Adolescents Research Articles

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 5,628 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in South Korea: A nationwide multicenter study

Purpose: There are limited data on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcomes in Korean patients with labora tory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and out comes of patients with COVID-19 using the Korean nationwide multicenter database. Methods: In this nationwide multicenter study, we included all confirmed patients of COVID-19 in South Korea from February 1 to April 30, 2020. Subjects were classified into 3 age groups: those at younger than 10 years (children), 10 to 20 years (adolescents), and 20 years or more (adults). Cases were confirmed by laboratory testing using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reac tion assay and analyzed for epidemiological and clinical features and outcomes. Patents were followed up until April 30, 2020. Results: Of 5,628 patients with COVID-19 (2,320 males [41.2%] and 3,308 females [58.8%]), there were 66 children (1.2%), 206 ado lescents (3.7%), and 5,356 adults (95.2%). The common comorbidities were hypertension (1,201, 21.3%), diabetes (691, 12.3%), de mentia (224, 4.0%), chronic heart disease (179, 3.2%), cancer (145, 2.6%), and asthma (128, 2.3%). The common presenting symp toms were cough (2,341, 41.6%), sputum (1,619, 28.8%), fever (1,305, 23.2%), headache (967, 17.2%), myalgia (926, 16.5%), and pha ryngodynia (881, 15.7%). One hundred sixty-five patients (2.1%) were confirmed as having moderate or severe COVID-19 and 118 (2.1%) as having severe COVID-19. Conclusion: Our descriptive study provides the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with labora tory-confirmed COVID-19 in South Korea. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2021;9:136-140)

Lise Öğrencilerinin Şiddete Yönelik Tutumlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi: Eskişehir Örneği

Günümüzde insanlığın karşı karşıya bulunduğu başlıca sorunlarından biri de şiddettir. Bu sorunun çözülmesi için bireylerin toplumsal ve bireysel özelliklerinin detaylı bir şekilde incelenmesi ve şiddete yönelme sebeplerinin ortaya çıkarılması gerekmektedir. Ergenlik, şiddet davranışının sıklıkla görüldüğü bir gelişim dönemidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, ergenlerin şiddete yönelik tutumlarının, cinsiyet, yaş, okul türü ve anne-babanın eğitim durumu değişkenlerine göre incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubu, Eskişehir İli Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı ve il merkezinde bulunan Anadolu Lisesi, İmam- Hatip Lisesi, Sosyal Bilimler Lisesi, Fen Lisesi, Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi olmak üzere rastgele seçilen beş farklı okul türünde, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında eğitim gören, 140’ı kız, 173’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 313 lise öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma tarama modelli ve betimsel bir çalışmadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde “t-Testi” ve “Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ergenlerin şiddete yönelik tutumlarında cinsiyet ve okul türü faktöründe anlamlı farklılık olduğu saptanırken, yaş ve ebeveynlerin eğitim düzeyi değişkenleri açısından anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, katılımcıların %41.9`u “Gerektiğinde kaba kuvvet kullanırım” ifadesine katıldığını belirtmiştir. Öğrencilerin okuldaki şiddeti daha çok fiziksel şiddet olarak gördüğü ortaya çıkmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda; anne babaların konuyla ilgili bilinçlendirilmelerine yönelik çalışmaların artırılması, ergenlere şiddete yönelmeden etkili problem çözme yöntemlerinin kazandırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar yapılması, eğitim müfredatında bütünleşmeyi sağlayan sevgi, saygı, güven, yardımseverlik gibi ortak sosyal değerlerin kazandırılmasına yönelik etkinliklere daha çok yer verilmesi ve okullarda şiddeti önleme ve izleme çalışmalarının artırılması önerilmektedir .

Uptake and reason for discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraception in a tertiary hospital: A 5 years retrospective review

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods, including intrauterine contraceptives and subdermal implants, are some of the most effective contraceptive methods available. They are known to be convenience, cost effective and suitable for many women. The study aims to determine the trends and uptake of long acting reversible contraception in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, assess the characteristics of the acceptors and identify the reason for discontinuation of the methods. A 5 years retrospective study was conducted at the family planning clinic of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2019. Case notes for all acceptors of LARC were retrieved. Data extracted include socio demographic characteristics of acceptors, previous contraceptive use and reason for discontinuation after one year of use; statistical significance was tested using chi-square. The results showed that 4064 new clients accepted the available family planning methods in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, during the study period. Out of this, 43.1% accepted sub dermal implant, and only 9.0% uses intra uterine contraceptive device (IUCD). Findings further revealed that there is a significant relationship (P<0.05) between uptake of LARCs and related socio demographic characteristics in this study. This means that adolescent are less likely to use LARC so also those of low parity. Reason for discontinuation include desire for more children, irregular menses, and contraceptive faire; husband refusal, weigh gain, infection and missing string of IUCD. The rising uptake of subdermal implant in this study is encouraging, however there is a low uptake of IUCD and adolescent are less likely to use LARC. Some clients discontinue the methods within one year of use. Therefore appropriate counseling, follow up care and management of side effects and clients inconveniences, involving men in reproductive health are important in reducing the rate of discontinuation and improved the uptake of LARC. Key words: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), reason for discontinuation, Nigeria.

Examination on North Korean Adolescent Defectors’ Social Adaptation and Effective Support Measures

Examination on North Korean Adolescent Defectors’ Social Adaptation and Effective Support Measures

Effects of adolescents' parental intimacy, parental supervision, peer pressure, and TV alcohol advertising on drinking

Effects of adolescents' parental intimacy, parental supervision, peer pressure, and TV alcohol advertising on drinking

The Relationship Between Parent and Peer Attachment on SNS Addiction Proneness among Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of the Fear of Missing Out

The Relationship Between Parent and Peer Attachment on SNS Addiction Proneness among Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of the Fear of Missing Out

AÇÃO COLABORATIVA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA LÍNGUA ESPANHOLA POR APRENDIZES BRASILEIRAS DO ENSINO MÉDIO DE UMA ESCOLA PRIVADA

Na área de ensino de línguas adicionais, há evidências do papel significativo do trabalho em pares no processo de aprendizagem discente. Este estudo buscou, por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, com base na teoria sociocultural (VYGOTSKY, 1991, 2000; BROOKS, DONATO, 1994; FIGUEIREDO, 2019) e na hipótese do output (SWAIN, 1995), (1) analisar a ocorrência das estratégias de mediação no decorrer das tarefas colaborativas desenvolvidas nas etapas anterior e posterior à administração da intervenção pedagógica e (2) identificar situações de andaimento nas tarefas transcorridas nessas duas etapas do estudo por uma dupla de estudantes de língua espanhola, matriculada no terceiro ano do ensino médio, em uma escola particular localizada no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Esses alunos foram expostos a tarefas colaborativas, com temática relativa à alimentação saudável e à prática de esportes na adolescência, nas etapas de pré-teste, intervenção e pós-teste. Os resultados apontaram maior ocorrência de estratégias de mediação na etapa de pré-teste e de andaimento na fase de pós-teste, sugerindo que a interação em díades forneceu benefícios para a aprendizagem em espanhol.

Trends in Sexual Intercourse, Sex Education Experience, and Contraception among Adolescents in Korea: Based on Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2006 to 2019

Trends in Sexual Intercourse, Sex Education Experience, and Contraception among Adolescents in Korea: Based on Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2006 to 2019

Classificação racial numa comunidade de atendimento socioeducativo: reflexões sobre negritude, mestiçagem e branquitude

O artigo analisa a classificação racial numa comunidade de atendimento socioeducativo (CASE), instituição com atribuição de executar a medida socioeducativa de internação de adolescentes e jovens autores de ato infracional. Tem por objetivo ratificar a importância da classificação racial para sistematização de dados oficiais sobre o sistema socioeducativo brasileiro, bem como refletir sobre algumas das implicações que incidem sobre a heteroclassificação em instituições como uma CASE, especialmente a partir de abordagens sobre negritude, mestiçagem e branquitude. O artigo parte dos resultados da pesquisa de doutorado desenvolvida no sistema socioeducativo baiano, que adotou os prontuários de atendimento técnico como principal fonte de coleta de dados. Palavras-chave: Sistema socioeducativo. Medida socioeducativa de internação. Classificação racial.

Autoestima en adolescentes implicados en situaciones de acoso escolar

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar a los adolescentes implicados en situaciones de acoso escolar y el impacto de este fenómeno psicosocial en su autoestima. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo no experimental con un enfoque cuantitativo, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 261 estudiantes correspondientes a todos los niveles de bachillerato con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y 18 años de ambos sexos, de una única institución educativa. En la recolección de datos se emplearon las escalas: European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire para la identificación de víctimas y agresores y la escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg que valora la autoestima. Se identificó un 31.8% de adolescentes víctimas, un 5.7% de agresores y un 9.6% de agresores victimizados. El sexo masculino se involucraba con mayor frecuencia que el femenino en conductas de victimización; el acoso verbal fue la tipología predominante. En cuanto a la autoestima de los adolescentes, se pudo evidenciar una tendencia al alza (aspectos positivos) siendo los agresores quienes presentaron menores índices de autoestima positiva. En conclusión, se puede evidenciar que la autoestima general de los estudiantes en situaciones de acoso escolar es positiva independientemente de si son víctimas, agresores o espectadores, evidenciándose un nivel alto de satisfacción personal.

RÉGIMEN PENITENCIARIO CHILENO A LA LUZ DE LA OBSERVACIÓN GENERAL NÚMERO 21 (1992) DEL COMITÉ DE DERECHOS HUMANOS DE LA ONU

El presente trabajo busca detectar y analizar las contradicciones entre la Observación General Número 21 del Comité de Derechos Humanos de la ONU y el Régimen Penitenciario Chileno. Para aquello será necesario analizar la crítica situación de las penas privativas de libertad en Chile, al contener profundas falencias materiales y normativas en su seno. Así, será necesario recurrir a instrumentos internacionales para colmar los vacíos existentes, por lo que, en primer lugar, se analizará la recepción y aplicación de normas internacionales sobre derechos humanos, después, se conocerán las características particulares del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Civiles y Políticos y, finalmente, se razonará acerca de la importancia de las Observaciones Generales, especialmente, de la Observación General Número 21 de 1992. Para finalizar, corresponde revisar las contradicciones particulares entre el Régimen Penitenciario Chileno y la Observación General Número 21, concentrando dicha evaluación en: a) la dignidad y humanidad, b) condenados y prisión preventiva, c) niños, niñas y adolescentes y; d) fin de la pena.

Mobile Application for Adolescent Suicide Prevention: Systematic Review and content analysis

Mobile Application for Adolescent Suicide Prevention: Systematic Review and content analysis

Estratégias de enfrentamento de adolescentes com câncer

O câncer na adolescência é marcado por uma junção de crises. Para explicar como ocorre o enfrentamento desta doença utilizou-se o modelo cognitivo comportamental das estratégias de enfrentamento. O objetivo principal deste artigo é investigar quais estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por adolescentes em tratamento oncológico atendidos em um serviço especializado situado em um hospital de atenção terciária localizado em Fortaleza (Ceará, Brasil). Foi aplicada a Escala Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas juntamente com um Roteiro Sociodemográfico e de Consulta ao Prontuário com adolescentes na faixa etária de 14 a 19 anos. Os dados foram organizados e analisados através do software SPSS. Os resultados mostram que a média de idade é de 15,86 anos, com mais adolescentes do sexo masculino (53,33%) procedentes da capital (60%), e nível de escolaridade no ensino médio incompleto. A estratégia de enfrentamento mais empregada pelos participantes é a focalizada no pensamento religioso, componente ligado a comportamentos adaptativos dos pacientes que serve como um importante fator de proteção à saúde e a maiores níveis de resiliência. Os resultados mostram a necessidade de compreender mais sobre como funciona o aspecto religioso no enfrentamento do câncer e em como a psicologia pode atuar no fortalecimento das estratégias adaptativas.

Identidad, Juventud y Crisis: el concepto de crisis en las teorías sobre la juventud

El artículo se propone reconstruir algunas narrativas teóricas sobre la juventud, articuladas en torno al concepto de crisis. Para ello, repasa las aportaciones de cinco autores del siglo XX, provenientes de distintas disciplinas, escuelas teóricas y coyunturas de crisis: Erik H. Erikson (1968) y su teoría sobre la juventud como “crisis normativa”; Stanley G. Hall (1904) y su teoría sobre la adolescencia como fase de “tempestad y estímulo”; Antonio Gramsci (1929-31) y su teoría sobre juventud, hegemonía y crisis de autoridad; Margaret Mead (1970) y su teoría sobre la capacidad prefigurativa de la crisis juvenil; Dick Hebdige (1979) y su teoría sobre el punk como metáfora de la crisis. El artículo concluye preguntándose qué elementos de estas teorías deben descartarse y cuáles pueden rescatarse, para comprender la metamorfosis de la condición juvenil tras las secuelas de la última crisis y para diseñar políticas públicas y privadas más efectivas para enfrentarla. El texto incorpora un postscriptum sobre la crisis del coronavirus.

The Effects of Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance, Self-regulation Abilities, on Adolescent’s Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behaviors: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Self-regulation Mode and Volitional Inhibition Mode

The Effects of Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance, Self-regulation Abilities, on Adolescent’s Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behaviors: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Self-regulation Mode and Volitional Inhibition Mode

A Study on the Relationship between Oral Health Promotion Behavior and Oral Symptoms According to Dietary Life of Adolescents

A Study on the Relationship between Oral Health Promotion Behavior and Oral Symptoms According to Dietary Life of Adolescents

Reproductive Health Issues and Use of Family Planning Methods among Married Adolescent Mothers

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Nepal ranks among the twenty countries with the highest child marriage rates in the world. Adolescent mothers are at higher risk for poorer maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study intended to find the reproductive health issues and use of family planning methods among married adolescent mothers at a tertiary care center in a western part of Nepal. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among adolescent mothers who attended the family planning counseling session at Community Medicine Out-patient Department at a tertiary care center. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection and variables were entered in SPSSTM version 16. Descriptive statistics were presented in terms of mean and percentage. Results: Among 235 adolescent mothers, the mean age of adolescent mothers was 18.02 years (SD = 1.13). Almost 93.2% had not used any kind of contraceptive methods previously. Limited knowledge, uncomfortable talking about contraception and spousal denial were common reasons for not using contraception. Obstetric related complications were observed in 13.6% and one in ten neonates required neonatal intensive care unit admission during the study period. After the counseling session, six out of ten expressed current choice of long-acting reversible contraceptives method in which Jadelle implant was preferred. Conclusion: Our study among the adolescent mothers showed that use of family planning methods before pregnancy had been very low. Policies need to focus on meeting the unmet need for family planning among married adolescent girls.

Effects of fruits and vegetables intake and physical activities on the relationship between one-child and low height level classification

Objective To explore the relationship between one-child and low height level classification among children and adolescents, and the effects of fruits, vegetables and physical activities on this association, and to provide as cientific reference for probing into and improving the differences of their height level between one child and child with siblings. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method, 93 primary and secondary schools in 7 provinces and cities in China were selected for physical examination and questionnaire surveys. A total of 40 978 primary and middle school students aged 7-17 were selected. A multilevel Logistic regression model was used to analyze. Results Univariate analysis found that being one-child was less likely to be classified as low height level ( OR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.58-0.67); the multilevel model also found that the probability that one-child being at low height level was still lower ( OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.73-0.85), and daily vigorous-intensity physical activities ≥1 h ( OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-0.99) and daily vegetables and fruits intake ≥5 servings ( OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75-0.92) could also reduce the probability of being at low height level. Hierarchical analysis found that when vegetables and fruits intake and physical activities time were sufficient, there was no longer a significant difference in the height level classification between one-child and child with siblings ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Being one-child could be a protective factor for the height level classification of children and adolescents. Adequate intake of vegetables and fruits and time of vigorous-intensity physical activities could fill the gap of height level classification between of being one-child and child with siblings. Effective behavioral intervention measures should be taken to protect the healthy growth of height among children and adolescences. 【摘要】 目的 探讨独生子女与儿童青少年低身高发育等级的关联以及果蔬摄人和体力活动对该关联的影响, 为探究和 改善独生与非独生子女身高发育等级的差异提供科学依据。 方法 采用分层整群抽样方法, 在中国7个省市抽取93所中 小学校40 978名7〜17岁学生进行体格检查和问卷调查, 采用多水平模型进行统计学分析。 结果 单因素分析发现, 独生 子女处于低身高发育等级的概率更低 ( OR = 0.63,95% CI =0.58~0.67);多水平模型发现, 独生子女处于低身高发育等级的 概率依然较低 ( OR = 0.78,95% CI = 0.73~0.85), 且每日中/高等体力活动时间≥1 h ( OR = 0.92,95% CI =0.85~0.99)和每日 蔬菜水果摄人量≥5份 ( OR = 0.83,95% CI = 0.75〜0.92)也可降低处于低身高发育等级的概率。分层分析发现, 果蔬摄人和 体力活动充足时, 独生与非独生子女身高发育等级差异均无统计学意义( P 值均>0.05)。 结论 独生子女是儿童青少年身 高发育可能的影响因素, 充足的果蔬摄人和体力活动可改善非独生与独生子女身高发育等级的差距。应采取有效的行为 干预措施, 保护儿童青少年身高健康发育。

Epidemiological study of food allergy in a population of Argentine children.

INTRODUCTION Food allergies affect mostly children in their first years of life. Epidemiological data obtained in Argentina are scarce. OBJECTIVES To determine offending foods and describe the prevalence and characteristics of patients with food allergy in an Argentine pediatric population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Observational, retrospective, crosssectional study on patients younger than 18 years. RESULTS A total of 321 patients were included; food allergy was confirmed in 64 % (207) of cases. An immunoglobulinE-mediated mechanism was observed in 53% (109); cow's milk protein allergy, in 68 % (140); egg allergy, in 20 % (41); and anaphylaxis as clinical manifestation, in 12 % (24). The overall prevalence of food allergy was 0.87 % (95 % confidence interval: 0.7-0.9). CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of food allergy was 0.87%. Cow's milk was the main allergen, even among adolescents.

Trajectory of Game Experience and Social Capital for Korean Adolescent Game Users

Trajectory of Game Experience and Social Capital for Korean Adolescent Game Users