Adoptions Research Articles

Promoting Resilient Outcomes among Internationally Adopted Children from Child Care Institutes: Role of The Life Story

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the role of the life story in three cases of internationally adopted children in promoting resilient outcomes among these children. Methodology: The pediatric adoption clinic in the department of pediatrics in a tertiary care center facilitates the adoption of children from Government Run Child Care Institutes. The qualitative narrative methodology was used to explore how international adoptive families navigate the adoption process to improve and enhance the probability of optimal adoption outcomes. Descriptions of the qualitative interviews and discussions regarding the families’ experiences and struggles of procuring information and personal stories of the adopting children from India are presented. Verbal consent was taken from all the parents. Results: The Indian Adoption Regulations of 2017 allows for documentation and permission for sharing memory albums and interests of the child with the adoptive families. However, there are instances where the child care institutes do not maintain any records and have little to share with the families leading to feelings of grief and loss postadoption among internationally adopted children. The three families interviewed expressed a desire to maintain an association with the child’s culture and sought guidance on how they could help their adoptive children develop an ethnic identity that supports their psychological well-being. Maintaining records and chronicling the child’s biographic preadoption history is one way to help children to understand their personal stories and develop a stable identity. Conclusions: Adoption agencies and associated professionals should encourage and facilitate all activities that enhance attachment and creates emotional bonds between adoptive parents and the adoptees.

Međudržavno posvojenje u Republici Hrvatskoj kroz prizmu slučaja posvojenja djece iz DR Konga

Intercountry and interracial adoptions are forms of international adoption that imply the difference between adopter and adoptee in geographical, racial, and ethnic terms, which makes the adoption process very complex. The recent case of intercountry adoption of children from DR Congo by Croatian citizens confirmed the globally recognized controversy, questionability, and complexity of the intercountry adoption process. The key or additional problem in this case of intercountry adoption is the fact that DR Congo is not a party to the 1993 Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. The case of intercountry adoption of children from DR Congo encouraged the authors to research and analyze international and national regulations and practices relevant to intercountry adoption. In this paper, the authors specifically analyze open issues related to intercountry adoptions in Croatian legislation, more precisely the recognition of foreign court decisions on adoption, minimum standards related to the establishment and recognition of intercountry adoptions, the possibility of termination of adoption, the citizenship status of adopted children, and the children's right to access information about adoption. In conclusion, the authors propose de lege ferenda solutions for the future regulation of intercountry adoptions.

Prosedur Adopsi Anak Dalam Hukum

Child adoption is a legal action that transfers a child from the sphere of power of parents, legal guardians or other people responsible for the care, education and raising of the child into the adoptive parents' family setting. This research is conducted with the aim of knowing how the concept of child adoption and how child protection efforts in Indonesia are associated with the practice of child adoption. This study used a normative juridical approach in order to accomplish its goals. Descriptive analytical research specifications are used. The protection of children regulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection is still not running effectively due to various forms of abuse directed to the child's home environment, including child abuse practices where the child fails to follow the rules or procedures, there are potential consequences that can cause the child to become less normal.

LEGAL PRACTICE OF CHILD ADOPTION IN THE COMMUNITY OF LANGSA CITY

The legal practice of adopting children carried out by some people in Langsa City also causes ambiguity in the process of making birth certificates, which is stated in Presidential Decree Number 25 of 2008 Article 87 Paragraph 2 concerning Requirements and Procedures for Population Registration and Civil Registration. After researchers conducted initial research on employees at the Population and Civil Registration office, they said that civil registration can only process birth certificates for adopted children if there is a court order, and so far no one has regulated otherwise.This type of research is Descriptive Analytical research, namely research that can provide an overview or explanation of the results obtained through data obtained from the field regarding several cases of child adoption in Langsa City. Therefore, the urgency of carrying out this research by the researchers themselves is to provide legal certainty and facts that actually occur regarding the requirements for making a birth certificate for an adopted child as a mandatory requirement that has been regulated in the Presidential Regulation in registering an adopted child.

Pengangkatan Anak dan Akibat Hukumnya di Pengadilan Agama Jombang

Adoption is taking other people's children to be their own children. The process of adopting a child must go through a court order. This determination is made by the prospective adoptive parents and the biological parents of the child who is adopted to submit a case for the application for adoption to the Religious Courts. The government issued a policy for the welfare and protection of adopted children so that they have legal force by passing Law Number 3 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law Number 7 of 1989 Article 49 letter (a) number (20) concerning the Religious Courts. This type of research is field research conducted at the Class IA Jombang Religious Court to obtain primary and secondary data. Primary data is used to obtain information about the judge's considerations in giving a determination of adoption and the court process for determining adoption. Obtained by interviewing Judges who have experience in determining cases of adoption. Secondary data is data related to this research in the form of copies of stipulations and books related to stipulations of child adoption. The results of this study are to discuss cases of stipulation of child adoption in the Jombang Religious Court in receiving, examining, adjudicating and deciding the case so that can generate determinations. The case discussed in this study is Case Number 611/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Jbg at the Jombang Religious Court, in this case the Panel of Judges granted and determined the case for determining the adoption of a child by the applicant by looking at various aspects and existing considerations. The Panel of Judges gave a stipulation in this case through considerations that support the granting of the request, these considerations are due to several reasons and facts that exist and deserve to be accepted and given a stipulation by the Panel of Judges on the basis of positive law and the basis of Islamic law which governs it, so that will strengthen the stipulation handed down by the Panel of Judges during the trial in giving the stipulation of child adoption to the applicant. In the trial for the determination of adoption there are no replic and duplic because in this case there is no dispute or opponent, so the stipulation is only stipulation (declaratoir). Therefore, the Government enacted Law Number 54 of 2007 concerning adoption which also plays a role in outreach to the community through activities: counseling, consultation, counselling, mentoring and training to help the community get information and understand the requirements, procedures and procedures method of adoption.

Child Adoption Model in Islamic Law: A Case in Central Java Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the model of child adoption practices and the legal consequences of adopted child status in Islamic Law. This research is a field study with a juridical-empirical approach, which is descriptive and analytical in nature. Data on child adoption practices were analyzed using Friedman's legal system theory, which views the legal system as consisting of interconnected subsystems, including legal rules, enforcement, and the legal culture of the community. The effectiveness and success of law enforcement are measured through three elements of the legal system: the structure of the law, the substance of the law, and the legal culture. The research findings indicate that the model of child adoption practices in Batang District, Central Java is highly diverse. These models are observed in several villages within Batang District, such as Lebo, Pesaren, Banjiran, and Kalipucang Wetan. According to Indonesian legal regulations regarding child adoption, the reality is that the first model of child adoption does not comply with Indonesian legal rules, while the second model follows a familial approach. Several variations of these models present legal issues that have significant implications, particularly in terms of lineage, inheritance rights, and mahram relationships.

Uniform Civil Code Isn't a Distant Dream

When looking at the Article 44 of the Indian constitution gives us an insight into equality in the aspects related to civil matters. But currently, we are having personal laws in different religions. These laws are usually contradictory to the basic law of the country, we can see this difference when it comes to Hindu and Muslim personal laws concerning marriage, Divorce, Adoption of children, and Maintenance of women after divorce. This article will enhance the understanding as well as the outcome of UCC if brought into force. It will also help us to know whether there is a need to bring this uniformity. If yes how should it be implemented so that it does not violate any Fundamental right that is provided by our constitution? This article will also focus on the statement of not bringing UCC force and also touch upon areas of alternatives. It will also reason why UCC should remain a goal as a Directive principle of state policy and not common law. By understanding both sides of UCC it helps the reader to analyze the benefits of UCC and the need for UCC for a better India

Transformation of the learning environment for children with special needs

<span lang="EN-US">This study is devoted to the consideration of the issue related to the adaptation and adoption of such children in the Russian Federation. The study is based on the questionnaire method. It was attended by 120 parents of children with special needs. The results showed that the majority of respondents are familiar with inclusive education, its principles and goals; 59% of respondents believe that the psychological environment in their school is not good enough for the adaptation of children with special needs. According to 64% of parents, there are also problems with the infrastructure of schools. The minority of parents face the rejection of special needs children by teachers, but the majority face the rejection by their peers. In general, despite all problems and challenges, parents positively assess the idea of their special needs child learning and attending the same classroom side by side with healthy children. According to them, this has a positive effect on the intellectual and mental development of the child. To improve the process, the parents of such children were offered the following recommendations: constant research on the issue, cooperation with other parents of special needs children, attention to children and cooperation with specialists (psychologists and defectologists).</span>

The Role of the Social Worker in the Child Adoption Process: Challenges and Difficulties

The Role of the Social Worker in the Child Adoption Process: Challenges and Difficulties

Studi Komparatif Peraturan Adopsi Anak Di Negara Indonesia dan Palestina

This research aims to determine the regulations for child adoption in Indonesia and Palestine and analyze the problems of child adoption in Indonesia and Palestine. This research uses library research by collecting qualitative data. This data was obtained from several sources such as books, journals and the internet. This research uses a normative approach by analyzing the regulations in Muslim countries, namely Indonesia and Palestine, which relate to the law on adoption or placement of children. The results of this research are that adoption regulations in Indonesia and Palestine both guarantee the welfare of children, but prohibit adopted children from being given the status of biological children and having the fate of their adoptive father. The difference is, in Indonesia it is permissible for single parents to adopt, but in Palestine it must be a husband and wife pair. In Indonesia there is only 1 home visit when a child is being adopted, in Palestine there are 2 home visits, namely pre and post adoption, in Indonesia there is an explanation of the age that is considered a child, in Palestine there is none. However, due to the prolonged conflict situation, namely the aggression launched by Israel against Palestine, Palestine has tightened its regulations on adopting children, namely not allowing Palestinian children to be accepted and taken to other countries. Adoption is permitted only to support living and education costs.Keywords: Regulations, Child Adoption, Indonesia and Palestine

The Placement of Children in Need of Out-of-Home Care: Forms of Care and Differences in Attachment Security and Behavioral Problems in the Italian Context

The current paper investigated differences in secure attachment levels and behavioral problems among four groups of children in out-of-home care in Italy: closed adoption (child and birth parents not in contact following adoption), open adoption (child and birth parents still in contact after placement), foster care (child living temporarily with relatives or unrelated foster parents) and institutional care (child in residential care for large groups of children). One hundred and thirty children aged 10–19 were included in this study. The Attachment Interview for Childhood and Adolescence and the Achenbach Youth Self-Report were employed to measure participants’ secure attachment levels and behavioral problems. Both a multivariate analysis of covariance and measured variable path analysis were performed. Age, gender and time elapsed between the request for child protection and placement on out-of-home care were used as covariates. The results showed that adolescents in closed adoption had higher secure attachment scores than those in foster care and institutional care, while adolescents in open adoption scored significantly higher on problem behaviors than those in the other out-of-home care groups. Findings were discussed in terms of limitations and implications for future research.

State-Sponsored Child Separation as Cultural Genocide: Implications for Children’s Rights and Child Adoption

State-sponsored child separation as a method of cultural genocide and parental control has a long history around the world. While some may view this only as a historical occurrence, Russian actions in Ukraine and the previous U.S. policy of child separation at its southern border as a deterrent to seeking asylum are contemporary occurrences. Lessons from other countries in the Americas, Africa, and Asia are presented to illustrate the inherent human rights violations of these actions. The implications of cultural genocide are viewed through the lens of applicable United Nations conventions. Ethical implications are presented with actions to ensure the fulfillment of these human rights.

Supporting transracially adopted children in white K-12 schools: Strategies for empowerment and inclusion

The transracial adoption of children into white communities is a growing phenomenon. Unfortunately, transracially adopted children are more likely to face identity issues, mental health concerns, and racism in white K-12 schools due to their lack of access to understanding, support, and resources. In order for transracially adopted children to thrive academically and emotionally, it is essential that educators become aware of the unique challenges transracial families face. In this paper, we will examine the challenges transracially adopted children face in white K-12 schools and provide strategies for educators to create welcoming learning communities that empower transracially adopted children and their transracial families.

Developing and Validating a Questionnaire to Measure Attitude toward Child Adoption: A Psychometric Process.

Despite the mutual benefit of adoption, due to the adverse attitude related to the barriers perceived by the couples, some people are not interested in adoption. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure attitudes toward child adoption. This secondary analysis is part of a larger study on 178 infertile couples referring to the Afzalipour Infertility Center in Kerman, Iran. Factor Analysis (FA) was performed. The sampling was conducted using the convenience sampling method. The questionnaire was implemented using a mixed-method approach in three phases. Firstly, a pool was created. The second phase involved content validity. Lastly, construct validity was conducted. The final version of the questionnaire with 20 questions had a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.70%. Six factors with eigenvalues of higher than 1.00 were extracted, which accounted for 52% of the total variance. These factors were "spiritual-psychological status of the new parents," "psychological status of the adopted child," "undesirable behaviors of others in the future," "anxiety of the new parents," "physical-behavioral characteristics of the adopted child," and "socio-economic factors." The model extracted from the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The 6-factor structure adequately fitted the data (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.93; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.047; X2/df = 1.393; p = 0.002. The internal consistency and construct validity of the questionnaire were confirmed. This instrument can be used in clinical and research practices.

Violence, responsibility and best interests: children rights in Elizabeth Harrower’s A Few Days in the Country and Other Stories

Abstract In her short story collection of A Few Days in the Country and Other Stories (2015), contemporary Australian novelist Elizabeth Harrower skillfully portrays a cohort of children who have come of age in diverse fractured family settings since the 1960s. This article delves into the realm of child welfare and best interests in Australia, elucidating the intricate web of family laws that govern these principles. It casts a revealing light on the myriad challenges children confront in contexts marked by family violence, parental separation, and child custody and adoption. This analysis exposes the unfortunate reality where children’s rights are frequently subverted by guardians, effectively preventing their meaningful involvement in familial decision-making. In instances of family violence, children are relegated to the role of silent victims, rendered voiceless by their inability to resist. During divorce proceedings, children are relegated to the sidelines, unable to actively participate in the decision-making process, resulting in the neglect or outright harm of their best interests. Children who find themselves in foster care or adoption situations often respond with unprecedented rebellion, asserting their independence and self-determination beneath the facade of silent victimhood. Tragically, their fundamental rights consistently remain inadequately protected. By undertaking a critical examination of the dynamic between adults and children within the framework of family law and by juxtaposing it with the contemporary portrayal of marginalized children in Australia, as exemplified in Harrower’s works, this article offers multifaceted insights that can guide efforts to safeguard children’s rights and enhance the development and implementation of legislation pertaining to children.

Migration of ‘Somebody’s Children’: Entangled Histories of Motherhood through Chinese Adoption in the United States in the 1990s

Abstract This article examines the entanglement of Chinese and American motherhood through Chinese adoption in the United States in the 1990s, during what Sino-American relations scholars frame as ‘the Long Cold War era’. The Long Cold War era refers to a long durée view of the structural Cold War derivatives in Asia that defies the linear and neat Cold War periodisation from 1947 to 1991. From the 1990s to 2015, Chinese ‘revolutionary motherhood’ and American ‘fortressed motherhood’ intertwined through the adoption of Chinese children into American families. Such enmeshment challenged the conventional narratives on international adoption as either a site of exploitation or paternalistic salvation towards transnational and transracial adoptees. By centring the lived experiences of mothers in both countries, this article employs mothers’ first-person accounts to interrogate the gendered politics of Chinese adoption, complicating the simplistic narrative of passive female victimhood in family settings.

Adoption by same-sex couples: global trends, problems and prospects

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problems and peculiarities of the regulation of adoption (adoption) relations by same-sex couples in the legislation and law enforcement practice of foreign countries, the characteristics of the conditions and restrictions on the adoption of children by such partnerships, the study of the normative principles of adoption in Ukraine, the practice and prospects for the application of this institution, the formulation conclusions and proposals for improving the national system of legal regulation of adoption relations, protection of children’s rights and interests.
 The article notes that in Ukraine, as in many countries of the world, the institution of adoption of children by same-sex couples does not exist as such due to the provisions of public order, which provide for the possibility of concluding exclusively a traditional classical marriage between a man and a woman.
 At the same time, in the national legislation of those states in which same-sex marriages / partnerships are recognized and equated in legal status with registered marriages, opportunities are gradually provided for the adoption and further education of children by same-sex couples. In such countries, registered partnerships provide for the care and education of children both as a result of their birth as a result of surrogate motherhood and as a result of adoption. Analyzed sociological and psychological studies prove that children raised in same-sex couples are generally less successful, have some problems with adaptation and social communication, but they receive more care and attention than they would receive in orphanages or other institutions. organizations of this type.
 The legislation of Ukraine does not recognize consanguineous marriages and partnerships, accordingly, such families are deprived of the right to adopt children under national legislation. At the same time, taking into account the global trends in both the perception of same-sex marriages/partnerships and the granting of them the opportunity to adopt children, as well as the development in Ukraine of the draft Law on the Institute of Registered Partnerships No. 9103, we note the possibility of changes in the legislative approach in the regulation of these relationships.

Knowledge and Attitude of Infertile Women towards Child Adoption as Infertility Management in South-Western, Nigeria

Infertility is a major societal problem with public health importance in developing countries and child adoption provides an alternative for infertile women to have children but misconceptions, myths and misinformation surrounding child adoption hinders infertile couple from adopting a child. This study was a cross sectional qualitative research carried out to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of infertile women towards child adoption as infertility management among 20 infertile women attending gynecology clinic in a government owned hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Respondents were purposively selected and data was collected with the aid of in-depth interview guide. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Obstacles of child adoption include psychological dissatisfaction and negative reaction of husbands and family members. Husbands’ reaction includes preference for biological children and marrying of second wives. Child adoption was psychologically dissatisfying to participants with some suggesting that it will make no difference and that step is a sign of acceptance of defeat in the quest to have biological children. Family dynamics found to hinder the practice of child adoption includes high value for blood relations, blaming of the woman, unpredictable family influence, discrimination against the adopted child, and family not allowing the adopted child to inherit property. To improve attitude and acceptability there is the need for community-wide sensitization programme targeting dispelling of myths and misconceptions and highlighting the benefits of child adoption among key stakeholders.

Mapping the digitalisation of child adoption in India: Challenges and future possibilities

Among several other countries, India has launched numerous digital initiative programmes aimed at integrating and upgrading various socioeconomic, political and health and social care arenas. One such area is child adoption, where a move away from the analogue system and towards digitalisation began in 2015. The Indian Ministry of Women & Child Development introduced the Child Adoption Resource Information and Guidance System (CARINGS), a digital adoption formalisation platform, under the Central Adoption Resource Authority, a nodal body that monitors and regulates both in-country and intercountry adoptions. This government initiative centralised adoption data from all over India, including the number of children declared free for adoption and the number of prospective parents registered and seeking to adopt. Against this context, this study aims to map the development of adoption in India through digital systems and the influence of digitilisation on those involved in the pre- and post-adoption phases. Drawing on both Western and Indian literature, as well as observations from an ongoing qualitative study on adoption digitalisation in India, this study discusses the benefits and limitations of digital systems for the people connected to them. The findings provide a comprehensive view of the interaction of technology and society and how this operates in the sociocultural context of adoption in India. Future implications for researchers and adoption social workers and consultants are discussed.

Parallel worlds and mixed economies: multi-proxy analysis reveals complex subsistence systems at the dawn of early farming in the northeast Baltic.

The transition from foraging to farming was a key turning point in ancient socio-economies. Yet, the complexities and regional variations of this transformation are still poorly understood. This multi-proxy study provides a new understanding of the introduction and spread of early farming, challenging the notions of hierarchical economies. The most extensive biological and biomolecular dietary overview, combining zooarchaeological, archaeobotanical, dietary stable isotope and pottery lipid residue analyses is presented, to unravel the nature and extent of early farming in the 3rd millennium cal BCE in the northeast Baltic. Farming was introduced by incoming Corded Ware cultural groups (CWC), but some dietary segregation existed within these communities, with some having more access to domesticates, others incorporating more wild resources into their diet. The CWC groups coexisted in parallel with local hunter-fisher-gatherers (HFG) without any indication of the adoption of domesticates. There was no transition from foraging to farming in the 3rd millennium cal BCE in the NE Baltic. Instead, we see a complex system of parallel worlds with local HFGs continuing forager lifeways, and incoming farmers practising mixed economies, with the continuation of these subsistence strategies for at least a millennium after the first encounter with domesticated animals.