Adolescent Smoking Behavior Research Articles

The Smoking Behavior of Adolescents and Impact to the Psychological Health

The Smoking Behavior of Adolescents and Impact to the Psychological Health

Depiction of Adolescents Smoking Behaviour in Urban and Suburban

Smoking is a fatal issue that has not yet been resolved and spread even among adolescents particularly in Indonesia. This study aim to depict the adolescents smoking behavior in SMPN three Medan or urban areas and MTS Amin Darussalam Deli Serdang or suburban areas. This cross sectional study conducted on October. Data were collected using questionnaires toward students from both school. Results shows majority respondent in urban have good knowledge, negative attitude toward cigarette and non-smokers but interested in smoking, majority of former smokers in urban firstly tried smoking during sixth grade elementary because of peer influence, smoking occasionally, ever smoked one to five cigarettes per day, quit smoking because of self-awareness and still have interest in smoking. Furthermore, majority respondent in suburban have bad bad knowledge, negative attitude toward cigarette, smoker, firstly tried smoking during sixth grade elementry because of peer influence, smoking occasionally, ever smoked one to five cigarettes per day and have no intention to quit smoking, majority of former smokers quit smoking because of caught by parent or teacher and still have interest in smoking. In conclusion, there is difference of smoking behavior between urban and suburban, the depiction of smoking behavior in suburban is worse than in urban because it has higher number of smokers, poorly dominant of knowledge and have no intention to quit smoking.

Relationship of Family Environment, Psychological Resilience, Campus Bullying with Tobacco Use among Preadolescents

Objective. To explore the relationship between family environment, psychological resilience, campus bullying and tobacco use in early adolescence. Methods. According to the principle of cluster sampling, 4,792 students from grade 4 to grade 6 in five primary schools in Baise City and county were selected from February to November 2018, including 2,522 males (52.63%), 2,236 females (46.66%)and 34 missing genders (0.71%); the average age was (11.8 ± 0.5) years; 2,721 students in urban areas (56.78%) and 2,071 students in county towns (43.22%); 4,313 Zhuang (90.00%), 365 Han (7.62%), 98 other ethnic groups (Yao, Miao, Yi, etc.) (2.05%). The General Family Environment Questionnaire, Adolescent Mental Resilience Scale, School Bullying Questionnaire, and Tobacco Use Questionnaire were used for evaluation, and logistic regression was used to analyze the effect relationship between the study variables. Results. 467 people tried to smoke, and the total detection rate was 9.75%. The number of smokers was 334, and the total detection rate was 6.97%. Boys’ tobacco attempt and smoking behavior were higher than girls (χ2 were 57.230 and 56.013, P < 0. 001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of tobacco attempt of boys was 2.37 times thanthat of girls (OR = 0.468, 95% CI 0.377 ~ 0.582), the risk of smoking in boys is 2.5 times that in girls 32 times (OR = 0.422, 95% CI 0.324 ~ 0.551); older adolescents had more tobacco attempts (OR = 1.609, 95% CI 1.446 ~ 1.791)and smoking behavior (OR = 2.026, 95% CI 1.776 ~ 2.310); campus bullying increased the risk of smoking behavior among adolescents (OR = 1.106, 95% CI 1.073 ~ 1.140). Psychological resilience (personal strength), family intimacy and family rules can effectively reduce the risk of adolescent tobacco attempts (personal strength, OR = 0.964, 95% CI = 0.951 ~ 0.976; family intimacy, OR = 0.946, 95% CI 0.892 ~ 0.984; family rules, OR = 0.949, 95% CI 0.930 ~ 0.965) and smoking behavior (personal strength, OR = 0.962, 95% CI 0.947 ~ 0.977; family intimacy, OR = 0.937, 95% CI 0.885 ~ 0.992; family rules, OR = 0.952, 95% CI 0.932 ~ 0.973). Conclusion. Campus bullying increases the risk of smoking behavior among adolescents. Psychological resilience (personal strength), family intimacy and family rules can effectively reduce teenagers’ tobacco attempts and smoking behavior.

The Smoking Behavior of Adolescents and Impact to the Psychological Health

Smoking behavior mostly occur in adolescence which is characterized by increased frequency and intensity of smoking. Smoking can cause various diseases and deaths. There are internal factors and external factors that influence smoking behavior. The study aims to determine the influence of adults, peers, advertisements, and curiosity motive and the psychological impact on adolescents in Tinggede Village, Sigi Regency. This study uses a mix method research type. The sample size and informants involved were 46 respondents and 6 informants. Quantitative research data were analyzed univariat using the chi-square test. The results showed there was a relationship between the influence of parents (? = 0.039), peers (? = 0.039) and curiosity motive (? = 0.018) with adolescent smoking behavior and there was no relationship between advertisement and adolescent smoking behavior (? = 0.238). As well as the perceived psychological impact of informants feeling more confident, feeling calm and feeling fine. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the influence of adults and peers, and motive of curiosity with adolescent smoking behavior and there is no relationship between advertisement and the smoking behavior and psychological impact on adolescents in Tinggede Village, Marawola District, Sigi Regency. It is recommended for adolescents to be able to be selective in facing the influence of adults, peers and positive or negative advertisements in everyday life.

Adolescent smoking behaviour determinants in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Background: The increasing number of smokers has an impact on increasing the number of deaths due to smoking-related illnesses. Teenagers are the easiest targets for cigarette marketing, including in the city of Yogyakarta, whose numbers continue to increase. The proper investigation needs to be carried out to determine the determinants that play a role in developing effective interventions to reduce the number of teenage smokers. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of smoking in adolescents in The City of Yogyakarta.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with senior high school/vocational students’ samples. The sampling technique uses multistage random cluster sampling with Chi-Square analysis.Results: Researchers collected 481 respondents. Variables significantly associated with smoking behavior of senior high school/vocational high school students in Yogyakarta City are knowledge, attitude, self-confidence, family’s role, and peer’s role, while the unrelated variables are teacher’s role and information sources. The RP value of these variables is more than 1, which shows the seven variables are risk factors for adolescent smoking behavior.Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, self-confidence, the role of family, the role of peers and the smoking behavior of adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The role of the teacher and the source of information has no significant relationship with the smoking behavior of adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The intervention program for reducing and preventing smoking must pay attention to these variables as a determining factor.

Determinan Tingkatan Perilaku Merokok Remaja Kota Kupang

Rokok adalah penyebab utama kematian dengan 80% penggunanya berusia di bawah usia 18 tahun di seluruh dunia. Apabila trend ini terus berlanjut maka diperkirakan lima juta anak usia di bawah 18 tahun yang hidup hari ini akan meninggal sebelum menjadi dewasa karena mereka mulai merokok sejak usia remaja. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji dampak karakteristik sosiodemografi dan faktor sosial terhadap tingkatan perilaku merokok remaja. Sampelnya adalah remaja usia 12-21 yang dipilih secara random pada satu (1) sekolah SMP, satu (1) sekolah SMA dan satu (1) pasar di Kota Kupang yang kemudian diuji menggunakan Regresi Logistic Ordinal dan Odds Ratio dengan pendekatan Teori Kognitig Sosial.
 Hasil penelitan menunjukan bahwa variabel karakteristik sosiodemografi melalui pendapatan dan gender pada tingkat signifikansi <0.05 berpengaruh terhadap perilaku merokok remaja, sedangkan prediktor usia tidak berpengaruh dengan nilai signifikansi 0.66>0.05 dengan peluang menjadi perokok regular/intermittent/experiment smoker (0.59x, 0.96x, 2x; 0.117x, 0.952x, 1.381x; 9.188x, 2.266x, 4.165x). Variabel faktor sosial melalui peer smoker dan paternal smoker berpengaruh terhadap perilaku merokok remaja pada level signifikasi 0.038 dan 0.000<0.05 dan berpeluang menjadi perokok regular/intermittent/experiment smoker (0.160x, 1.282x, 1.538x; 0.052x, 1.088x, 2x).

Maternal characteristics in childhood and smoking at age of 15: Findings from the Czech Republic

Abstract Objective Maternal employment has been shown to influence child’s health, cognitive and behavioural outcomes. There is only a limited number of studies in Central Europe investigating the impact of parental employment on the uptake of smoking in children. The aim of this work is to look at the influence of maternal employment over the whole period of childhood of their children, and other maternal social and behavioural characteristics on the uptake of smoking among children aged 15 in the Czech part of European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC). Methods There were 971 individuals with complete data on smoking behaviour at age of 15, pattern of maternal employment between child ages 3 and 15, and other covariates including gender, maternal age, maternal education and marital status, household income, and maternal smoking. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between maternal employment and smoking in their children. Results 37% of adolescents aged 15 years reported trying cigarette more than once. Preliminary results suggest that those whose mothers were in paid work were more likely to be smoking at age 15. When stratified by maternal education, the association between maternal employment and smoking was particularly strong among university educated mothers. Those whose mothers were never employed were 4-times more likely to smoke than those whose mothers were continuously employed between ages 3 and 15. The association between maternal employment and smoking was weaker in other strata of maternal education. Conclusions Although maternal employment might have only a limited role in development of smoking behaviour of young adolescents, the association between maternal employment during childhood and young adolescents’ smoking does exist and is particularly strong among those with university educated mothers. Key messages More than one third of Czech adolescents self-reported repeated attempt to smoke cigarettes or cigars or pipe at the beginning of new Millennium. Data suggest that adolescents whose mothers had not been employed were more likely to smoke than those of employed mothers.

Adolescent smoking behavior and communication with parents: Depression as a mediator and gender as a moderator

Parent–adolescent communication is assumed to be an important factor affecting adolescent smoking behavior. However, the inner mechanism accounting for this association has still not been clarified in research. Our purpose in this study was to examine the relationships between parent–adolescent communication, adolescent smoking behavior, and depression, as well as gender differences in the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Participants were 1,134 students at 6 junior high schools in China who completed the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Smoking Behavior Test. Results showed that parent-adolescent communication had a significant negative effect on adolescent smoking behavior and depression partially mediated the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior. In addition, gender moderated the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Overall, these findings may help to promote better understanding of the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior.

Parents modelling, peer influence and peer selection impact on adolescent smoking behavior: A longitudinal study in two age cohorts

Understanding the key factors that influence smoking behavior, especially during adolescence, has a meaningful impact on public health. This study examined the impact of parent modelling, peer influence and peer selection on adolescent smoking behavior in two Portuguese cohorts followed for three years.A questionnaire was delivered in classes and schools randomly selected, three times, one per year (cohort1: time1-7th, time2-8th, time3-9th; cohort2: time1-10th, time2-11th, time3-12th graders).The sample included a total of 656 students (402 younger [time1 Mage = 13.17, SD = 0.53, 63.7% girls;] and 254 older [time 1 Mage = 16.20, SD = 0.53, 65% girls]).Longitudinal data were examined through an autoregressive cross-lagged model (ARCL). The model explained 35% of the variance in smoking behavior at T3 for the global sample (4% for the younger and 58% for the older).Over time, in both cohorts, the percentage of never smokers decreased sharply and the percentage of regular smokers increased rapidly. We observed that participants in the older cohort had higher chances of smoking if their parents smoked. Nevertheless, we did not find a parental modelling effect in the longitudinal model. Peer influence and peer selection influenced smoking behavior. However, peer selection influenced the youngest group, both processes influenced the middle age group, and only peer influence influenced the oldest. Best friend and friends had a stronger impact on the younger while friends and same grade students had a stronger impact on the older. Prevention programs should regard these differences of interpersonal influences through adolescent development and specific strategies for different age groups should be considered.

Smoking in Adolescence in England and Germany, 2001 - 2016

To describe the smoking behavior of adolescents from England and Germany over a period of 15 years. Eleven repeated cross-sectional surveys involving a total of 107,485 persons aged 11 to 15 years were carried out between 2001 and 2016 in England and Germany. The following data were assessed: a) the relative proportion of young people who ever smoked a conventional tobacco product, and b) the relative proportion of adolescents, who were current smokers, i. e. teenagers who smoked "occasionally" or "constantly" or "regularly". In the observational period, there was a significant stronger reduction in the proportion of young people who ever smoked in Germany (from 52 % to 10 %) compared to England (from 44 % to 19 %). In the same period, the proportion of young people who smoked currently dropped by 16 percentage points to 3 % in Germany and by 12 percentage points to 7 % in England (no significant difference). Data indicate a stronger trend towards never smoking in Germany compared to England, and a similar falling trend on "current" smoking in both countries. Causal conclusions are not possible due to the study design.

Assessment of the Joint Approach of Family, School and Family Physician in Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behaviors of Adolescents

Assessment of the Joint Approach of Family, School and Family Physician in Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behaviors of Adolescents

Knowledge with Adolescent Smoking Behavior

Cigarettes was one of the industrial products and international commodities that contain around 1,500 chemicals harmful to human health, but the behavior of some Indonesian teenagers had assumed that smoking is an inevitable need, a need to get along, a need to relax or share other reasons which makes smoking a normal thing. This study aimed to know the relationship between adolescent knowledge about smoking with smoking behavior in adolescents. Type of research used in this study was descriptive correlational. The number of samples used by 45 respondents. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate gang analysis using the chi-quare test. The result showed that most of the adolescents have high knowledge about smoking namely 15 people (33.3%) of respondents, with the smoking behavior of adolescents showing that the majority of adolescents amounted to 34 people (75.6%) respondents, the relationship of knowledge with adolescent smoking behavior shows that adolescents who have high knowledge with smoking behavior are 34 people (75.6%) respondents. Chi square test results show there is a relationship between knowledge and smoking behavior of adolescents, so that the value of p = 0.002 (p> 0.05). Adolescents with high knowledge experience smoking behavior more than adolescents who lack knowledge about smoking behavior. It expected that the results of this study would be one of the sources of information for the local health office and health center in overcoming disease problems arising from smoking with adolescent smoking behavior. This is valuable information for conducting or determining adolescent smoking behavioral habits.

Faktor demografis yang berhubungan dengan perilaku merokok pada remaja

Indonesia is one of the five largest cigarette consuming countries in the world. In addition, the data shows that the majority of smokers are the younger generation. Things that cause adolescents to smoke behavior can occur due to various factors, including smoking environment, gender, age, and other demographic factors. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of demographic factors with smoking behavior in adolescents. This study used a cross sectional design. Respondents were vocational school adolescents. The population were 373 adolescents. The number of samples used in this study were 201 respondents. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. Data analysis used chi square test. Data collection used questionnaire. The results of bivariate analysis of the relationship between sex factors and smoking behavior have a significance value of 0,007 (p<0,05) which means there was a relationship between sex and smoking behavior in adolescents. While other demographic factors such as age, parental education, pocket money, and status of residence did not show significant results (p>0,05) which means there was no relationship between age, parental education, pocket money, and residence status with smoking behavior in adolescents. Conclusion of this study said that gender was a demographic factor associated with smoking behavior in adolescents.

Unlucky to be young? The long-term effects of school starting age on smoking behavior and health

The literature on school entry laws has shown that relative school starting age affects smoking behavior and health in adolescence, yet it remains unclear whether these effects persist into adulthood. Filling this gap, we analyze the long-term effects of relative school starting age on smoking behavior and health in adulthood. This study employs a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, using school entry rules combined with birth month as an instrument for school starting age. The analysis adopts data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. The results reveal that an increase in relative school starting age significantly reduces the long-term risk of smoking, improves long-term health, and affects physical rather than mental health. Several robustness checks confirm these results. In addition, we present suggestive evidence that the relative age composition of peers and the school environment are important mechanisms.

Youth smoking and anti-smoking policies in North Dakota: a system dynamics simulation study

BackgroundThe current study utilizes system dynamics to model the determinants of youth smoking and simulate effects of anti-smoking policies in the context of North Dakota, a state with one of the lowest cigarette tax rates in the USA.MethodsAn explanatory model was built to replicate historical trends in the youth smoking rate. Three different policies were simulated: 1) an increase in cigarette excise taxes; 2) increased funding for CDC-recommended comprehensive tobacco control programs; and 3) enforcement of increased retailer compliance with age restrictions on cigarette sales.ResultsThe explanatory model successfully replicated historical trends in adolescent smoking behavior in North Dakota from 1992 to 2014. The policy model showed that increasing taxes to $2.20 per pack starting in 2015 was the most effective of the three policies, producing a 32.6% reduction in youth smoking rate by 2032. Other policies reduced smoking by a much lesser degree (7.0 and 3.2% for comprehensive tobacco control program funding and retailer compliance, respectively). The effects of each policy were additive.ConclusionsSystem dynamics modeling suggests that increasing cigarette excise taxes are particularly effective at reducing adolescent smoking rates. More generally, system dynamics offers an important complement to conventional analysis of observational data.

Relations Between Parental Distress Intolerance, Adolescent Motives for Cigarette Use, and Adolescent Cigarette Smoking Levels

Background: A relatively large body of evidence indicates that coping motives for cigarette smoking are associated with a number of problematic outcomes (e.g., greater smoking frequency) among adolescents. Evidence also indicates that lower distress tolerance (or higher distress intolerance) is related to higher levels of coping motives for cigarette smoking among adults and adolescents. Therefore, it is critical to improve our understanding of factors that may increase the likelihood of smoking to cope among adolescents. In addition, evidence suggests that a number of parenting behaviors may affect adolescent smoking behavior. No work to date, however, has examined the relation between parental distress intolerance and adolescent smoking motives, or adolescent smoking behavior. Objective/methods: The current study involving adolescents (n = 46) and one of their parents aimed to address this gap in the literature by examining the association between parent-reported parental distress intolerance, self-reported adolescent motives for cigarette use, and self-reported adolescent cigarette smoking levels. Results: Results indicated that parental distress intolerance was related to greater adolescent coping motives for cigarette smoking, but not to other motives for adolescent cigarette use. Furthermore, results indicated that parental distress intolerance was indirectly associated with higher adolescent cigarette smoking levels through adolescent coping motives for cigarette smoking. Conclusions: Parental distress intolerance is associated with coping motives for adolescent cigarette smoking. This suggests parental emotional factors may be associated with adolescent cigarette use.

Saliva DNA Methylation Detects Nascent Smoking in Adolescents.

Objectives: Early identification of smoking, essential for the successful implementation of interventions, arrests the escalation of smoking and smoking-associated risk behaviors in adolescents. However, because nascent smoking is typically episodic and infrequent, enzyme-linked immunoassay reagent-based approaches that detect cotinine, a key nicotine metabolite, are not effective in identifying adolescents in the earliest stages of smoking. Epigenetic methods may offer an alternative approach for detecting early-stage smokers. In prior work, we and others have shown that the methylation status of cg05575921 of whole-blood DNA accurately predicts smoking status in regularly smoking adults and is sensitive to nascent smoking. Yet, the blood draws necessary to obtain DNA for this method may be poorly accepted by adolescents. Saliva could be an alternative source of DNA. However, the ability of saliva DNA methylation status to predict smoking status among adolescents is unknown. Methods: To explore the possibility of using salivary DNA for screening purposes, we examined the DNA methylation status at cg05575921 in saliva DNA samples from 162 high school aged subjects for whom we also had paired serum cotinine values. Results: Overall, the reliability of self-report of nicotine/tobacco use in these adolescents was poor with 67% of all subjects whose serum levels of cotinine was ≥2 ng/mL (n = 75) denying any use of nicotine-containing products in the past 6 months. However, the correspondence of the two biological measures of smoking was high, with serum cotinine positivity being strongly correlated with cg05575921 methylation (p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that cg05575921 methylation status could be used to classify those with positive serum cotinine values (≥2 ng/mL) from those denying smoking and have undetectable levels of cotinine. Conclusions: We conclude that saliva DNA methylation assessments hold promise as a means of detecting nascent smoking.

THE ROLE OF PARENTS ON TEENAGERS SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN PRESSING FAMILY EXPENDITURE BUDGET IN NATIONAL SCALE

The prevalence of adolescent smokers increases from year to year. Most of the smokers come from low income families. Giving the role of the parent as an educator, both for those who smoke and those who do not smoke has a positive impact on adolescent smoking behavior, among others, it decreases the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Until now it is not known how much funds can be saved in the family as a positive impact of the role of parents as educators for their teenagers. This research is a descriptive study that aims to provide an over view of the amount of family funds that can be saved for cigarette shopping for young smokers. The results show that giving the role of parents to both smokers and non-smokers as educators can reduce family funds for shopping for cigarettes for teenagers. Non-smoking parents as educators can save family funds for shopping for cigarettes for teenagers is greater than for smokers.

Physical Fitness of Adolescent Smoker

Adolescent smoking behavior has a bad influence on health and fitness. The purpose of this study was to determine vital capacity and hemoglobin level in smoker and non-smoker adolescent towards physical fitness. The study was quantitative research with surveys and measurement tests. The sample size was 40 adolescents which in the neighborhood of Gunungpati. We used t-test, MANOVA and post hoc test to determine the differences in smoker and non-smoker adolescent. This study showed smoker adolescents had lower vital capacity compared than non-smoker adolescents. The value of hemoglobin levels in smoker adolescents were higher than non-smoker adolescents so that it affect the low levels of physical fitness. For adolescents, it is expected to maintain physical fitness through physical activity and reduce the number of cigarettes consumed and even try to stop smoking for smoker adolescents..

Low Smoking Exposure, the Adolescent Brain, and the Modulating Role of CHRNA5 Polymorphisms

BackgroundStudying the neural consequences of tobacco smoking during adolescence, including those associated with early light use, may help expose the mechanisms that underlie the transition from initial use to nicotine dependence in adulthood. However, only a few studies in adolescents exist, and they include small samples. In addition, the neural mechanism, if one exists, that links nicotinic receptor genes to smoking behavior in adolescents is still unknown. MethodsStructural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from a large sample of 14-year-old adolescents who completed an extensive battery of neuropsychological, clinical, personality, and drug-use assessments. Additional assessments were conducted at 16 years of age. ResultsExposure to smoking in adolescents, even at low doses, is linked to volume changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and to altered neuronal connectivity in the corpus callosum. The longitudinal analyses strongly suggest that these effects are not preexisting conditions in those who progress to smoking. There was a genetic contribution wherein the volume reduction effects were magnified in smokers who were carriers of the high-risk genotype of the alpha 5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene, rs16969968. ConclusionsThese findings give insight into a mechanism involving genes, brain structure, and connectivity underlying why some adolescents find nicotine especially addictive.