Adolescents In South Korea Research Articles

Acculturation strategies of multi-cultural family adolescents in South Korea: Marginalization, separation, assimilation, and integration

Little is known about acculturation strategies among multicultural family adolescents in South Korea. This study examined whether the life satisfaction of multicultural family adolescents differed by acculturation strategy. In addition, this study examined the factors that predict acculturation strategies. For this purpose, we used a one-way analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression. The data for this study were taken from the Multi-cultural Adolescents Panel Study. The frequencies of acculturation strategies were: marginalization, 297 (18.2 %); separation, 97 (6.0 %); assimilation, 839 (51.5 %); and integration, 395 (24.3 %). The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that life satisfaction was highest for integration and decreased for assimilation, separation, and marginalization. Gender, national identity, self-esteem, resilience, parental neglect, parental acculturative stress, family support, friends’ support, and teacher support were found to be significantly associated with the categorized acculturation strategies. Based on the results, implications with suggestions for future research are discussed.

Social Determinants of Health of Multicultural Adolescents in South Korea: An Integrated Literature Review (2018~2020)

Social Determinants of Health of Multicultural Adolescents in South Korea: An Integrated Literature Review (2018~2020)

Community Case Managers’ Experiences of Overcoming Suicide Crises among Late Adolescents in South Korea

Community Case Managers’ Experiences of Overcoming Suicide Crises among Late Adolescents in South Korea

A Structural Equation Model on Happiness among Adolescents in South Korea

Purpose This study was conducted to develop a unified structural model that defines relationships among the factors that affect happiness in adolescents in South Korea. Methods This study was performed using the dataset from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). The study participants were 2590 adolescents recruited through probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and structural equation modeling to determine the factors that influence adolescents' happiness. Results Our proposed structural model demonstrated a fine fitness level. Our proposed structural model was also able to describe happiness for adolescents with 68.2% accuracy. Positive social support, high self-esteem, and low depression were confirmed as key factors that influence happiness among adolescents. Meanwhile, physical symptoms were not shown to influence happiness for adolescents in South Korea. Conclusion We suggest that intervention is required to increase happiness in adolescents. Specifically, there is a need for combinational interventions that help adolescents in South Korea increase their social support and self-esteem while reducing their depression. Key words: Happiness; Models; Structural; Adolescent; Social support 주요어: 행복감, 구조모형, ì²­ì†Œë „, ì‚¬íšŒì  지지

"국내 다문화 아동 청소년 정신건강에 대한 연구동향 "

본 연구는 우리나라의 주요 구성원으로 성장할 다문화 아동 청소년의 정신건강에 관한 연구동향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2011년 이후부터 2020년까지 최근 10년간 국내에 출판된 논문72편을 대상으로 연구동향을 분석하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연도별 연구동향을 살펴본 결과 2011년부터 현재까지 연구들은 꾸준히 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 둘째, 연구방법에 따른 연구동향을 살펴보면 연구대상으로는 중고등학생을 대상으로 한 연구가 가장 많았고, 지역별로는 전국표집연구, 연구 유형으로는 양적연구, 시간설계로는 횡단연구, 자료수집 방법으로는 패널조사 자료 연구가 가장 많았다. 셋째, 관련 변인별 연구동향을 살펴본 결과로는 개인적 특성, 학교 및 기관, 가정 및 부모, 지역사회 및 국가 순으로 연구가 이루어지고 있었다. 이러한 분석 결과들을 바탕으로 향후 연구에 대한 방향과 시사점을 제언하였다.

Longitudinal relationships amongst child neglect, social relationships, and school dropout risk for culturally and linguistically diverse adolescents

BackgroundMany culturally and linguistically diverse adolescents in South Korea have been exposed to neglect and often decide to drop out of school. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories of child neglect, peer relationships, student-teacher relationships, and dropping out of school and the putative protective role of peer relationships and student-teacher relationships on the influence of perceived neglect on school dropout risk.Participants and Setting: The data were taken from a three-wave longitudinal sample from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Data, which consisted of 1316 culturally and linguistically diverse adolescents who were in the 7th to 9th grades (Female: 50.8 %). MethodsThis study utilizes a multivariate latent growth model to address the research questions. ResultsThe results indicated that child neglect, peer relationships, student-teacher relationships, and dropping out of school showed linear changes over time. Child neglect had a direct longitudinal effect on decreasing peer relationships and student-teacher relationships; it also increased school dropout risk. Positive peer relationships and student-teacher relationships had a direct effect on decreasing school dropout risk. Peer relationships and student-teacher relationships had a mediating effect on the relationship between school neglect and dropping out of school, but the mediating effect of those factors was significant only at the cross-sectional level. ConclusionsThis study suggests that among culturally and linguistically diverse students, building positive relationships with peers and teachers each year may reduce the negative effect that neglect can have in leading a student to drop out of school.

Moderated mediating effects of 4-H experience on adolescents’ agricultural career variables

ABSTRACT Purpose Agriculture-related jobs are becoming less attractive to adolescents in South Korea. In this situation, this study aimed to analyze the process of formation of career intention in the agricultural sector in relation to cognitive and emotional variables. In addition, the moderating effects of 4-H experience was analyzed. Design Moderated mediating effect analysis was conducted to the 4-H experience on the relationships between perceived values of agriculture, attachment and career intention. The data were gathered by stratified, cluster and proportional sampling of middle and high school students. A number of 769 questionnaires were used for the analysis after data cleaning. Finding Youths fully perceived the value of agriculture, but they did not have high levels of emotional bonds to agriculture and agricultural career intention. Perceived values of agriculture had a significant positive influence on the formation of agricultural career intention through the mediation of agricultural attachment. 4-H experience had significant moderated effects on the formation of agricultural career intention. Practical implication In terms of the operation of the 4-H program, in order to form agricultural career intention, it is necessary to operate differentiated program according to the youth’s perceptions and attachment level of agriculture. Theoretical implications This study is meaningful in that it identified agricultural career intention through the relationship between cognitive and emotional factor based on behavioral theories. Originality/values This study demonstrates the values of 4-H activities which facilitate the formation of agricultural career intention for youths in a situation where interest in 4-H is diminishing.

Screening Performance of the Korean Version of the Gambling Problem Severity Subscale of the Canadian Adolescent Gambling Index (CAGI GPSS)

The CAGI GPSS is the only instrument that was specifically developed to measure adolescent problem gambling. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the screening performance of the Korean version of the CAGI GPSS. The Korean version of the CAGI GPSS was validated with 1456 adolescents in South Korea. The results indicated that the Korean version of the CAGI GPSS was a unidimensional instrument, like its English version, and that it showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability and convergent validity. The Korean version of the CAGI GPSS demonstrated optimal performances at a cut-off score of 5. The cut-off score of 5 found in this study should be used to identify adolescents in school settings who had gambling problems. However, the sensitivity and specificity results should be interpreted with caution, because the adolescents included in the reference group might not represent all adolescents with gambling problems. Further evaluation is needed to heighten the values of the Korean version of the CAGI GPSS.

Impacts of multilevel factors on depressive symptoms among adolescents in South Korea

In this study, we used the social-ecological model to identify factors associated with the adolescents’ depressive symptoms. We utilized data from the 6th year of the Korea Youth Panel Survey, which followed 4th year elementary school students nationwide from 2010 to 2016, and annual average PM2.5 data measured in each city/county/district throughout the country in 2015 by the Korea Meteorological Administration. Using multilevel analysis, we analyzed a total of 1,204 students in 57 communities. The null model analysis results identified regional differences in adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Regarding individual and social factors at level 1, the conditional model analysis showed that gender, parental abuse, and negative relationships with teachers and peers had statistically significant associations with adolescents’ depressive symptoms. Regarding community factors at level 2, it showed that more positive community awareness was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms among adolescents. In contrast, the analysis showed that adolescents living in communities with high levels of Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 were more depressed. Based on these results, we recommend the provision of programs to improve relationships between parents, teachers, friends, and adolescents, and the implementation of intervention strategies to enhance community awareness and reduce air pollution to prevent and decrease adolescents’ depressive symptoms.

The Impact Factors on Mental Health of Male and Female Korean Adolescents - Focusing on Sexual Experience: Analyzing Data from the 11th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey

Purpose This study explored the effect of adolescents’ sexual behavior on mental health according to behavior, demographic, and sex-related characteristics. Methods The 11th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey was conducted with 67,427 adolescents in South Korea. The hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to investigate the relationship between adolescents’ sexual behavior and mental health (i.e., stress, depressive state, suicidal ideation, and subjective happiness). Results Male and female adolescents were more likely to experience stress, depression, and suicidal ideation if they were high school students, low-income, smoked, drank, and/or had low academic achievement. Those with sexual experience showed higher levels of stress and depression and suicidal ideation rates and lower happiness. After controlling for a variety of covariates, including individual, family, and school factors, adolescents experienced sexual intercourse showed significantly higher mental health status ORs than those who had not had intercourse. Conclusion It is necessary to provide an expanded health education program that combines healthy lifestyle and mental health promotion rather than fragmentary sex education to prevent negative physical and mental consequences of sexual intercourse among adolescents. Key words: Sexual behavior; Mental health; Adolescent 주요어: 성행위, ì •ì‹ ê±´ê°•, ì²­ì†Œë „

Self-esteem, Self-resilience, Cultural Identity and Acculturative Stress for Multiculrual Adolescents in South Korea

Self-esteem, Self-resilience, Cultural Identity and Acculturative Stress for Multiculrual Adolescents in South Korea

Extraversion, loneliness, and problematic game use: A longitudinal study

Extraversion, one of the Big Five personality traits, is considered a representative determinant of problematic game use. Although several studies have examined this trait, however, owing to the limitations of a cross-sectional approach, there have been conflicting results for the relationship between extraversion and problematic game behavior. The present study establishes the relationship between extraversion and problematic game behavior through a panel analysis using longitudinal data. In addition, considering loneliness as a condition that characterizes extraversion can be well demonstrated in this process, this study examines the moderating effects of loneliness. Based on the balanced panel samples of 529 adolescents in South Korea during four years (48.7% male; Mage = 15.07 years; SD = 2.59), hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. The results revealed that extraversion at time t is positively associated with problematic game use at time t + 1. Besides, loneliness moderates the relationship such that the positive relationship is strengthened when loneliness is high. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.

Changes in oral health indicators due to implementation of the National Health Insurance Services coverage for first molar dental sealant for children and adolescents in South Korea

BackgroundIn South Korea, dental sealant was included in the National Health Insurance Services (NHIS) coverage for the first molar for ages 6–14 in December 2009. The second molar was included in 2012, and the age of insurance coverage was extended to under 18 in 2013. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of an NHIS dental sealant coverage policy for children and adolescents by comparing the changes in first molar oral health indicators before and after policy implementation.MethodsThe Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were analyzed; the fourth period (2007–2009) provided data for before and the sixth period (2013–2015) provided data for after policy implementation. The proportion of individuals with first-molar sealant, decay-missing-filled first molar permanent teeth, and single crowns in the group aged 11–20 years were calculated. Data were analyzed using chi-square for complex samples and the complex samples general linear model. In addition, complex-sample logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the association between factors.Results: Compared with non-beneficiaries, among policy beneficiaries, sealant ownership increased by 7.7% (from 27.8 to 35.5, P < 0.001), and the number of permanent teeth with sealant per capita increased by approximately 0.4 to 0.8 (P < 0.001). The proportion of individuals with decay-missing-filled permanent teeth decreased by 9.1% (from 68.4 to 59.3, P < 0.001), and the average decay-missing-filled permanent teeth index per person decreased by approximately 2.0 to 1.5 (P < 0.001). The rate of single-crown holders decreased by 2.7% (from 8.7 to 6.0, P > 0.05), and the average single-crown index decreased by approximately 0.11 to 0.08 per person(P > 0.05). The number of sealants increased with age and household income (P < 0.001). The mother’s education level affected sealant experience (P < 0.05). The caries rate was higher in females and older respondents (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe sealant covered by NHIS contributed to decreasing dental caries in Korea. However, policies that can reduce oral health inequality should also be considered, and a follow-up study is required for long-term sealant maintenance in Korea.

Effects and Influencing Factors of a Stress Relief Program on Stress Response of Female High School Students in Korea

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a stress relief program on school stress level and stress response and coping experience of female high school students and to compare the effects and influencing factors by stress level. The study subject includes 32 female high school students in South Korea. After a stress relief program, in the low-stress group, stress coping was the only significant factor influencing stress response and its explanatory power in the constructed regression model was 66.0% (F=16.27, p=.005). In the high-stress group, coping with friendship stress and problematic stress was a significant factor influencing stress response and its explanatory power in the constructed regression model was 47.0% (F=9.98, p=.001). It is found that a stress relief program could improve the stress coping strategies among female high school students and thus should be implemented in high schools to decrease school stress and response levels among adolescents in South Korea.

Cyberbullying victimisation and school dropout intention among South Korean adolescents: the moderating role of peer/teacher support

ABSTRACT Using the social-ecological approach, this study examined the link between cyberbullying victimisation and the intention to drop out of school among school-aged adolescents in South Korea. This study used self-reported data from 11,132 students aged 10–19 who had participated in the 2016 Korean Children and Youth Rights Study. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to investigate the relationship between cyberbullying victimisation, social-ecological variables, and school dropout intention. In Step 1, cyberbullying victimisation was positively associated with students’ intention to drop out. All family factors (Step 2) and peer/school factors (Step 3) were significantly associated with the intention to drop out, except for peer victimisation. In Step 4, higher levels of peer/teacher support were found to buffer the association between cyberbullying victimisation and dropout intention. Findings from the study suggest that specific prevention and intervention programmes should be developed and implemented to improve adolescents’ well-being.

Relationships between gratitude, social support, and prosocial and problem behaviors

This study examined the association between gratitude and social behaviors in a sample of 877 adolescents in South Korea. Participants completed measures of gratitude, social support, prosocial behavior, and problem behavior scales. Gratitude had an influence on both prosocial and problem behaviors through social support as a mediating factor. Gender differences were found in the relationships between gratitude and problem behaviors. The current findings imply that supporting young people in early adolescence to have an enhanced level of gratitude and perceived social support may potentially be an effective educational intervention method. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Family Structure and Child Well-Being in a Non-western Context: The Role of Parent–Child Relations and Parental Conflict in South Korea

Research suggests that children who live with two biological married parents are less likely to exhibit behavioral problems than children who do not. While research on childhood outcomes often focuses on the nature of the family structure itself, recent studies have pointed to relationship quality between parents, and between parents and children, as important mechanisms through which family structure affects children. However, the independent influence of these two mechanisms—relationship quality between parents and between parents and children—on childhood outcomes has never, to our knowledge, been tested outside of a high-income western environment. Using the Korean Youth Panel Study (KYPS), we use cross-sectional and longitudinal GEE models to examine the influence of family structure, parent–child relationship quality, and parental conflict on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among 2844 adolescents in South Korea, a high-income, non-western context with relatively little family structure instability. We found that family structure, parental conflict, and parent–child relationship quality were all significantly related to child well-being. Children living in family structures other than with their two married biological parents were more likely to report internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. Further, parental conflict was negatively related to child well-being, while parent–child relationship quality was positively related to child well-being. These findings show that interpersonal relationships are important to children across family structures and should be included in studies examining how families impact child well-being. Our study also reinforces the importance of looking at family structures and processes in non-western contexts.

Late Chronotype is Associated with Adolescent Asthma: Assessment Using the Korean-Version MCTQ.

Objectives: In the study, we explored whether sleep chronotypes are associated with asthma in adolescents. Methods: We analyzed 24,655 physician-diagnosed adolescent asthmatic patients and 253,775 non-asthmatic adolescent patients from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors factors, psychological factors, and sleep parameters were assessed using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Logistic regression after adjusting for multiple confounders was used to explore the association between sleep chronotype and asthma. Results: The asthmatic adolescent group slept less (≤5 h: 24.3% vs. 23.2%) than the non-asthmatic adolescent group. Mean sleep duration (430.6 ± 95.6 vs. 433.5 ± 93.6 min), midpoint of sleep on school-free days (MSF; 255.9 ± 75.9 vs. 258.3 ± 73.6 min), midpoint of sleep on school days (MSW; 199.1 ± 49.1 vs. 200.1 ± 48.4 min), sleep duration on school days (SDW; 398.2 ± 98.1 vs. 400.2 ± 96.8 min), and sleep duration on school-free days (SDF; 511.8 ± 151.9 vs. 516.7 ± 147.2 min) were significantly lower, sleep satisfaction was significantly poorer (low sleep satisfaction: 41.3% vs. 37.5%), and late chronotype was significantly higher in the asthmatic adolescent (21.1% vs. 20.0%). After adjusting for multiple confounders, late chronotype was significantly associated with an increased frequency of adolescent asthma (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.09) compared to intermediate chronotypes. Conclusions: Although our study shows a very modest association (OR of 1.05 in the fully adjusted model), we show that the late sleep chronotype is associated with asthma in adolescents in South Korea.

Did the extended coverage policy contribute to alleviating socioeconomic inequality in untreated dental caries of both children and adolescents in South Korea?

BackgroundDental sealants have been covered by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) since December 2009 in South Korea. This study aims to determine whether the socioeconomic inequality in untreated dental caries decreased after implementing the extended coverage policy for dental sealant.MethodsThe data were derived from the fourth (2007–2009) and sixth (2013–2015) waves of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Dental caries and sealant experience by income quartiles were tested using the Rao-Scott chi-squared test. In order to examine socioeconomic inequalities and their trends over time, the prevalence ratios (PRs), slope index of inequality (SII), and relative index of inequality (RII) were estimated for each wave and age group. All analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.3.ResultsThe adjusted PRs of untreated dental caries and sealants in the poorest in the aged 6–11 group were significantly higher and lower, respectively, compared to the most affluent quartile group for the fourth wave; however, all significant differences disappeared for the sixth wave, after the sealant coverage. The gap between the lowest and the highest was similar for the aged 12–18 group but it widened in the untreated dental caries even after the sealant coverage. The statistical significance of the PRs was maintained at the sixth wave for both caries and sealants. Children showed decreases in both SII and RII over time so its significance disappeared. The SII among adolescents decreased over time but the RII of untreated dental caries increased.ConclusionsThis study found that the NHIS coverage expansion of dental care had a positive effect on overall status in dental health among children and adolescents. However, younger children benefited more in terms of inequalities. Our findings indicate that strategies to enhance access to preventive dental services should consider the differential effects for the vulnerable population in terms of socioeconomic status and age from the beginning stage of the policy.

Context of biethnic acceptance, biethnic affirmation, and life satisfaction among Korean biethnic adolescents

IntroductionThis study aimed to identify latent profiles based on familial ethnic socialization, peer discrimination, and school multicultural climate among biethnic adolescents in South Korea and to examine how the emerged profiles were related to their life satisfaction.We also examined how biethnic affirmation interacted with the profiles in predicting life satisfaction. MethodsQuestionnaire data from the first wave of the Panel Survey of Korean Multicultural Youth Adjustment was used. The sample consisted of 358 biethnic adolescents in 5th and 6th grade in South Korea. The meanage was 11.41 years old. Approximately 60% of the participants were in 5th grade and 51.68% were girls. ResultsThe results of LPA showed that familial ethnic socialization, peer discrimination, and school multicultural climate formed two distinct profiles in the current sample. These profiles were characterized as contexts of high and low biethnic acceptance. Biethnic adolescents in the context of high biethnic acceptance were significantly more satisfied with their lives than those in the context of low biethnic acceptance.Further, the positive association between biethnic iaffirmation and life satisfaction was more pronounced among adolescents in the context of low biethnic acceptance. ConclusionsFindings suggest the importance of promoting biethnic acceptance across family, peer, and school settings for adolescents' biethnic affirmation and life satisfaction.