Adolescents Victims Of Violence Research Articles

Pengembangan panduan model konseling cognitive behavioral therapy teknik mindfulness berbasis website SI-konseling untuk mengatasi traumatik pada remaja korban kekerasan

<em>The study aims to develop the validity and effectiveness of the cognitive behavioral therapy counseling model guide for mindfulness techniques based on the SI-Counseling website to overcome trauma in adolescent victims of violence. This research is included in development research with the 4D method (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Data collection was carried out with an expert validity assessment which was analyzed using the CVR (Content Validity Ratio), CVI (Content Validity Index) and t-test formulas. The results of the CVR analysis show that all statements are on average relevant, the CVI score of 1 is in the very suitable category, and the cognitive behavioral therapy counseling model guide for mindfulness techniques has met the requirements for use. These results state that the development of a cognitive behavioral therapy counseling model guide for mindfulness techniques based on the SI-Counseling website is effective for overcoming trauma in adolescent victims of violence</em>

Pengembangan panduan model konseling solution facused brief counseling teknik imagery and visualitation berbasis website SI- konseling untuk mengatasi depresi pada remaja korban kekerasan

<span>The purpose of this research is to develop and test the adequacy and effectiveness of the guideline content. counseling model solution focused brief counseling imagery and visualitation techniques based on the SI-Counseling website to overcome depression in adolescent victims of violence. Such studies are included in development studies using the 4D methodology (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Two counseling instructors participated in this study as well as 1 educational technology lecturer as an expert and 1 counseling teacher at SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja and 1 counselor from the Office of Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Buleleng Regency as practitioners tasked with testing the usability, correctness, and enforceability of policies. From the assessment carried out, it proves that the solution focused counseling model guide book, imagery and visualitation technique brief counseling, meets the terms and conditions for use. The ES value in counseling is included in the high category, namely ES: 1.66.</span>

Violência intrafamiliar e fonoaudiologia: uma análise do conteúdo

ABSTRACT Purpose to analyze the difficulties and facilities reported by Speech and Language Pathology and Audiology in cases of domestic violence against children and/or adolescents. Methods cross-sectional research, carried out through the application of questionnaires with speech therapists from Paraná and Santa Catarina. Professionals from the clinical field who assisted children and adolescents were included, and speech therapists who only assisted adults and the elderly were excluded. The data were explored through the Content Analysis methodology. Results 75 Speech and Language Pathology and Audiology were included, 70.7% from Paraná and 29.3% from Santa Catarina. Of the participants, 52% assisted children and/or adolescents with suspected or confirmed cases of violence. In the content analysis, the results were allocated on a single axis subdivided into three thematic sub-axes: 1.1 professionals who did not report difficulties or facilities, sub-axis 1.2 the facilities and sub-axis 1.3 the difficulties. Conclusion The facilities of the Speech and Language Pathology and Audiology in caring for victims of child and youth intrafamily violence are related to a good therapeutic bond between the patient and/or family members and adequate multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary and network work. The difficulties in Speech and Language Pathology and Audiology care for children and adolescents victims of violence are related to the dialogue with the family, the support bodies, the frequency of the patient, the elaboration of therapeutic strategies, and the lack of professional and psychological preparation of the speech therapist.

Insecure Attachment: Teenage Victims of Violence in Courtship

This study aims to decide the role of insecure attachment in adolescent victims of violence in courtship. This type of research is a type of qualitative research with phenomenological methods. The data collection methods used are observation and interviews. The data collection technique used is the purposive sampling technique. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used consist of preparing data, reading the entire data, coding data, applying the results of data coding into themes that are ready to be analyzed, presenting themes in the form of narratives, and interpreting data. The results of this study showed that the four subjects namely JN subjects, SP subjects, LA subjects, and AP subjects who were adolescent victims of violence in courtship had insecure attachment. The main factors causing the victim to have a relationship are the presence of affection, wanting to be loved, and the desire to seek a sense of security. These attachment styles include fearful avoidant on JN subjects, preoccupied on SP subjects and LA subjects, and dismissive on AP subjects.

Violent Victimization and Adolescents' Attitudes Toward Romantic Relationships and Sexual Activity.

Violent victimization in adolescence spurs risk-taking behaviors (e.g., violent offending and substance use/abuse), undermines mental well-being, disrupts developmental transitions, and even has interpersonal and relational consequences. Adolescent victims initiate earlier and progress faster through sexual and romantic relationships. Because the reasons for the links between victimization and relationship behaviors remain unclear, we explored how violent victimization might shape how adolescents think and feel about intimate/romantic relationships. We focus specifically on interest in forming relationships and expectations about intimate/sexual activity occurring within relationships. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 10,570 [54% girls; 56% non-Hispanic white; ages 11-18]), we found that adolescent victims of violence were more pessimistic about marriage and more favorable toward sexual activity, with patterns varying by age at victimization and gender. Late adolescent victims were marginally more interested in romantic relationships but were pessimistic about marriage. Early adolescent and girl victims were less favorable toward sexual activity in relationships, while later adolescent and boy victims were more permissive. Violent victimization may foster problematic attitudes toward intimate relationships, which may account for previously observed increased involvement in risky relational and sex behaviors.

Cross-sectional survey of underreported violence experienced by adolescents: a study from Indonesia

BackgroundGlobal studies on adolescent victims of violence require serious attention due to the possibility that underreported cases may be higher than official records indicate. Since Indonesia expects to witness a demographic bonus, extensive research is needed to strengthen early detection, case handling, and prevention. Here, we report the outcomes of a survey on physical, verbal, and sexual violence experienced by adolescents in West Java, an Indonesian province inhabited by 18% of the country’s total population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2017 using the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children (ICAST-C) questionnaire for detecting child abuse; an expert panel translated, simplified, and validated it based on a theoretical framework that combines paediatrics, public health, and medicolegal perspectives. We aimed to cover a large sample size and explore three types of violence (physical, verbal, and sexual) that have high evidentiary value in the forensic context. The respondents were adolescents in the first and second grades of middle school (12 to 14 years old) and high school (15 to 17 years old) in seven cities/municipalities in the province, selected through several stages of simple random sampling (N = 3452). We analysed the samples through univariate (percentage), odds ratio (OR), comparison, correlation, and correspondence analyses.ResultsThe results showed that 78.7% of the adolescents experienced violence in 2017, comprising those who encountered at least one incidence of physical violence (43.1%), verbal violence (12.2%), and sexual violence (4.5%). Data overlap includes 14.3% who experienced one type of violence in 2017, 7.4% who experienced two forms of violence, and 1.4% who underwent all three kinds of violence. The offenders were mainly adolescents across all types of violence, except for being forced to engage in sexual intercourse. Several victims of sexual violence did not state who the offenders were. Further, several characteristics showed a higher chance of experiencing violence than other characteristics, especially for adolescents who were still in middle school and those who lived only with their mothers. Correspondence analysis suggested subtle differences between characteristics.ConclusionWe expect this study to help identify risk and protective factors that are essential to strengthening early detection efforts, decisive medicolegal examinations, case handling, and policy-making.

Trauma Made in America: The Consequences of Violent Victimization for Immigrant Youth in Early Adulthood.

Research finds that adolescent violent victimization results in numerous lasting negative life consequences. However, the long-term impacts of victimization are understudied among immigrant youth. Using a subsample of 952 immigrants from Waves I-III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, regression models are specified to determine whether violent victimization in adolescence is related to negative outcomes in early adulthood (poor health, depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, suicidality, alcohol problems, drug use, property offending, and violent offending). Results indicate that victimization has no robust associations with any long-term adverse outcomes among immigrants. The findings are discussed using perspectives on immigrant resilience and highlight the need for research to further explore how immigrant youth overcome their experiences with violence.

Childhood adversity subtypes and violence victimization and perpetration among early adolescents in Shanghai, China

BackgroundThis cross-sectional study aimed to identify adverse childhood experience (ACE) subtypes using variable- and person-centered approaches and examine the possible sex-differentiated associations with violence involvement as victim, perpetrator, and victim-perpetrator.MethodsAdolescents aged 10–14 years in three junior high schools in Shanghai, China, were selected using a cluster sampling method in November and December 2017. Participants were surveyed anonymously using a computer-assisted self-interview approach via tablets. Thirteen items modified from the CDC-Kaiser ACE study were used to measure the ACEs. Results show subtypes as neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction by developing cumulative index score from the variable perspective and subgroups identified through the latent class analysis (LCA) from the person perspective. Logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between each ACE subtype and violence victimization and perpetration after adjusting for some demographic characteristics.ResultsA total of 1,700 participants were included in the final analysis. Approximately 1,322 (77.76 %) participants reported experiencing at least one ACE. The prevalence of neglect, abuse, and household dysfunction was 64.12 % (n = 1090), 61.29 % (n = 1042), and 18.24 % (n = 310), respectively. Three classes were identified through the LCA: low exposure to all ACEs (n = 854, 50.23 %), high exposure to emotional and physical abuse and neglect (n = 715, 42.06 %), and high exposure to all ACEs (n = 131,7.71 %). After controlling the covariates, experiencing abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction was significantly related to violence victimization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.19, 3.29, 2.37, P < 0.001) and victim-perpetrator (aOR = 3.48, 4.41, 5.16, P < 0.001). Adolescent violence perpetration was only found to be associated with being neglected (aOR = 2.37, P = 0.003) and suffering household dysfunction (aOR = 3.25, P < 0.001). LCA revealed the cumulative effects of ACEs on adolescent violence victimization and perpetration. Sex-stratified analysis indicate that girls were more vulnerable to the negative effects of ACEs, with a higher risk of perpetration among girls exposed to distinctive subtypes or multiple ACEs.ConclusionsACEs were ubiquitous and significantly associated with an elevated risk of violence victimization and perpetration during early adolescence. Future research should examine whether these associations persist over time and the intermediating mechanism from the perspectives of individual neurodevelopment, cognition and resilience ability, and social support.

Relationship between Adolescent Violence Victimization and Sexual Victimization in a Poly-victimization Perspective

Relationship between Adolescent Violence Victimization and Sexual Victimization in a Poly-victimization Perspective

Street Codes and Adolescent Violent Victimization at School: Unpacking a Complex Relationship

This study examines the effects of adherence to street codes on school-based violent victimization. In doing so, it separates street values into two distinct orientations: (1) retaliatory norms, and (2) general toughness norms. We analyze survey data from students across four waves of the Rural Substance Abuse and Violence Project using two-level mixed effects Poisson regression. The model specifies random intercepts across individuals to address possible endogeneity of the repeated measurements per respondent. Further, consistent with a fixed-effects approach, we control for differences across the schools in which students were nested. Findings reveal that adherence to retaliatory norms is negatively related to the frequency of serious violent victimization. In contrast, general toughness norms are positively related to serious violent victimization.

Narrativa de violência sexual: caso do Centro de Atendimento Integrado 18 de Maio

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as boas práticas humanizadas e recomendações para uma política pública de Estado, com recorte no Centro de Atendimento Integrado 18 de Maio, destinado ao atendimento de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violências, instalado no Distrito Federal (Brasil), em 2016. Quais seriam as boas práticas no atendimento a essas crianças e adolescentes, vítimas de violência sexual, de modo a se tornarem recomendações de políticas públicas de Estado, com consequente ampliação de novos centros? Em termos metodológicos, os dados foram consolidados com base em revisão de literatura de publicações recentes da ONG Childhood, no período de 2014 a 2018; em estudos empíricos e ensaios teóricos publicados na literatura científica, enfatizando as peculiaridades da realidade institucional, social, cultural e econômica da Capital Federal. Na análise, são considerados os relatos e as ações de experiências dos sujeitos de direitos (crianças e adolescentes) frente às denúncias recebidas pelo Disque 100, no contexto da submissão da vítima (criança e adolescente) à reapresentação de narrativa de violência sexual e suas consequências para esses sujeitos. Aponta-se que as boas práticas fazem parte do processo de atendimento e são responsáveis pela qualidade do trabalho desempenhado pelos profissionais especializados. Aponta-se, ainda, que a falta de interação e promoção entre os demais órgãos da rede de proteção pode causar graves problemas na implementação de políticas públicas de Estado.

(In)visibility of notifications of violence against children and adolescents registered in a municipality in southern Brazil.

Objective.To know the perception of health, education and social service professionals about the records and notifications of violence against children and adolescents, carried out in a municipality in the south of Brazil.Methods. This is an exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative approach, specifically developed in places that integrate children and adolescents victims of violence. Ten professionals participated, including three nurses, one doctor, two social workers, two psychologists, one tutor, and one educator. Data collection was performed through a semi-structured interview. The statements were submitted to discursive textual analysis.Results. The analysis showed that the act of recording and reporting violence against children and adolescents is still not a routine practice for health professionals. The registration and formal communication of the information should be considered as a priority; however, the results showed that the protection of the victim seems to overlap with the registry. The study identified important elements in strategies for coping with violence against children and adolescents: centralization of notifications in a single service; creation of a notification flow; existence of an advisory team to deal with cases of violence; and completion of compulsory notification by education and social assistance professionals.Conclusion. For the professionals, the routine attendance of situations involving violence, but not formalized through the notification form, has contributed to the underreporting and invisibility of the cases.

Social determinants of health and maxillofacial injuries in children and adolescents victims of violence: A novel GIS-based modelling application.

Physical violence against children and adolescents comprises a serious public health problem and often results in oral and maxillofacial traumas. Social determinants may favour the occurrence of these events, but few studies have critically evaluated the interaction between social and geographical risk factors. To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of oral and maxillofacial traumas resulting from violence against children and adolescents through geostatistical techniques. This study was an ecological analysis of cases of trauma caused by violence against Brazilian children and adolescents using aggregated data from victims attended at a Center of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Dentistry between January 2012 and December 2015. Data were analysed through modelling based on geographic information system (GIS). Two distinct patterns of longitudinal trajectory of oral and maxillofacial trauma related to violence against children and adolescents were identified (TP1 and TP2, P<0.05). The spatial regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between higher incidence of cases and areas with worse socioeconomic conditions (β=0.047, SE=0.020, P<0.05). Neighbourhoods with considerable socio-spatial vulnerability for violence against children and adolescents and maxillofacial traumas were identified.

Care for chidren and adolescents victims of violence: feelings of professionals from a psychosocial care center

ABSTRACT Objective: to unveil the feelings experienced by health professionals working at a Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil) in the care for children and adolescents victims of violence. Methodology: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, carried out in a Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Center (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil). Data were collected through a semi-structured interview with ten professionals from the multidisciplinary team between May and June 2017. Data interpretation was based on the thematic analysis. Results: there were two themes: Contact with violence: feelings that emerge; and Between reason and emotion: contact with the perpetrator of violence. It was evidenced a multiplicity of feelings that affect the professionals involved in the care for children/adolescents victims. Conclusion and implications for practice: from the results, it is identified that professionals have difficulties in caring for children/adolescents victims of violence, with a need to devise strategies to deal with the range of feelings that emerge when performing this. In order to do so, it is believed that it is necessary to improve attention in the care network in order to reduce emotional levels overload and improve quality of life of victims and professionals, in order to solve problems for a healthier working process.

Heterogeneous effects of adolescent violent victimization on problematic outcomes in early adulthood*

AbstractViolent victimization—particularly when it happens to young people—can inflict a wide array of negative consequences across the life course. Nevertheless, some victims are more likely to suffer these consequences than others, and we do not have a very good understanding of why that is. One promising avenue of research is to examine how individuals’ differential risks of being victimized affect the extent to which they experience negative outcomes. By using propensity score matching and data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 8,323), in this study I estimate the heterogeneous effects of adolescent violent victimization on several problematic outcomes in early adulthood (violent and property offending, subsequent violent victimization, depressive symptoms, hard drug use, and low educational attainment). Individuals’ differential risks of adolescent violent victimization are estimated with a host of personal, social, and contextual factors, including prior experiences with crime and violence. The results show that the consequences of adolescent victimization in early adulthood are more pronounced for youth with the lowest risks of being victimized. These findings have important implications for theory, research, and practice, and they emphasize that the consequences of victimization cannot be understood separately from the sources of victimization.

Protection of children and adolescents victims of violence: the views of the professionals of a specialized service.

To know the obstacles faced by the professionals to work in network and challenges of the work of the professionals in the Reference Center Specialized in Social Assistance (CREAS) of a municipality in the extreme south of Brazil. It is a qualitative study, developed with twelve professionals of a CREAS. Data collection was performed through a semi-structured interview, from April to May 2016. The interviews were submitted to content analysis. The fragmentation among the various services that make up the victim assistance network is an obstacle for professionals as they are unable to continue the recovery and health promotion actions of these families. The professionals point out the bureaucratic procedures, the accumulation of functions and the lack of human and financial resources as a routine problem and that seriously hinders the progress of the service. For the professionals, the protection network presents weaknesses that compromise the guarantee of the rights of children and adolescents.

Multitype violence exposures and adolescent antiretroviral nonadherence in South Africa.

Objectives:HIV-positive adolescents have low-ART adherence, with consequent increased risks of mortality, morbidity, and viral resistance. Despite high rates of violence against children in the Africa region, no known studies have tested impacts on HIV-positive adolescents. We examine associations of ART adherence with adolescent violence victimization by caregivers, teachers, peers, community members, and healthcare providers.Design and methods:HIV-positive adolescents were interviewed (n = 1060), and clinic biomarker data collected. We sampled all 10–19-year olds ever ART-initiated within 53 clinics in 180 South African communities (90.1% reached). Analyses examined associations between nonadherence and nine violence types using sequential multivariate logistic regressions. Interactive and additive effects were tested with regression and marginal effects.Results:Past-week self-reported ART nonadherence was 36%. Nonadherence correlated strongly with virologic failure (OR 2.3, CI 1.4–3.8) and symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis (OR 1.49, CI 1.18–2.05). Four violence types were independently associated with nonadherence: physical abuse by caregivers (OR 1.5, CI 1.1–2.1); witnessing domestic violence (OR 1.8, CI 1.22–2.66); teacher violence (OR 1.51, CI 1.16–1.96,) and verbal victimization by healthcare staff (OR 2.15, CI 1.59–2.93). Past-week nonadherence rose from 25% with no violence to 73.5% with four types of violence exposure.Conclusion:Violence exposures at home, school, and clinic are major and cumulating risks for adolescent antiretroviral nonadherence. Prevention, mitigation, and protection services may be essential for the health and survival of HIV-positive adolescents.

The Interrelationship between Family Violence, Adolescent Violence, and Adolescent Violent Victimization: An Application and Extension of the Cultural Spillover Theory in China

The current study is the first study to emphasize family systems, violent norms, and violent peer association as three domains of the social environment that influence both adolescent violent offending and victimization among Chinese adolescents using a longitudinal sample. Under the framework of cultural spillover theory, the purpose of the current study was to explore how these three factors influenced adolescent violent offending and victimization. A total of 1192 middle and high school students were randomly selected from one of the largest cities in Southwest China. Structural equation model analysis was applied to investigate the direct and indirect effect of violence in the family system on violent offending and victimization. The results indicated that violent offending and victimization overlapped among Chinese adolescents. Violent peer association and acceptance of the violence norm fully mediated the effect of violence in the family system on violent offending, and partially mediated the effect of violence in the family system on violent victimization. In conclusion, adolescents who had experienced violence in their family system were more likely to be exposed to violent peer influences and to accept violent norms, which increased the likelihood of violence perpetration and victimization later in their life.

Decision analysis in referrals of children and adolescent victims of violence: An ANP approach

The information on violence against children and adolescents in institutions is limited to varying degrees, resulting in inadequate reporting and referrals to safety nets. This paper therefore aims to develop a care protocol that helps institutions in the Brazilian cities of Uberaba, Minas Gerais, and Bauru, São Paulo, to manage reports of violence against children and adolescents. The research used the Analytic Network Process Method (ANP) to improve the flow of victim referrals, making decisions according to the right violated and the type of violence involved. A survey showed that, from a general point of view, the health sector should be a priority point of referral for victims. In the specific cases of neglect and physical violence, social care and Child Protective Services are the priority sectors, respectively. The health sector is the priority for cases of psychological violence and sexual violence.

청소년의 폭력피해경험이 차별행위에 미치는 영향과 우울의 매개효과

청소년의 폭력피해경험이 차별행위에 미치는 영향과 우울의 매개효과