Adoption Of Business Practices Research Articles

Harmonization of Business Practices with SDGs: Linking Macroeconomic Influence, Disclosure of CSR, Sharia Business Risks on Company Value with Female Directors

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships between a number of SDG’s important aspects. This study looks at Islamic business risks, macroeconomics, disclosure related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and the effect of having female members on the board of directors on the value of the company. Theoretical framework: The theoretical basis is the literature on the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the business practices implemented by corporations. The study's findings indicate that while macroeconomics does not have an impact on female directors' financial performance, it does have an impact on firm value. Female directors and corporate valuation are unaffected by CSR Disclosure, although financial performance is. Sharia business risk has an impact on female directors and firm value but has no impact on firm value itself. Design/methodology/approach: Data was gathered quantitatively. Using the use of partial least squares structural equation modelling, we studied surveying information from 27 samples, and the research period was 5 years, so the total data was 135 data (27x5 years). Findings: According to the findings, the contribution to the SDG's are a. Reduction of Inequalities (SDG 10), b. Poverty Eradication (SDG 1) and Productive Employment (SDG 8), c. Energy Sustainability (SDG 7) and Environmental Protection (SDG 13), d. Quality Education (SDG 4), e. Health and Wellbeing (SDG 3), f. Innovation and Infrastructure (SDG 9), g. Sustainable Water Environment and Clean Water (SDG 6), h. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions (SDG 16). The value of the company is impacted by female directors and financial performance. The effects of macroeconomics, CSR disclosure, and sharia business risks on firm value cannot be mitigated by female directors. Financial performance mediates the impact of CSR disclosure and sharia business risk on company value but not the impact of macroeconomics on firm value. Research, Practical & Social implications: This research aimed was to investigate the potential correlation between the adoption of business practices by corporations and the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Also, to investigate the connections between various important elements in a networked corporate environment. This study's primary target areas include macroeconomics, Islamic business risks, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure, and the effect of having female directors on the board of directors on corporate value. Originality/value: The study's worth lies in the additional insights it gives into the potential correlation between the adoption of business practices by corporations and the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Business Training and Mentoring: Experimental Evidence from Women-Owned Microenterprises in Ethiopia

Recent research shows that microenterprises in developing countries are constrained by their managerial capacity, especially in the areas of marketing, record keeping, financial planning, and stock control. In a stratified randomized controlled trial, experienced businesswomen in Ethiopia were given formal business training that addressed these constraints. A second-stage mentoring component in which a random selection of female mentees within the social and business network of the trainees from the first-stage business training received customized mentoring from these trained mentors. Pooled results using three rounds of posttraining surveys carried out over 3 years show that business training causes profit and sales to improve by 0.21 standard deviations, while business practices improve by 0.13 standard deviations. The overall impact of mentoring is muted—strong impacts are observed on the adoption of business practices among mentees, but there is no statistically significant impact on profits.

Mergers may enhance the legitimacy of community health organisations in neoliberal environments

PurposeComprehensive primary health care (PHC) models are seldom implemented in high income countries, in part due to their contested legitimacy in neoliberal policy environments. This article explores how merging affected the perceived legitimacy of independent community health organisations in Victoria, Australia, in providing comprehensive PHC services.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal follow-up study (2–3 years post-merger) of two amalgamations among independent community health organisations from the state of Victoria, Australia, was conducted. This article explores the perceived effects of merging on (1) the pragmatic, normative and cognitive legitimacy of studied organisations and (2) the collective legitimacy of these organisations in Victoria's health care system. Data were collected through 19 semi-structured interviews with key informants and subjected to template and thematic analyses.FindingsMerging enabled individual organisations to gain greater overall legitimacy as regional providers of comprehensive PHC services and thus retain some capacity to operationalise a social model of health. Normative legitimacy was most enhanced by merging, through acquisition of a large organisational size and adoption of business practices favoured by neoliberal norms. However, mergers may have destabilised the already contested cognitive legitimacy of community health services as a group of organisations and as a comprehensible state-wide platform of service delivery.Practical implicationsOver-reliance on individual organisational behaviour to maintain the legitimacy of comprehensive PHC as a model of organising health and social care could lead to inequities in access to such models across communities.Originality/valueThis study shows that organisations can manage their perceived legitimacy in order to ensure the survival of their preferred model of service delivery.

The Incidence of Social Responsibility in the Adoption of Business Practices

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies are evidenced by adopting socially relevant business practices for people, communities, companies, and related institutions. Based on this conception, the present work determines the incidence of ethics and CSR on practices regarding diversity, environment, and community of Chilean companies. The method, applied to a sample of 3179 Chilean companies, was descriptive and correlational. Results demonstrate an incipient level of standardization in the adoption of social responsibility practices. The dimension regarding diversity presented a higher cumulative correlation coefficient, which could lead to a change in CSR practices. It is concluded that the collective impact of the ethics and CSR policies was positive and significant in the adoption of practices related to diversity, environment, and community.

Neoliberalism and four spheres of authority in American education: Business, class, stratification, and intimations of marketization

This is the second of three articles on “Sources of Authority in Education”. All use the work of Amy Gutmann as a heuristic device to describe and explain the prevalence of market-based models of Education Reform in the United States as part of what Pasi Sahlberg terms the Global Education Reform Movement (GERM). This movement is based on neoliberal tenets and encourages the enterance of private business and the adoption of business practices and challenges long standing notions of democratic education. The first article is “Negating Amy Gutmann: Deliberative Democracy, Education and Business Influence” (to be published in Democracy and Education) and the third is “The Odd Malaise of Democratic Education and the Inordinate Influence of Business” (to be published in Policy Futures in Education). My intent is to include them, along with a fourth article, “Profit, Innovation and the Cult of the Entrepreneur: Civics and Economic Citizenship,” as chapters of a proposed volume, Democratic Education and Markets: Segmentation, Privatization and Sources of Authority in Education Reform.The “Negating Amy” article looks primarily at Deliberative Democracy. The present article considers the promise of Egalitarian Democracy and how figures such as Horace Mann, John Dewey, and Gutmann have argued it is based largely on the promise of public education. “The Odd Malaise” article begins by offering some historical background, from the origins of the common school in the 1600s to market emulation models, No Child Left Behind and how this is reflected in a “21st century schools” discourse; it ends by considering and underlying theme: what happens to the Philosophy of Education when Democracy and Capitalism are at odds. The “Profit, Innovation” article then looks at how ideological forces are popularized, considering Ayn Rand’s influence, the concept of Merit, Schumpeter’s concept of ‘creative destruction,’ and the ideal of the entrepreneur as related sources in a changing common sense, pointing out that the commonplace of identifying the innovator and the entrepreneur is misplaced.The present article accordingly begins to question business influence and suggest show we may outline its major features using Amy Gutmann’s work as a heuristic device to interpret business-influenced movements to reform public education. Originally the title was Turning Amy Gutmann on her Head. Consequently it returns to Gutmann’s Democratic Education and its three sources of authority, suggesting that the business community is a fourth source. As such, it is in a contest to supplant the systems of deliberative democracy for which Gutmann advocates.It continues with a consideration of what might be called a partial historical materialist analysis – the growth of inequality in the United States (and other countries) since the 1970s; this correlates with much of the basis for changes in the justifications and substance of Education reform. After casting this question in principal-agent terms, it then looks at both those who sought to create a public will for public education and recent reform movements that have sought to redirect public support from a unified education system and instead advocate a patchwork of charters, vouchers for private schools, on-line education, home schooling, virtual schools and public schools based on market emulation models. Drawing from other theories of education, especially Plato (and the Spartan model), Locke, and John Stuart Mill, it also suggests that it might be instructive to compare Gutmann’s three sources of authority to Abraham Kuyper’s concept of Sphere sovereignty.It concludes that ultimate authority for education is —or should be—, somewhat paradoxically, vested in the adult the child will become, creating practical problems regarding the education of the sovereign that are never fully resolved and which may, in fact, be unresolvable based on rational deliberation. Finally, it looks at one instrument of business, market segmentation, and its importance as a motivating factor for education reform.

Centrality and Flow Vergence gradient based Path analysis of scientific literature: A case study of Biotechnology for Engineering

Biotechnology, ever since its inception has had a huge impact on the society and its various applications have been intricately woven into the human web of life. Its evolution amidst all the other research realms vital to mankind is remarkable. In this paper, we intend to identify the radical innovations in Biotechnology for Engineering using network analyses. Centrality analysis and Path analysis are used for identifying important works. Existence of Flow Vergence effect in the scientific literature is revealed. Flow Vergence gradient, an arc metric derived from FV model, is utilised for Path analysis which detects pivotal papers of paradigm shift more accurately. A major paradigm shift has been identified in the business models of Biotechnology for Engineering — ‘Capability to Connectivity’ model. Evidence towards the adoption of business practices in BT firms by nanotechnology start-ups is also identified. The notion of critical divergence is introduced and the exhibition of interdisciplinary interaction in emerging fields due to critical divergence is discussed. Implications of above analyses which target: (i) Science and technology policy makers, (ii) industrialists and investors, (iii) researchers in academia as well as industry, are also discussed.

Public sector commercial orientation and the social contract

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to study the workings of commercial orientation, with a focus on performance management, in an environment that is characterised by limited competition between the public and the private sectors and a high level of government social responsibility.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive case study approach is adopted for this study. It draws on primary data from interviews with key personnel in public sector organisations, and on secondary data from government publications such as annual reports and budget papers.FindingsThis study shows that the market‐based performance management system has failed to achieve its intended objectives because it was introduced in a socio‐economic context that is hardly supportive of market management practices. The study shows that service delivery to the public has remained driven by social rather than economic imperatives. In the absence of other service providers, the Government's social responsibility towards its citizens has compelled service provision irrespective of the cost and reduced the cost‐benefit relationship in having informative costing systems.Practical implicationsExamining the workings of a market‐based performance management system in a non‐competitive setting provides evidence of the difficulty of achieving the intended benefits from the adoption of commercial practices in public sector agencies in some cases.Originality/valueWhereas extant literature focuses on the adoption of business practices in the process of public sector reform, no prior study has looked at this concept in a non‐competitive market. Understanding the workings of the market practices in such an environment where contestability is limited is fundamental to policy makers and researchers.