in reverse logistics systems for value recovery. However, due to the uncertainty of the reverse material flow, the planning of a remanufacturing reverse logistics system is complex. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of disruptive technologies in Industry 4.0/5.0, e.g., the Internet of things (IoT), smart robots, cloud-based digital twins, and additive manufacturing, has shown great potential for a smart paradigm transition of remanufacturing reverse logistics operations. In this paper, a new mixed-integer program is modeled for supporting several tactical decisions in remanufacturing reverse logistics, i.e., remanufacturing setups, production planning and inventory levels, core acquisition and transportation, and remanufacturing line balancing and utilization. The model is further extended by incorporating utilization-dependent nonlinear idle time cost constraints and stochastic takt time to accommodate different real-world scenarios. Through a set of numerical experiments, the influences of different demand patterns and idle time constraints are revealed. The potential impacts of disruptive technology adoption in remanufacturing reverse logistics are also discussed from managerial perspectives, which may help remanufacturing companies with a smart and smooth transition in the Industry 4.0/5.0 era.

Factors Affecting Organisations’ Adoption Behaviour toward Blockchain-Based Distributed Identity Management: The Sustainability of Self-Sovereign Identity in Organisations

Blockchain-based Distributed Identity Management (BDIDM) can enhance sustainable identification and authentication of users on organisations’ digital systems. But there is not a clear consensus on how organisations perceive the value proposition of such technology, nor what might affect their adoption behaviour toward it. This research explains how technological, organisational and environmental (TOE) factors affect organisations’ adoption behaviour toward BDIDM. This study aims to determine the most critical factors affecting the behaviour while assessing the effectiveness and appropriateness of the model involved, i.e., TOE-BDIDM. Online questionnaires are used to survey 111 information and cybersecurity practitioners within South African organisations. The analysis combines binary logistic regression modelling, Structural Equation Modelling of the measurement model, and chi-squared tests. The results suggest TOE factors positively or negatively affect adoption behaviour. The behaviour is significantly affected by technology characteristics, i.e., BDIDM’s disruptive nature, and is associated with Blockchain type. Indeed, the majority of participants intended to recommend BDIDM to their organisations yet paradoxically preferred private-permissioned blockchain the most, revealing resistance to decentralised and privacy-preserving BDIDM models like Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI). The latter might be utopian or unsustainable for organisations. TOE-BDIDM was found relatively appropriate and effective but arguably ‘incomplete’ for explaining the adoption of disruptive technologies like SSI in organisations. TOE should extend to TOEU by including the User factors.

Can Adoption of Disruptive Technologies Improve Performance of Insurance Firms in Developing Countries?

Purpose: This study aimed at assessing whether adoption of disruptive technologies can improve performance of insurance firms in developing countries.&#x0D; Methods: The study adopted a desktop research design. Relevant books references and journal articles for the study were identified using Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria entailed materials that were related to technology and the performance of insurance firms.&#x0D; Findings: The study found that various aspects of disruptive technologies have a significant impact on performance of insurance firms in developing countries. The findings also revealed that mobile phone technology has contributed to increased customer base and real-time customer service delivery. The study also established that disruptive technologies can enable real-time business evaluation through big data analytics thus boosting overall performance and profitability of insurance firms.&#x0D; Conclusion: There exist numerous disruptive technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence systems, cloud computing, digital currency technologies, etc that can be adopted to boost performance of insurance firms in developing countries. Adoption of disruptive technologies can increase operational efficiency, increase customer base and increase competitive advantage.&#x0D; Recommendations: Insurance firms in developing countries should adopt disruptive technologies to improve on both financial and non-financial performance. The study recommend insurance firms in developing countries should redefine their operations to pave way for adoption of disruptive technologies. Also, developing countries should mandate their respective insurance regulatory bodies to create a favorable environment for the adoption of disruptive technologies.

Accelerating Adoption of Disruptive Technologies: Impact of COVID-19 on Intentions to Use On-Demand Autonomous Vehicle Mobility Services

One of the most notable global transportation trends is the accelerated pace of development in vehicle automation technologies. Uncertainty surrounds the future of automated mobility as there is no clear consensus on potential adoption patterns, ownership versus shared use status, and travel impacts. Adding to this uncertainty is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which has triggered profound changes in mobility behaviors as well as accelerated the adoption of new technologies at an unprecedented rate. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s intention to adopt the emerging technology of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Using data from a survey disseminated in June 2020 to 700 respondents in the United States, a difference-in-difference regression is performed to analyze the shift in willingness to use AVs as part of an on-demand mobility service before and during the pandemic. The results reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive and highly significant impact on the intention to use AVs. This shift is present regardless of tech-savviness, gender, or urban/rural household location. Results indicate that individuals who are younger, politically left-leaning, and frequent users of on-demand modes of travel are expected to be more likely to use AVs once offered. Understanding the systematic segment and attribute variation determining the increase in consideration of AVs is important for policy making, as these effects provide a guide to predicting adoption of AVs—once available—and to identify segments of the population likely to be more resistant to adopting AVs.

Games to support disruptive technology adoption: the MUST Game use case

Serious games can be used as a means to explore complex systems and uncertainty related challenges, therefore they may have the potential of supporting the adoption of innovative and disruptive technologies. In this paper we present the use case of the Maritime Unmanned Systems Trust (MUST) Game, which goal is to capture beliefs, attitude and perspectives of the participants with respect to the employment of maritime unmanned systems (MUS) in the maritime domain. This novel game aims at better understanding the relation between trust factors and MUS. Moreover, it explores how players make decisions with respect to MUS deployments in an increasing threat scenario. This allows to capture important information on the trade-offs related to MUS use that have an impact on maritime missions planning activities (e.g., endurance, logistics, maintenance, cost, number of assets, security and type of assets). This paper describes the game and an analysis of the outcomes of its deployment. The results show how the MUST Game design has been effective in eliciting constructive discussion around the use of MUS in maritime missions, as well as in the collection of assessments and decisions, which are currently being used in algorithmic development.

Hybridizing cost saving with trust for blockchain technology adoption by financial institutions

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is transforming the financial industry and leading to a rise in the modern banking system. Like in developed nations, disruptive technology is necessary to advance the traditional banking system in emerging economies. The present study aims to investigate the critical factors that influence a user's intention to accept blockchain technology for financial institutions. The proposed model is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs with trust and cost-saving, tested using structural equation modelling. Findings from an online survey of 188 practitioners working in Malaysia's financial sector confirm that all constructs except trust on perceived usefulness were found to have a significant impact during the blockchain implementation. Moreover, cost-saving matters most during the disruptive technology adoption for financial institutions. Based on the findings, the subsequent theoretical and practical implications are assessed, albeit with notable limitations.

Human resources management 4.0: Literature review and trends

Digitalization across a range of industry and service sectors is transforming the workplace and human resources. The adoption of disruptive technologies associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, is reshaping the way people work, learn, lead, manage, recruit, and interact with each other. The aim of this study is to contribute to the theoretical development of human resource management (HRM) in the context of Industry 4.0, promoting directions for the sector and HRM professionals, organizations, and the workforce that are required to face the challenges of Industry 4.0. To achieve this objective, this study performs a systematic literature review and content analysis of 93 papers from 75 journals. The main results of the research show that digital trends resulting from Industry 4.0 affect the field of HRM in 13 different themes, promoting trends and challenges for HRM, the workforce, and organizations. This paper seeks to promote insights for studies on the interference of digitalization in HR for the evolution of the digital age, as well as for companies that want to become more productive, human, and digital.

Studying key antecedents of disruptive technology adoption in the digital supply chain: an Indian perspective

PurposeThe study examines the key drivers of the adoption of disruptive technologies (DTs) in the digital supply chain (DSC) in developing nations.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected using well-established measures grounded in the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory. The hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach using SmartPLS. The authors control for the demographics and apply the required statistical diagnostics for robust findings.FindingsThe compatibility and IT expertise were the two key factors in adopting the DTs in DSC in developing nations. The organizations with higher compatibility and internal IT expertise and competence witness a higher level of adoption of DT. The perceived cost and complexity were not found statistically significant. This may be probably because developing nations such as India do not perceive the technology adoption complex.Research limitations/implicationsThe research enhances DTs adoption, assuming it is organizational innovation. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the DOI literature.Practical implicationsThe practicing managers should pay attention to addressing the existing technology compatibility issues and spend efforts on training employees to increase the IT expertise to improve the adoption of DT.Social implicationsThe greater adoption of the DTs in DSCs can reduce wastages in supply chains by a faster sense and response and greater technological flexibility with transparency and information sharing.Originality/valueThe key antecedent to the acceptance of the DTs in developing nations is compatibility than complexity and IT expertise than the cost. The study's originality lies in the fact that most studies on technology adoption study a single technology, but this study captures a holistic view on a group of technologies under industry 4.0.

Adoption of Disruptive Technologies in Marketing: A Bibliometric Review and Scientific Mapping

Adoption of Disruptive Technologies in Marketing: A Bibliometric Review and Scientific Mapping

Adoption of Precision Agriculture by Detecting and Spraying Herbicide using UAV

Farmers are facing the VUCA environment (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) and data indicating the contribution of farming to India's GDP has come down from 52% to 18% between 1951 and 2018, which is alarming. At this juncture, developing countries like India, where over 70% of the rural people depend upon the agriculture fields, adoption of disruptive technology (creative destruction) becomes the need of the hour, to enhance the crop yield and quality. Weeds are one of the major issues which severely affect the crop output. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drone is recommended, to address the problem. Globally, the market for agriculture drones to move from $1.3 billion to $ 6.52 billion by 2026. Globally agriculture is the second largest industry after construction in terms of drone adoption. But Indian farmers have difficulty in adopting (or) procuring UAV's, as the size of their farm is small, income is very less. Other problems associated with the adoption of UAV include knowledge transfer and training to farmers, service support and maintenance cost. DaaS (Drone as a service) model is proposed, for rural areas. This paper aims to focus on weed management by providing a safer and cost-effective solution. By integrating technologies like visible light (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) light on an Unmanned Ariel Vehicle along with a precise sprayer and a weed detection system backed up by a lithium-ion battery (for longer flight duration), can help the process of spraying weedicide efficiently. The accuracy of the tested model is 92.6% for far away detection module and 95.4 for close range detection. UAV's with sprayer protects the farmer and consumers from odour and side effects.

Impact of Pandemic and Digital Transformation on Global Accounting Profession

The COVID-19 pandemic made 2020 the most difficult and challenging year in ways that no one could have predicted, causing major disruptions with unprecedented changes affecting worldwide economies. Its impact has been multidimensional at the personal, organizational, and societal levels. Organizations in all sectors have been focusing on their immediate survival only. World economic output had the most significant drop in over 75 years and affected people's daily routines in almost every country. However, the same disruptive forces of the pandemic accelerated the digital transformation and innovation, causing business practices in the accounting profession to leapfrog decades ahead. This paper presents an overview of the adoption of disruptive technologies and their lasting impact on the accounting profession.

Adaptive governance of autonomous vehicles: Accelerating the adoption of disruptive technologies in Singapore

Despite their promise, there have been discussions surrounding the technological risks of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the extent to which AVs are ready for large-scale deployment. Using a case study approach, this article examines the development and implementation of AVs in Singapore. Our findings reveal that AV regulatory sandboxes, the formalisation of safety assessments and the release of technical guidelines are some of the most adaptive and innovative instruments that have been adopted to govern AVs in Singapore. Furthermore, Singapore's approach to AVs has applied an adaptive strategy that is both pre-emptive and responsive. The accelerated expansion of trials and regulatory provisions for AVs demonstrates Singapore's aspiration to be nimble, and showcases the simultaneous adoption of two contrasting implementation approaches – prescriptive and experimentalist – to guide AV adoption. The regulatory lessons derived from the governance of AVs in Singapore could provide useful policy guidance, and could inform policy discussions of AVs as well as other autonomous systems.

Navigating Innovation Success through Projects. Role of CEO Transformational Leadership, Project Management Best Practices, and Project Management Technology Quotient

In an advancing project-based global economy, the ability to leverage innovation, and the adoption of disruptive technologies are critical for product and process innovation success. This study makes the initial attempt to examine the effects of CEO transformational leadership (CTL), project management best practices (PMBP), and project management technology quotient (PMTQ) on multi-dimensional innovation success. Drawing on data of 261 practitioners in the information and communications technology industry in South Korea, the hypothesized relationships were tested using higher-order partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The study finds supportive evidence on the positive effects of CTL, PMBP, and PMTQ on innovation success. Moreover, PMBP and PMTQ demonstrated a significant moderating influence on the relationship between CTL and innovation success. Besides the development and validation of a new PMTQ scale, the study findings offer novel theoretical predictions, methodological contributions, and implications for practitioners to mitigate the challenges of successful innovations.

Disruptive Technologies for Improving Water Security in Large River Basins

Large river basins present significant challenges for water resource planning and management. They typically traverse a wide range of hydroclimatic regimes, are characterized by complex and variable hydrology, and span multiple jurisdictions with diverse water demands and values. They are often data-poor and in many developing economies are characterized by weak water governance. Rapid global change is seeing significant changes to the pressures on the water resources of large basins, exacerbating the challenge of sustainable water management. Diverse technologies have long supported water resource planning and development, from data collection, analytics, simulation, to decision-making, and real-time operations. In the last two decades however, a rapid increase in the range, capability, and accessibility of new technologies, coupled with large reductions in cost, mean there are increasing opportunities for emerging technologies to significantly “disrupt” traditional approaches to water resources management. In this paper, we consider the application of ‘disruptive technologies’ in water resources management in large river basins, through a lens of improving water security. We discuss the role of different actors and institutions for water management considering a range of emerging disruptive technologies. We consider the risks and benefits associated with the use of these technologies and discuss the barriers to their widespread adoption. We obverse a positive trend away from the reliance solely on centralized government institutions and traditional modeling for the collection and analysis of data, towards a more open and dynamic ‘data and knowledge ecosystem’ that draws upon data services at different levels (global to local) to support water planning and operations. We expect that technological advances and cost reductions will accelerate, fueling increased incremental adoption of new technologies in water resources planning and management. Large-basin analytics could become virtually free for users with global, regional, and national development agencies absorbing the costs of development and any subscription services for end users (e.g., irrigators) to help improve water management at user level and improve economic productivity. Collectively, these changes can help to ‘democratize’ water management through improved access to data and information. However, disruptive technologies can also be deployed in top-down or centralized processes, and so their use is sometimes contested or misunderstood. Increased attention therefore needs to be given to ensuring equity in technology access, and to strengthening the governance context for technology deployment. Widespread adoption of disruptive technologies will require adjustments to how water professionals are trained, increased adaptiveness in water resources planning and operations, and careful consideration of privacy and cybersecurity issues.

Adoption and Diffusion of Disruptive Technologies: The Case of Additive Manufacturing in Medical Technology Industry in Australia

This paper provides the preliminary findings of a newly granted two-year project investigating the adoption of disruptive technologies, by focusing on the case of additive manufacturing (AM) in the medical technology (MedTech) industry, particularly implant applications. This is done by (I) stakeholder mapping of the industry in Australia. This included members of industry, researchers, academics, regulatory experts and MedTech consultants. (II) Identifying the top four major opportunity areas in which innovation can foster the adoption of AM implants, them being developments in Materials Science, Technology, Business Models, and Regulation & Quality Management. (III) Identifying and discussing the barriers in realizing such opportunity areas in practice, and finally (IV) recommending solutions based on the discussion and understanding of the proposed barriers that are hindering the widespread adoption and diffusion of 3-D printed medical implants. The impact of the project will be to unlock the potential of AM applications in the medical technology, which will benefit potential new entrants to the industry, incumbent firms, health care system, and patients in Australia.