Adolescent Trust Research Articles

Adolescent trust and primary care: Help-seeking for emotional and psychological difficulties

Although a quarter of adolescents are likely to experience emotional and psychological difficulties, only a third of them will seek professional help. In this exploratory study we undertook focus groups with 54 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16 in eight post-primary schools in Northern Ireland. Young people do not trust their GPs, perceiving them as strangers, impersonal and uncaring. The basis of distrust is different among males and females. The findings are discussed in light of adolescents’ developmental challenges of identity formation and the consequent demand to be respected and taken seriously by adults.

How does attachment style influence the brand attachment – brand trust and brand loyalty chain in adolescents?

This study contributes to the growing body of literature investigating how and why consumers form connections to brands by applying an attachment theoretical framework. According to the attachment theory, children develop internal working models of the reliability of others in the interaction with the primary caregiver(s). It can be assumed that this attachment style, which is conceptualized along two dimensions (secure–anxious and dependent–independent), not only influences intimate relationships in the long run, but may also play an important role in customer relationships. The author investigates the influence of attachment style along the brand attachment – brand trust and brand loyalty chain. The sample consists of 216 adolescents. The results derived from structural equation modeling (SEM) by proposing a non-recursive model show that the dependent–independent dimension of parental attachment style positively influences the corresponding dimension of brand attachment predisposition and is important for all of the constructs along the brand attachment – brand trust and brand loyalty chain. However, this is not the case with the secure–anxious dimension of parental attachment style. The secure–anxious dimension of brand attachment predisposition does, on the other hand, have a significant impact at least on brand trust. The results are discussed from an attachment theoretical point of view and corroborate the suppositions of Rindfleisch, Burroughs, and Wong (2009), who grounded their findings on terror management theory. Several possible implications of these results for the theory and practice of brand management and advertising, especially in the light of the gamification of advertising, are discussed.

Teachers’ beliefs about the development of teacher–adolescent trust

In this study, we examined teachers’ beliefs concerning the meaning and nature of teacher–student trust in a diverse sample of secondary-school teachers (n = 34). Using a grounded-theory approach, a process model of teacher–adolescent trust emerged based on semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Antecedents of trust could be categorised as a function of student ecology (e.g. home environment) and teacher and student actions, including: demonstrating care, being consistent and reliable, making personal connections and engaging in helpful behaviour. Other teacher actions included drawing upon personal resources such as efficacy, social roles and available instructional approaches. Unique student actions highlighted the importance that teachers place on compliance with social norms and honest, responsible behaviour. Perceived benefits of trust reflected changes in: classroom climate, quality of social interactions, available teaching methods and positive student behaviours. Finally, teachers discussed ways in which trust evolved over time. Model processes and new hypotheses generated by the model are discussed in the light of current literature on adult–child relationships and trust in schools.

Trust and mindreading in adolescents: the moderating role of social value orientation.

In adolescence, aspects of cognition that are required to deal with complex cooperation situations, such as mentalising and social value orientation, are still in development. In the Trust Game, cooperation may lead to better outcomes for both players, but can also lead to exploitation by the trustee. In the present study, we explore how mindreading, a crucial aspect of mentalising, and social value orientation (whether someone is prosocial or proself) are related to trust. In a group of 217 students (51% girls, Mage = 15.1) social value orientation, mindreading and trust (using the Trust Game) were measured. The result show that social value orientation moderates the relation between mindreading and trust. In the group of prosocials, we find no correlation between mindreading and trust. In the group of proselfs, mindreading is negatively correlated to trust, indicating that proselfs use their mentalising skills to assess that the trustee is likely to exploit them.

Trust in adolescents: Specific trust, general trust, public trust

Trust in adolescents: Specific trust, general trust, public trust

Adolescent trust and trustworthiness: Role of gender and social value orientation

Trusting others is an essential feature of adolescent development. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in trusting behavior using an experimental game and relate these to the underlying social preferences. 206 adolescents (Mage = 15.1 years, 51% girls) performed a series of one-shot Trust Games to measure their levels of trust and trustworthiness. Social value orientation, or the preference to maximize one's own outcomes (proself) or both the outcomes of self and other (prosocial) was assessed using the Triple Dominance Measure. Boys were more trusting than girls, but no gender differences on trustworthiness were found. Prosocials were more trusting and trustworthy than proselfs. In addition, gender and social value orientation were independent predictors of trust (but not trustworthiness). These findings show that the higher levels of trust in boys are not the result of a gender difference in prosocial orientation.

Antecedents of political trust in adolescence: Cognitive abilities and perceptions of parents

This study examined the predictors of political trust in late adolescence. Three waves of longitudinal data (ages 11, 15, and 17) from 1116 Czech adolescents (346 participated at least in the first and last wave) were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that high verbal cognitive ability in early adolescence predicted greater political trust in late adolescence. This effect was explained by adolescents' greater cognitive political engagements, but not by their more positive relationships with authorities (e.g., school or parents) during adolescence. Next, early adolescents who perceived more parental warmth demonstrated greater political trust when they reached late adolescence. These results suggest that some young people might enter adulthood more skeptical regarding politics based on their abilities and early nonpolitical experiences.

Developmental trajectories of cortical–subcortical interactions underlying the evaluation of trust in adolescence

Social decision making is guided by the ability to intuitively judge personal attributes, including analysis of facial features to infer the trustworthiness of others. Although the neural basis for trustworthiness evaluation is well characterized in adults, less is known about its development during adolescence. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine age-related changes in neural activation and functional connectivity during the evaluation of trust in faces in a sample of adolescent females. During scanning, participants viewed masked presentations of faces and rated their trustworthiness. Parametric modeling of trust ratings revealed enhanced activation in amygdala and insula to untrustworthy faces, effects which peaked during mid-adolescence. Analysis of amygdala functional connectivity demonstrated enhanced amygdala-insula coupling during the evaluation of untrustworthy faces. This boost in connectivity was attenuated during mid-adolescence, suggesting a functional transition within face-processing circuits. Together, these findings underscore adolescence as a period of reorganization in neural circuits underlying socioemotional behavior.

Trust and social reciprocity in adolescence – A matter of perspective-taking

Changes in social behaviour from childhood to adulthood have been suggested to be driven by an increased sensitivity to others' perspectives. Yet, the link between perspective-taking and social processes, such as trust and reciprocity, has rarely been investigated during adolescence. Using two trust games with a cooperative and an unfair counterpart and an online perspective-taking task with 50 adolescents, we show that those with a higher perspective-taking tendency demonstrate greater trust towards others and higher levels of trust during cooperative interactions. Both low and high perspective-takers adapted their levels of trust in response to unfair behaviour. However, high perspective-takers reduced their trust more drastically and showed more malevolent and less benevolent tit-for-tat when they were treated unfairly by their counterpart. The findings suggest that a higher perspective-taking tendency in adolescence is associated with specific mechanisms of trust and reciprocity, as opposed to undifferentiated increases in positive social behaviour towards others.

An online adolescent message board discussion about the internet

Health-care systems seek to advance their care to adolescents through the online provision of information and support. An online, moderated, asynchronous discussion board called Let's Chat Pain was created to recruit adolescent users of online content for pain to a discussion about pain coping and associated Internet use. Participants were asked about everyday pain coping and the role they judge online information to play in this coping. They were asked about determinations of website reliability and validity for health but especially for help with pain problems. Themes around adolescent trust in online websites for pain and research are explored, in addition to inhibiting and disinhibiting factors associated with the Internet use for health. We found users to mistrust online content even when they know it to be valid. Further study is needed to assess if there are ways of instilling confidence in pain information presented online for this group.

Social influence, health variables and criminal behaviours associated with substance use among rural Norwegian adolescents

Aims: To investigate social influence, health, criminality and substance use in a sample of 1288 Norwegian rural adolescents. Relations between these factors and substance use were examined.Methods: Data were obtained from the ‘UngData’ study. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among adolescents (n = 740) in nine secondary schools and among 548 adolescents in three high schools across two counties. The response rate was 63%.Findings: Deviant behaviours had higher social status among males and adolescents in high school. The social status of deviant behaviours and participation in criminal activities were associated with alcohol and illicit substance use. Parent–adolescent trust was positively associated with alcohol use and parent involvement with friends was similarly related to illicit substance use. The social status of physical appearance and talent in sports were negatively associated with alcohol use.Conclusions: Early intervention could promote the social status of healthy activities and reduce the status of deviant behaviours. The transition between secondary school and high school may constitute a risk period for establishing problem behaviours and interventions should target this period. Research should test whether substance availability relates to differences in substance use in rural and urban settlements.

Maternity and mental health services working collaboratively for women

Through the collaboration and partnership working of key professionals within maternity services, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), health visiting, GP services and Oxford Primary Care Trust (PCT), an innovative new service has been established which addresses the needs of women with mild to moderate mental health problems in pregnancy and the perinatal period—the Infant Parent Perinatal Service (IPPS). The partnership model of working has created firm pathways across service providers and has resulted in a forum for ongoing opportunity and creativity which continues to seek and develop new ways of improving mental health care for vulnerable women in pregnancy and the perinatal period. It is now well recognized that not only the physical but also the mental and emotional health of a woman while pregnant and in her infant’s early years will have a lifelong effect ( Department of Health, 2011 : 10). The IPPS project has been recognized nationally, receiving second place in the 2009 British Journal of Midwifery awards for ‘team of the year’ and a highly commended second place in the Royal College of Midwives 2010 awards for excellence in partnership working.

Ansiedade e depressão na adolescência

Anxiety and depressive disorders occur commonly in adolescents. They are a significant cause of familiar, school and social dysfunction and distress. As general practitioner (GP) follows patients through developmental stages, he is well positioned to assess, treat and refer these patients. The family and the adolescent trust in the GP who allow him to monitor evolution and prevent risk situations with parents engagement

Development of trust and reciprocity in adolescence

We investigate the development of two types of prosocial behavior, trust and reciprocity, as defined using a game-theoretical task that allows investigation of real-time social interaction, among 4 age groups from 9 to 25 years. By manipulating the possible outcome alternatives, we could distinguish among important determinants of trust and reciprocity that are related to the risk and benefit of trusting. The results demonstrate age-related changes in sensitivity to outcome for others from late childhood until late adolescence, with different developmental trajectories for trust and reciprocity and differential sensitivity to risk and benefit for self and others.

Antisocial Experience in School, Self-directedness, and Family Trust in Childhood and Early Adolescence

Antisocial Experience in School, Self-directedness, and Family Trust in Childhood and Early Adolescence

The Relationship between Sense of Basic Trust and Time Perspective in Adolescence.

The Relationship between Sense of Basic Trust and Time Perspective in Adolescence.

Loneliness and Interpersonal Trust

Three studies were undertaken to investigate the relation between loneliness ant interpersonal trust. Study 1 revealed that college students' loneliness was negatively correlated with trust beliefs on Rotter's Interpersonal Trust scale. Also, students who scored low on loneliness displayed an increase in trusting behavior across reciprocated trials in a Prisoner's Dilemma game whereas students scoring high in loneliness did not display a similar increase in trusting behavior. Study 2 revealed that students' loneliness was negatively correlated with their: (a) emotional trust and reliability trust in close peers; (b) belief that they were trusted, in terms of disclosure receptivity and social responsibility, by their close peers; and (c) ratings of the trusting and quality of relationships with close peers

Beauty Is the Word

SPECIAL FEATURE: TENNESSEE WILLIAMS Tennessee Williams wrote these plays when he was a student at the University of Missouri—Columbia, 1929-31. He hadn't taken on the name "Tennessee" yet; he was trying out variations on his given name— Thomas Lanier, Thomas L., T. L. They are not goodplays by any literary standard. They didn 't win anyprizes in the student one-act contest for which Williams wrote them, although they did receive the kind dismissal ofhonorable mention. In Hot Milk at Three in the Morning, the characters are crude, unsympathetic; the young playwright still had to learn that there was more to making a character tormented than writing "tormented"in the stage directions. In her memoirs, Remember Me to Tom, Williams'mother Edwina quotes a campus newpaper's apt comments on Beauty Is the Word: "the handling is too didactic, and the dialogue often too moralistic. " Then of what value are they? Gore Vidal remarked of Williams in 1976, "Tennessee is the sort of writer who does not develop; he simply continues. By the time he was an adolescent he had his themes. " These very early plays support that opinion by displaying themes that reappear throughout his work. Williams had read enthusiastically a life of Shelley in 1928, and Shelleyan romantic enthusiasm permeates Beauty Is the Word, The free-thinking niece, whose dancing achieves the abstract ideal of Beauty, tames the rebellious islanders and converts her Puritanical relatives, joining them all in a joyous worship of this new God. One may smile at Williams'adolescent trust in the curingpower ofart; but at the same time, one sees here the conflicts that will recur in his later plays: sexual repression against sexual expression, artificial religion against natural religion, art against conventionality. In addition, Williams'later fondness for exotic settings is foreshadowed. Hot Milk at Three in the Morning, which was later expanded into Moony's Kid Don't Cry (another early play), has none of the naive exuberance of Beauty. A groaning naturalism replaces the Pacific pastoral; there's a strong suggestion of the early O'Neill in this story of urban frustration. Also traceable are the delineations of The Glass Menagerie a dozen years ahead: the fire escape, the falsely cheerful slogans of the home, the restless worker trapped in a city tenement and oppressed by the duties of the family. As with Glass Menagerie, the setting is drawn from Williams' adolescent years in St. Louis, although in this play he generalizes it to "some large Eastern city. " Williams was a student at Missouri for two fullyears, financedpartly by his grandmother and partly by his father. Beauty is a product of his freshman year, 1929-30; Hot Milk was entered in the play competition of his junior year, 1931-32. It was a year Williams never completed: he failed his ROTC course andhis fatherput him to work in a shoe warehouse in St. Louis. Copies of the plays were filed away with the rest of the contest entries and forgotten. They didn't emerge again until 1969, when Williams was awarded an honorary doctorate by the university. Theatre professor Donovan Rhynsburger , who as a young faculty member had taught Williams, retrieved the plays for the event; a shaky autograph "Thomas Lanier Williams"now crosses the title page of each. Subsequently the plays were placed in the special materials room of the university's Ellis Library; other copies made their way, along with most of Williams'manuscripts and memorabilia, to the University of Texas Humanities Research Center in Austin. Williams' bibliography lists no otherpublic holdings; andas far as we can determine, neitherplay was ever published. BEAUTY IS THE WORD / Tennessee Williams SCENE: The living-room of a missionary's dwelling, upon an island in the southern Pacific Ocean. The room is strongly suggestive of the parlor of a home in a small New England town, during the latter part of the nineteenth century. Its furnishings are prim, dull, old-fashioned. In the center of the room is a heavy oaken table, upon which rest a large lamp, a sewing basket, spools of thread, a number of neatly piled books. Against one wall of the room is a book-case...

Political Cynicism: Measurement and Meaning

Political Cynicism: Measurement and Meaning