Adolescent Victims Of Sexual Violence Research Articles

Psychological aspects of children and adolescents victims of sexual violence: an analysis of strategies in the brazilian health system

Violence is something that is unfortunately culturally embodied in global society. Among the existing forms of violence, sexual violence is one of the biggest indicators in recent years in the world and in Brazil. The people most vulnerable to this violence are children and adolescents, who end up suffering various physical and psychological problems. In Brazil, there are various public bodies to deal with this type of violence, and care networks to help victims recover. To highlight the psychological aspects of children and adolescents who have been victims of sexual violence and the strategies of the care network for children and adolescents in Brazil. This study is an integrative literature search, with data collected from SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and BVS (Virtual Health Library). The data survey and the focus of this research yielded a total of 15 articles that correspond carefully to the axes established in this work, which are: axis 1: impacts of sexual violence on the mental health of individuals, axis 2: characterization of psychological suffering in children and adolescents victims of sexual violence and axis 3: psychosocial care network as a care tool for children and adolescents victims of sexual violence. Children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence suffer from a number of extremely serious psychological and social problems. The process of maturing is totally shaken by the psychological games and psychological torture suffered during sexual violence, which has a major impact on the victim's life, making the care networks and laws to support this group work increasingly hard to track down this type of violence, so that the rates of child and adolescent sexual abuse decrease more and more. The risks that the child and adolescent population face as a result of having experienced episodes of sexual violence are obvious. This is a group that deserves a great deal of attention in their social environment in order to trace any means of violation. The networks that care for these victims of sexual abuse play a fundamental role in finding, recovering and promoting cases of sexual violence.

청소년 성폭력 피해경험자의 과거 중복학대 경험과 정신건강 －스트레스 민감성 모델(Stress Sensitization Model) 검증－

청소년 성폭력 피해경험자의 과거 중복학대 경험과 정신건강 －스트레스 민감성 모델(Stress Sensitization Model) 검증－

Peran Dukungan Sosial Keluarga dalam Proses Penerimaan Diri pada Remaja Korban Kekerasan Seksual

Throughout 2022 cases of sexual violence against minors that occurred in Indonesia were reported as many as 16,444 cases and still growing (https://kekerasan.kemenpppa.go.id/ringkasan). Sexual violence is a crime that is very heinous, immoral, despicable, and violates norms where the victims are women, both adults and minors. Sexual violence against children has an emotional and physical impact on the victim. Emotionally, children as victims of sexual violence experience stress, depression, mental shock, feelings of guilt and self-blame, fear of relating to others, nightmares, and insomnia. This prompted researchers to conduct research related to the role of family social support on self-acceptance in adolescent victims of sexual violence, with the aim of obtaining an overview of the forms of social support provided by families in the process of self-acceptance to adolescent victims of sexual abuse. This research was conducted using a qualitative method with a case study approach. As for the data collection, researchers used structured interviews through instruments that have been provided by researchers with the aim of knowing the form of support provided by the family. With data sources, namely 3 teenage victims of sexual harassment, 1 mother of a teenage victim of sexual harassment, grandparents of one of the victims of sexual harassment and a cousin of one of the victims of sexual harassment.

A Meta-Analytic Framework for Developing Protocols to Attend Child and Adolescent Victims of Sexual Violence.

Violence against children and adolescents is a global public health problem. In Brazil, there are challenging boundaries for professionals in the protection network in general and for health professionals in particular. Moreover, among other factors, there is the challenge of referral, due to weaknesses in decision making, given the nature of sexual violence and how it is managed by healthcare services. This study aims to propose a Meta-Analytic framework to support the referral of young victims of sexual violence, considering levels of severity, independent of factors such as how protection systems are structured and managed and the local laws in force. We propose a Meta-Analytic approach, developed using the fundamentals of Delphi and DPSIR (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, and Response Model of Intervention), from the perspective of Value-Focused Thinking. The Delphi method was structured in two stages: the first stage aimed to identify and classify typical cases of sexual violence; the second stage used the DPSIR model, with the aim of identifying the decision criteria for typical cases that occur in a given municipality. The main outcomes are: (i) the application of the modified Delphi participatory method within the context of local social policies; (ii) the construction of a value tree based on Value-Focused Thinking; and (iii) the identification and systematization of criteria that most interfere with the evaluation of cases of sexual violence, which can be used for multi-criteria decision making.

STUDI ANALISIS PERAN LANSIA DALAM MENDAMPINGI KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

The elderly group (elderly) will be expected to increase from year to year. One of the government's strategies is to increase the active participation of the elderly population. So do not be surprised if childcare is done by grandparents who are elderly still found in Indonesia. In 2020, there will be a decrease in cases of violence against women. But this decline occurred in the pandemic period that allows complaint services to be online, causing complaints not to occur because the victim chooses to tell the family or choose to be silent.Purpose of Research: to find out the presdisposition factors of the elderly accompanying victims of sexual violence in adolescents in the form of family relationships, attitudes and trigger factorsMethodology: This type of research is done descriptively and uses qualitative analysis.Conclusion: There is no relationship between the elderly and adolescent victims of sexual violence, and emotional bonding with the victim that makes the elderly moved to accompany. Predisposing factors in kinship, education and elderly attitudes will influence the decision to accompany adolescent victims of sexual violence.

Care to female adolescents victims of sexual violence at a referral service in Brazil from 2011 to 2018.

To evaluate the characteristics of aggression, care, and follow-up of sexual violence in adolescent women at a university service in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. In a retrospective cohort study from 2011 to 2018, we assessed sociodemographic characteristics, type and form of sexual violence perpetration, background and perception of the victim about violence, and characteristics of care and social/legal support during follow-up. Of 521 adolescents 242 (46.5%) were aged 10-14years, 354 (68%) had not started sexual life, 465 (89%) perceived the violence and they had low prevalence of alcohol (71, 16%) and other psychoactive substance consumption (25, 6%), and 24 (4.6%) had an intellectual disability. Intimidation through physical force, acute abuse, vaginal penetration, acquaintance aggressor, being approached in a public place, and family/acquaintance residence were the most prevalent characteristics of aggression. In the 2017-2018 biennium, we observed a decrease in the prevalence of adolescents who were students (P<0.001), an increase in the number of acquaintance aggressors (P=0.008), and medical care after 72hours (P<0.033). Adolescents were victims of severe sexual violence. There was a decrease in prophylactic treatments and half of the adolescents did not complete outpatient follow-up. The economic worsening over the last decade may have contributed to these results.

Similarity and Differences in Sexual Violence Against Adolescents and Adult Women: The Need to Focus on Adolescent Victims.

To explore whether there are differences in characteristics, clinical findings and management in cases of sexual violence in adolescent and adult women. Retrospective study. SVSeD-Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. Female victims of sexual violence aged 10years and older. Two study groups were analysed: an adolescent group and an adult group. None; this was an observational study. Characteristics of the perpetrator, time spent between the episode of sexual violence and the access to SVSeD, presence of genital and/or extragenital injuries; tests for sexually transmitted diseases, spermatozoa research; and toxicological screening; RESULTS: Adolescent victims of sexual violence requested help later than the adult victims. The majority of the perpetrators were well known to the victims in both groups. In both groups, we observed genital injuries in 1 of 3 patients. We found a strong association between the presence of genital injuries and a positive screening test for sexually transmitted diseases, in particular with regard to the adolescent victims. Adolescents' delayed disclosure of sexual violence may affect the ability to properly manage these crimes. Prevention programs and public awareness campaigns should be implemented to highlight the importance of a prompt disclosure after sexual assault has occurred. Gynecologists should be made increasingly aware of this delicate issue, to better assist victims of sexual violence, especially adolescent victims.

Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents Taking Place in Schools: An Integrative Review.

Sexual violence against children and adolescents is considered a public health problem of worldwide scope. The objective is to analyze the findings in the literature that address the phenomenon of sexual violence against children and adolescents in the school environment; is an integrative literature review that has as its element-problem of interest children and adolescent victims of sexual violence in schools. The research filters used were: the availability of the text (free full text) and publication date (in the last five years); Initially, 1199 studies were identified, then, after application of filters and the removal of duplicated studies, a total of 175 studies was reached. Subsequently, the selection of articles occurred with the sieve of the titles, resulting in 20 studies. From these, 13 proceeded to the eligibility stage, with three being excluded after a full reading. Therefore, nine studies composed the final sample. One of the factors related to the occurrence of sexual violence against children and adolescents in schools is the absence of educational spaces on the subject, being the main parameter for approaching the outline of identification and prevention strategies, with the insertion of sexual education on the school routine, with the participation of the family.

The Impact of Avoidant/Disengagement Coping and Social Support on the Mental Health of Adolescent Victims of Sexual Violence in Eastern Congo.

IntroductionEastern Congo has been affected by armed conflict for decades while the rampant use of sexual violence has left many women and girls dealing with a wide range of consequences of sexual violence. For adolescent victims the psychosocial impact of sexual violence is devastating. However, the role of avoidant/disengagement coping and family support on the mental health impact of sexual violence remains unclear.MethodsThe study design was a cross-sectional, population-based survey in which 1,305 school-going adolescent girls aged 11 to 23 participated. Mental health symptoms (IES-R and HSCL-37A), family support (MSPSS), avoidant/disengagement (Kidcope), war-related traumatic events (ACEES), experiences of sexual violence, daily stressors, and stigmatization (ACEDSS) were administered through self-report measures. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was carried out with mental health outcomes as dependent variables for different types of sexual violence. Finally, several ANCOVA models were defined to explore possible interaction effects of avoidant/disengagement coping and family support with stigmatization, daily stressors and war-related traumatic exposure.ResultsFor girls who did not report sexual violence, avoidant/disengagement coping has a direct negative effect on all psychological symptoms. For victims of sexual violence, when high levels of stigma were reported, avoidant/disengagement coping possibly served as a protective factor, as shown by the interaction effect between avoidance/disengagement coping and stigmatization on mental health outcomes. In victims of sexual violence however, high levels of daily stressors combined with avoidant/disengagement strategies showed a strong increase in posttraumatic stress symptoms. Interestingly, the mental health impact of sexual violence was not mitigated by support by family members. For girls who reported a nonconsensual sexual experience without labelling it as rape and at the same time testified to have a lot of family support, there was a positive association between stressors (daily stressors, stigma, and war-related trauma) and posttraumatic stress symptoms.ConclusionsThese results of this study underwrite to the importance of looking beyond the straightforward negative impact of avoidant/disengagement coping strategies on mental health in adolescent victims of sexual violence. While avoidant/disengagement coping can have a negative impact on psychosocial well-being on adolescent victims of sexual violence, in case of high levels of stigmatization it can as well protect them from posttraumatic stress or anxiety. Furthermore these findings speak to the importance of exploring the diversified relationship between risk and protective factors, such as avoidant/disengagement coping strategies and family support, that shape the mental health impact of sexual violence in adolescent victims.

PROFESSIONAL QUALITY OF LIFE AND COPING IN A REFERENCE HOSPITAL FOR VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the relationship between professional quality of life scores and coping strategies in the multidisciplinary health team that assists children and adolescents victims of sexual violence. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out in a public hospital of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Data collection took place from July to October 2018, using the Professional Quality of Life Scale and the Inventory of Coping Responses at Work. The analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. Regression was used for independent variables with p ≤ 0.05 in the bivariate analyses. Results: the professionals showed a medium level in the compassion satisfaction dimension (54.2%), medium level for secondary traumatic stress (50.8%), and medium level for Burnout (61%). Regarding the coping strategies, the decision-making strategy showed a weak correlation with the compassion satisfaction dimension (0.261), and the emotional extravasation strategy showed a moderate correlation with secondary traumatic stress (0.485) and Burnout (0.399). The female gender was associated with secondary traumatic stress (p=0.002). Conclusion: the identification of coping strategies such as decision-making can help the professionals to increase the levels of compassion satisfaction. In situations of suffering in daily work, management to avoid emotional extravasation should take place, preventing high levels of compassion fatigue. Such information is important to support public policies on occupational health, as well as programs to promote occupational health.

Fatores de risco associados à exposição de adolescentes à violência sexual

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas sobre os fatores de risco associados à exposição de adolescentes à violência sexual.Síntese de conteúdo: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em quatro bases de dados e duas bibliotecas virtuais, sem limites do ano de publicação, utilizando-seos descritores: “delitos sexuais”, “adolescentes” e “fatores de risco”. Utilizou-se, também, a palavra-chave “violência sexual” e equivalentes, no idioma inglês. Na análise dos 22 artigos incluídos, os fatores associados à exposição dos adolescentes à violência sexual foram classificados em “abuso sexual” e “exploração sexual”. O consumo de álcool e/ou drogas foi o fator mais evidente, seguido do sexo casual, dabaixa escolaridade, da baixa renda, da violência familiar, dos relacionamentos em ambientes virtuais, da estigmatização do trabalho sexual e falta de moradia.Conclusão: os fatores apresentados devem ser considerados pela enfermagem para o reconhecimento de adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual, além de contribuir na prevenção de novos casos e na minimização dos efeitos que tal ato pode causar na vida desse público.

Dinamika Psikososial Remaja Korban Kekerasan Seksual

Merujuk pada judul penelitian lebih ditekankan pada kekerasan seksual kategori perkosaan, dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (1988) merupakan perbuatan pelanggaran dengan kekerasan.Perbuatan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan paksaan, ancaman, suap, tipuan bahkan tekanan (Noviana, 2015).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna informatif yang terkandung dalam pikiran dan benak remaja yang mengalami kekerasan seksual.Metode yang dipakai kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi persepsi Ponty menitikberatkan pada wawancara tidak terstruktur dengan subjek penelitian adalah remaja korban kekerasan seksual. Data yang diperoleh melalui wawancara ataupun observasi akan berupa kata-kata, perilaku ataupun dokumentasi yang kesemuanya bersifat informantif dari pemahaman masing-masing individu korban kekerasan seksual sebagaimana pengalaman hidupnya dan bagaimana individu memberikan makna pada kejadian tersebut.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemaknaan tubuh yang berbeda pada korban dengan latar belakang keluarga (nuclear family) berbeda. Refleksi dari Ponty tentang pemaknaan tubuh antara teori dan temuan, signifikan. Sebelum peristiwa kekerasan seksual terjadi semua korban menganggap bahwa tubuh mereka sangat penting dan harus dijaga. Setelah peristiwa kekerasan seksual dengan proses berbeda maka masing-masing korban dalam memaknai tubuhnya mengalami perbedaan.

Management of DNA evidence collected on adolescents in sexual assault investigations: A 10-year review from a large Italian rape centre.

Little research is available on the actual forensic use of genetic analyses performed in sexual violence cases, despite their relevant role in legal processes. The present retrospective study aimed to contribute to filling this gap in research, evaluating the actual number of serological/DNA analyses that followed medical examination of female adolescent victims of sexual violence. The study was performed in a large rape centre in Milan (North Italy) by analysing all medical records of female victims of sexual violence aged 13–19 years in the period from January 2006 to December 2015. The total number of sexual assault victims examined aged 13–19 years was 599. In 473 of the cases, biological evidence had been collected. The gathering of biological evidence was accurately performed (double swab technique) in multiple anatomical regions on the victims’ bodies, and clothes were acquired when biological stains were present or could be present. Proper handling under chain of custody for all the items collected followed in every case. Despite all of this, serological/DNA analyses were requested in only 9/473 (1.9%) cases. Procedural issues possibly affecting the magistrates’ decisions not to use DNA extensively as an investigative tool are also discussed.

Treatments for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence: are they effective?

Abstract Sexual violence among children and adolescents can have detrimental consequences. This article presents a brief overview of the current international knowledge base on the effectiveness of treatment programs for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence. Overall, treatment programs show moderate to large beneficial effects on victims’ well-being. Treatments that have a longer duration and shorter sessions are more effective than other treatments. Some of the challenges include that few victims receive treatment and that a considerable number of prior studies does not meet the standards for thorough effectiveness research.

Konseling Kelompok untuk Menurunkan Depresi Pada Remaja Introvert Korban Kekerasan Seksual

Depression in adolescent victims of sexual violence needs to get proper attention and handling. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of group counseling in reducing depression in adolescent victims of sexual violence. The data collection tools used are depression scale and introvert personality type scale. The subjects of this study were 5 (five) introverted adolescents who had experienced sexual violence and had received psychosocial assistance from Yayasan Hotline Surabaya and Yayasan Embun Surabaya Foundation. The research design used is One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The analytical method used was nonparametric wilxocon test and correlation test using spearman. The results showed effective group therapy in reducing depression in introverted adolescents with significance p = 0.043 (p &lt;0.05). Keywords: Group Counseling, Depression, Sexual ViolenceAbstrakDepresi pada remaja introvert korban kekerasan seksual perlu mendapatkan perhatian dan penanganan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas konseling kelompok dalam menurunkan depresi pada remaja introvert korban kekerasan seksual. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala depresi dan skala tipe kepribadian introvert. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 5 (lima) orang remaja introvert yang telah mengalami kekerasan seksual dan telah mendapatkan pendampingan psikososial dari Yayasan Hotline Surabaya dan Yayasan Embun Surabaya. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah uji data non-parametrik wilxocon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terapi kelompok efektif dalam menurunkan depresi pada remaja introvert dengan signifikansi p=0.043 (p&lt;0.05). Kata kunci: Konseling Kelompok, Depresi, Kekerasan SeksualÂ

Sexual Violence Against Adolescent Girls: Labeling It to Avoid Normalization.

Violence against women is a pervasive complex phenomenon that destroys women's feelings of love, trust, and self-esteem. In this commentary, we specifically focus on sexual violence against adolescent girls, whose impact is particularly harmful since it may lead to impaired mental health, social functioning, and neurodevelopment. Between 12% and 25% of adolescent girls throughout the world experience sexual violence, very often perpetrated by a family member or a friend. Moreover, for an alarming proportion of girls, the first sexual experience is coerced. In this article, we review the multiple negative effects of sexual violence against adolescent girls. We also report data derived from our practice in a public Italian referral Centre for Sexual and Domestic Violence (SVSeD) and address the importance of a multidisciplinary clinical approach with adolescent victims of sexual violence.

Resilience processes within the school context of adolescents with sexual violence history

Abstract: This study examines the school context of adolescents with a sexual violence history, highlighting their perceptions of protective and vulnerability mechanisms within a social ecological resilience framework. The study was conducted in a youth service agency located in a mid-sized city in the inner of Sao Paulo state. Initially, 31 male and female adolescents victims of sexual violence, aged 12-18, answered survey items assessing resilience processes. Based on their responses, a subgroup of seven adolescents was selected to participate in individual semi-structured interviews addressing the role of school in their lives. Five key themes were identified in the data, with two overarching categories emerging: ‘evaluation of school structure’ and ‘formative processes through diversity and difference’. Exploration of interview excerpts within these categories revealed that schools occupy an ambivalent space in terms of risk and protective factors in the participants’ lives, with predominately negative social indicators emerging.

Psicoterapia para Crianças e Adolescentes Vítimas de Violência Sexual no Sistema Público: Panorama e Alternativas de Atendimento

O objetivo deste ensaio é abordar a questão da garantia de acesso ao tratamento psicoterápico de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual pelo sistema público, tendo em vista que o desenvolvimento de psicopatologias em curto e em longo prazo está associado à experiência de violência sexual. As principais leis e diretrizes sobre a organização dos serviços públicos de assistência social e de saúde para vítimas de violência sexual foram revisadas, bem como estudos sobre os encaminhamentos adotados nesses casos. Constatou-se que o serviço público de assistência deve oferecer atendimento psicossocial, enquanto o serviço público de saúde deve oferecer psicoterapia. No entanto, os estudos sobre encaminhamentos de casos de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes indicam baixos índices de encaminhamento para serviços que oferecem psicoterapia. Tal panorama é discutido a partir das diretrizes quanto ao público atendido pelo serviço público de saúde no que tange à saúde mental, bem como a partir da quantidade desses serviços em nosso país. Alternativas para a garantia de acesso ao tratamento psicoterápico de crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual pelo sistema público de saúde são discutidas.

The mediating role of stigmatization in the mental health of adolescent victims of sexual violence in Eastern Congo

This study aims to explore the factors that explain the mental sequelae of war-related sexual violence and focuses in particular on the role of stigmatization. Drawing on a large-scale quantitative survey undertaken in the war-affected region of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, we analyze how stigmatization mediates the mental health impact of sexual violence on adolescent girls who were victims of rape. Twenty-two secondary schools were randomly selected out of a stratified sample in Bunia, Eastern Congo. In a cross-sectional, population-based survey, 1,305 school-going adolescent girls aged 11–23 completed self-report measures assessing war-related traumatic events, experiences of sexual violence, stigmatization, and mental health symptoms. Of the 1,305 participants, 38.2% (n=499) reported experiences of sexual violence. Victims of sexual violence reported more war-related traumatic events and more stigmatization experiences. Several hierarchical regression analyses examined the mediating impact of stigmatization on the relationship between sexual violence and mental health outcomes, thereby controlling for sociodemographics (age, parental availability, and socioeconomic status) and war-related traumatic exposure. Our findings show that this stigmatization largely explains the mental health impact of sexual violence, in particular, on adolescent girls’ reported symptoms of depression (full mediation) and posttraumatic stress (avoidance and total PTSD: full mediation; hyperarousal: partial (40%) mediation). No evidence of mediation by stigmatization was found for symptoms of anxiety and intrusion. Stigmatization plays thus an important role in shaping the mental sequelae of sexual violence, a finding with major consequences for clinical practice.

Sexual violence against children and vulnerability.

To analyze the demographic and epidemiological profile of children and adolescents victims of sexual violence treated in a Unit of Forensic Medicine and the relationship between victims and perpetrators. A descriptive study, with data collection from information gathered from sex abuse reports performed in 2009 on victims of sexual violence aged less than 18 years. The data collection tool was a form filled out with demographic information about the victim - gender and age - and information regarding the sexual violence -, location of the occurrence, time elapsed between abuse and expert report, complaints reported, sexological examination findings, description of lesions outside the genital region, and aggressor's relationship to victim. In 2009, 421 individuals victim of sexual violence were assisted. Of those, 379 (90%) were younger than 18 years, and 66 cases were excluded from these reports. Most were female (81.2%). The most affected age group was 10 to 13 years old (36.7%), followed by 5 to 9 year-olds (30.7%). In most cases (86.3%), there were family or friendship ties between victims and perpetrators, being most frequently accused an acquaintance or friend of the family (42.3%), followed by the stepfather (16.6%) and the father (10.9%). The results are similar to other studies conducted in the country. This work aims at filling a gap caused by the lack of research on this topic in the State, hoping to collaborate to improve public policies against child sexual abuse.