Adolescent Sleep Patterns Research Articles

Factors affecting sleep patterns in Singaporean adolescents: a polytechnic population study

Factors affecting sleep patterns in Singaporean adolescents: a polytechnic population study

Engaging the community in the process of changing school start times: experience of the Cherry Creek School District

Despite growing evidence of the positive impact of later school start times on adolescent health and academic outcomes, relatively few districts have changed start times due to concerns about transportation, child care, and athletics/extracurricular activities. This paper provides a case study of the Cherry Creek School District's (CCSD) successful efforts to change start times. The CCSD is a diverse district with an enrollment of almost 55,000 students in suburban Denver. As part of CCSD's strategic plan, a multi-disciplinary task force was formed to examine the impact of start times on student achievement, and recommend a start time schedule driven by best practices on adolescent sleep patterns, balanced with family and community needs. Over 18 months the task force's work included engaging the community through meetings, as well as conducting a large survey (n = 24,574) of parents, teachers, and students, and gathering online feedback. An iterative process utilized feedback at every stage to refine the final recommendation given to the Board of Education. Survey results, implementation considerations, outcome evaluation plans, and lessons learned are discussed.

Aktivitas fisik dan screen based activity pada remaja di Wates

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physical activity and screen based activity with sleep patterns in adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among junior high school students in August 2016. Samples were 536 respondents selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through interviews with a structured questionnaire, and measurements of height and waist circumference. Data analyses used chi-square, mann-whitney and logistic regression tests to explore factors associated with sleep pattern.ResultsOut off 536 respondents, poor sleep quality (34.5%) and short sleep duration (45.3%) happened among female adolescents. There was a significant correlation between screen based activity with sleep quality in adolescents. Physical activity had a significant relationship with sleep duration.ConclusionPhysical activity and SBA was associated with adolescent sleep patterns. Appropriate educational promotions by the Kulon Progo education authorities should be conducted to provide information about the importance of adequate sleep.

HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DENGAN GANGGUAN POLA TIDUR PADA REMAJA

For some people, smoking has become a necessity of life that can not be abandoned ineveryday life - the day. Results Health Research in 2013, the smoking behavior ofpopulation aged 15 years and over or adolescence is still a decline from 2007 to 2013, islikely to increase from 34.2% in 2007 to 36.2% in 2013.This research uses correlation study with cross sectional approach to determine therelationship of smoking as an independent variable with disruption of sleep patterns inadolescents as the dependent variable. The population in this study were all adultsmokers in the village of Wangkah Gedangan Grogol, Sukoharjo, ie a total of 30adolescent smokers. Researchers using a questionnaire with questions about the amountto 3 point for an overview of smoking and 10 of the questions for the description of sleepdisorders. The data obtained then tabulated tabulation and analyzed using SPSS 16 forWindows.Research result: 1) From the results of this study can be obtained that the majority ofrespondents, a number of 15 (50%) to the category of light smokers, while 9 respondents(30%) to the category of moderate smokers, and 6 respondents (20%) categories ofheavy smokers. 2) The majority of respondents with moderate sleep disorder category,the number of 24 respondents (80%), while 4 respondents (13.3%) with mild sleepdisorder category, and 2 respondents (6.7%) with severe sleep disorder category. Of allrespondents were 30 teenage 100% impaired sleep patterns. 3) Pearson Chi-Square5.513889, where <of α: 0:05. It can be concluded that there is no relationship betweensmoking category by category disruption of sleep patterns. Linear or non smokingcategory to the category of sleep disorders.Keywords: Smoking, disruption of sleep patterns, teen age

Effects of sleep on substance use in adolescents: a longitudinal perspective.

Substance use (SU) and sleep problems appear interrelated, but few studies have examined the influence of adolescent sleep patterns on development of SU disorders. This study prospectively examined the influence of sleep habits on subsequent SU in youth who later transitioned into heavy drinking. At time 1 (T1), participants (n=95) were substance-naive 12- to 14-year-olds. Path-analytic models examined whether the effects of T1 risk factors (familial SU disorder, inhibition control, and externalizing and internalizing traits) on time 3 (M=19.8years old) tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis were mediated by time 2 (M=15.1years old) sleep chronotype, daytime sleepiness, and erratic sleep/wake behaviors. Significant direct path effects of T1 risk factors and time 2 sleep behaviors on time 3 SU were found, Ps<0.05. In models that examined the effect of each individual sleep behavior separately on SU, more erratic sleep/wake and greater daytime sleepiness predicted higher lifetime use events for all substances (Ps<0.01). Higher evening chronotype tendencies predicted lower tobacco and higher alcohol and cannabis lifetime use events (Ps<0.01). Erratic sleep/wake behaviors mediated the effect of inhibitory control on subsequent SU; less erratic sleep/wake behaviors predicted better inhibition control ( β̂=-0.20, P<0.05). Early-mid adolescent psychiatric health and sleep behaviors prior to drinking onset predicted greater SU 5years later. Participants were substance-naïve at baseline, allowing for the examination of temporal order in the relationship between sleep problems and alcohol use. Early adolescent sleep problems may be an important risk factor for SU in later life.

Sleep deficiency on school days in Icelandic youth, as assessed by wrist accelerometry

AimsThe purpose of this study was to objectively measure, with wrist-worn actigraphy, free-living sleeping patterns in Icelandic adolescents, and to compare sleep duration, sleep quality and clock times between school days (SchD) and non-school days (NSchD) and the association between sleep and body mass index (BMI). MethodsA cross-sectional study on 15.9-year-old (±0.3) adolescents from six schools in Reykjavík, Iceland, took place in the spring of 2015. Free-living sleep was measured on 301 subjects (122 boys and 179 girls) over seven days using wrist-worn actigraphy accelerometers. Total rest time (TRT), total sleep time (TST), sleep quality markers, and clock times for sleep were quantified and compared between SchD and NSchD and between the sexes, using paired and group t-tests as appropriate. Linear regression was used to assess the association between sleep parameters and BMI. ResultsOn SchD, TST was 6.2 ± 0.7 h, with sleep efficiency (SLE) of 87.9 ± 4.4% for the group. On NSchD, TST increased to 7.3 ± 1.1 h (p < 0.001), although SLE decreased to 87.4 ± 4.7% (p < 0.05). On SchD and NSchD, 67% and 93% had bed times after midnight, respectively, and on SchD 10.7% met sleep recommendations (8 h/night). There was no association between BMI and average sleep parameters. ConclusionThe majority of Icelandic adolescents did not get the recommended number of hours of sleep, especially on SchD. While TST increased on NSchD, many participants still did not achieve the recommendations. These findings provide information on the sleep patterns of adolescents and may serve as reference for development of policies and interventions to promote better sleep practices.

How Many Sleep Diary Entries Are Needed to Reliably Estimate Adolescent Sleep?

To investigate (1) how many nights of sleep diary entries are required for reliable estimates of five sleep-related outcomes (bedtime, wake time, sleep onset latency [SOL], sleep duration, and wake after sleep onset [WASO]) and (2) the test-retest reliability of sleep diary estimates of school night sleep across 12 weeks. Data were drawn from four adolescent samples (Australia [n = 385], Qatar [n = 245], United Kingdom [n = 770], and United States [n = 366]), who provided 1766 eligible sleep diary weeks for reliability analyses. We performed reliability analyses for each cohort using complete data (7 days), one to five school nights, and one to two weekend nights. We also performed test-retest reliability analyses on 12-week sleep diary data available from a subgroup of 55 US adolescents. Intraclass correlation coefficients for bedtime, SOL, and sleep duration indicated good-to-excellent reliability from five weekday nights of sleep diary entries across all adolescent cohorts. Four school nights was sufficient for wake times in the Australian and UK samples, but not the US or Qatari samples. Only Australian adolescents showed good reliability for two weekend nights of bedtime reports; estimates of SOL were adequate for UK adolescents based on two weekend nights. WASO was not reliably estimated using 1 week of sleep diaries. We observed excellent test-rest reliability across 12 weeks of sleep diary data in a subsample of US adolescents. We recommend at least five weekday nights of sleep dairy entries to be made when studying adolescent bedtimes, SOL, and sleep duration. Adolescent sleep patterns were stable across 12 consecutive school weeks.

The social gradient of sleep in adolescence: results from the youth@hordaland survey.

Background: A social gradient of sleep problems has been demonstrated in both children and adults, but our knowledge about possible social determinants of adolescent sleep problems remains limited. Methods: A large population-based study in Norway surveyed 10 220 adolescents aged 16–19 years in 2012. Multiple socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and assessment of sleep, including DSM-5 insomnia, sleep duration, weekend–weekdays differences, as well as sleep deficit and delayed sleep phase were included. Results: Insomnia was more frequent among adolescents from families with lower parental education, parents outside the workforce and among adolescents reporting lower perceived family financial circumstances. Adolescents from lower social strata reported a significantly shorter sleep duration, more sleep deficits, later bedtimes and larger weekday–weekend sleep differences. The associations were present across all SES measures. For example, the mean sleep duration was 6:03 (95% CI: 5:55–6:12) among adolescents with mothers with primary school education, compared with sleep duration of 6:24 (95% CI: 6:20–6:27) and 6:35 (95% CI: 6:31–6:38) among adolescent with mothers having a secondary school and university degree, respectively ( P < 0.001). The highest rate of insomnia was found in families with worse perceived financial circumstances (32%), when compared with 17–18% in families with better perceived financial circumstances. Depressive symptoms and family cohesion could account for some, but not all of the association. Conclusions: Lower SES was a robust determinant of adolescent sleep patterns and sleep problems, corroborating evidence of a social gradient in sleep from young children and adults. Targeted intervention for adolescents in low SES may be indicated to improve sleep.

Impact of a modest delay in school start time in Hong Kong school adolescents

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of a modest delay (15 min) in school start time (SST) on adolescent sleep patterns, mood, and behaviors. MethodsTwo secondary schools in Hong Kong with a total of 1173 students (intervention: n = 617; comparison school n = 556) completed both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. School start time was delayed by 15 min, from 7:45 a.m. to 8:00 a.m., in the intervention school. The comparison school maintained their regular SST at 7:55 a.m. Students' sleep-wake patterns, daytime sleepiness, and mental and behavioral aspects were assessed by validated questionnaires before and after the intervention. ResultsStudents in the intervention school significantly delayed their weekday wake-up time (p < 0.001) and increased their total time in bed (p < 0.001) when compared to students in the comparison school. Both groups experienced a delay in their weekday bedtime. The students in the intervention school showed improved mental health [General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score, p = 0.015], better prosocial behaviors (p = 0.009), better peer relationships (p < 0.001), greater attentiveness (p < 0.001), less emotional problems (p = 0.002), and less behavioral difficulties (p < 0.001) as measured by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). ConclusionsA modest delay (15 min) in school start time can increase adolescent sleep with corresponding improvement in mood and behaviors. Current findings have significant implications for education policy, suggesting that school administrators and policy makers should systematically consider delaying school start time to promote sleep and health among school-aged adolescents. Clinical trial registrationChiCTR-TRC-12002798. The trial protocol can be accessed at: http://www.chictr.org/en/proj/show.aspx?proj=3955.

Sleep duration and patterns in adolescents: correlates and the role of daily stressors

ObjectivesThe first aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep deficit in a large sample of adolescents. Second, the study aimed to assess whether short sleep duration in the sample was associated with emotional and behavioral problems. Lastly, the study aimed to investigate the association between daily stressors–bedtime activities and sleep duration. DesignCross-sectional survey. SettingThe questionnaires were completed during school hours in 17 municipal junior high schools in Sweden. ParticipantsA total of 2767 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years, 48% girls. Measurements and ResultsSleep measures included total sleep time (TST) for schooldays and weekends, obtained as combined measures of self-reported bed-time, wake-time, and sleep onset latency. We used the new National Sleep Foundation's guidelines to operationalize sleep duration. Overall 12% of younger adolescents (age 12-13 years) and 18% of older adolescents (14-16 years) slept less than recommended (TST < 7 hours). Adolescents reporting nonrecommended TST also reported more behavioral (ie, norm-breaking behaviors) and emotional problems (ie, depression, anxiety, and anger), with effects in the small-medium range. Finally, adolescents reporting bedtime arousal and use of information and communication technology in bed were more likely to report TST < 7 hours. Stress at home (for younger adolescents) and stress of school performance (for older adolescents) were also associated with TST less than 7 hours. ConclusionsThe new National Sleep Foundation's recommendations were informative in this context. Future sleep interventions need to target barriers to good sleep practices, such as use of information and communication technology, stress, and worry that may contribute to arousal at bedtime.

Sleep Patterns in Adolescents with Hypertension

Background: There is growing evidence that psychological stress contributes to hypertension and leads to changes in sleep structure. Insufficient sleep may lead to cardiovascular disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore specific sleep patterns in adolescents with hypertension. Methods: The study population consisted of 35 young patients (14–17 years old): 20 adolescents with hypertension and 15 healthy adolescents. Polysomnography (PSG) was performed on all patients. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant changes of sleep patterns in the hypertensive adolescents compared to the normotensive adolescents. Hypertension was associated with significantly decreased slow wave sleep (16.86±0.3 vs. 22.7±0.3%; P<0.05) and increased rapid eye movement sleep (REM) (23.1±0.2 vs. 30.75±0.2%; P<0.05). At the same time, sleep latency increased compared to subjects without hypertension (27.2±0.3 vs. 11.2±0.4 min, P<0.05). Wake time after sleep onset (WASO) was also significantly (19.1±0.2 vs. 5.9±0.3 min, P <0.05) longer than in healthy adolescents, which led to reduced sleep duration. Conclusion: These results suggest that these kinds of sleep deviations are closely associated with some adaptive reaction to prolonged exposure of psychogenic factors in the hypertensive adolescents. (Int J Biomed. 2016;6(1):53-55.).

Sleep Patterns and Academic Performance During Preparation for College Entrance Exam in Chinese Adolescents.

Deficient sleep is linked to detrimental outcomes in health and school performance for adolescents. This study characterized sleep patterns in Chinese adolescents preparing for the College Entrance Exam (CEE) and evaluated the association between sleep patterns, self-rated academic performance, and the CEE scores. A sample of 481 Chinese adolescents in 12th grade (ages 16-19 years) completed questionnaires about sleep patterns, academic performance, academic stress, and sociodemographic factors 4-6 weeks before the CEE in June 2013. The CEE scores for each student also were obtained. A total of 21% of the students had bedtimes after 12:00 am, 78.3% had sleep latency longer than 30 minutes, 14.6% had wake time earlier than 6:00 am, and the vast majority (94.4%) had sleep duration less than 8 hours. After adjusting for selected confounders such as academic stress, prolonged sleep latency was associated with poorer self-reported academic performance, and late bedtime was associated with higher CEE score. Our findings highlight the complex association between sleep and academic performance. Assessing and monitoring sleep patterns in adolescents during periods of high academic demand and stress may yield important recommendations for their health and safety as well as establishing optimal sleep and study habits.

Sleep Patterns of Urban and Rural School-going Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the variance in sleep habits of adolescents (10—18 years) in urban and rural Rajasthan. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Setting: Community based school survey in an urban and a rural setting. Subjects: School-going adolescents 10 to 18 years. Materials and methods A total of 565 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years were included. The questionnaire contained questions related to sleep habits. Each question was explained to the participants and their responses were noted. Outcome parameters were total sleep time. Results Out of 585 adolescents, 285 were residing in urban areas while 280 from rural areas. Total 43.3% adolescent were using bedroom for sleep only without any significant difference in rural and urban area. Alcohol consumption was seen in urban area only (n = 6) and mainly by 10 to 15 year age group. Urban adolescents on week days spend 7.15 hours of sleep while on week ends they spend 9.2 hours while In rural area week days sleep was 6.34 hours while at week ends it was 6.64 hours. So surprisingly sleep deprivation was more in rural area and there was not much variation in total sleep time in rural area on weekdays or weekend. How to cite this article Kakkar MK, Bohra D, Trivedi N, Gupta J, Saini Y. Sleep Patterns of Urban and Rural School- going Adolescents. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):20-23.

The Role of Environmental Factors on Sleep Patterns and School Performance in Adolescents.

Background: Modern life, with its many distractions, is seeing sleep quantity and quality decline during adolescence. This is a concern as research persuasively demonstrates the negative impact of reduced sleep on academic achievement, both in terms of learning and behavior.Aims: This study examined the relationship between sleep and school functioning in adolescence, with a focus on environmental factors that might mediate this relationship.Sample and Method: Forty-seven adolescents took part. Sleep was measured using the School Sleep Habits Survey (SSHS) and a sleep diary. School records of year grade point averages provided a measure of academic achievement. Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices gave a measure of general cognitive processing. Environmental sleep factors falling into three groups, namely, stimulant consumption, media use and exercise, were measured using a self-report questionnaire.Results: An average of 7.08 h of sleep was reported. Correlations revealed that Total sleep time (TST) and bedtimes on weekdays were strongly associated with academic achievement. Morning/eveningness and sleep/wake behavior problems had a strong relationship with performance on the Ravens. Stimulant consumption and media use before bed revealed strong relationships with TST and bedtimes on weekdays. Crucially, mediation analyses confirmed that both caffeine consumption and electronic media use before bedtime were negatively associated with academic performance, via the mediating pathway by affecting sleep. Exercise was not associated with any of the sleep variables, but was associated with better academic performance.Conclusion: The current findings highlight that, now more than ever, parents, schools and policy makers must be aware of the negative effects of caffeinated substances marketed to students, and electronic media use on their sleep habits. Our findings suggest that targeting caffeine consumption and electronic media use before bed may represent effective routes in alleviating modern teenage sleep debt, and in turn enhancing academic performance.

The influence of school time on sleep patterns of children and adolescents

ObjectiveThis epidemiological study evaluated the impact of school time on sleep parameters of children and adolescents. MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 639 elementary and high school students (mean age 13.03 years, range 8–18, 58.5% female) from the south of Brazil. Participants answered the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and were asked about their sleeping habits on weekdays and weekends. Sleep deficit was defined as the difference between sleep duration on weekdays and weekends. ResultsThe morning-school-time students presented significantly higher age, bedtime and wake up differences, sleep deficits, and social jetlag. The sleep deficit presented by girls was greater than that observed in boys of the same age. The difference between weekday and weekend waking times was also significantly greater in girls than in boys aged 13–18 years. Sleep deficit was significantly positively correlated with age and differences in wake up times, and significantly negatively correlated with MEQ scores, social jetlag, difference between weekday and weekend bedtimes, midpoint of sleep on weekends, and midpoint of sleep on weekends corrected for sleep deficit. A step-by-step multivariate logistic regression identified social jetlag, the difference between waking times on weekdays and weekends, and the midpoint of sleep on weekends as significant predictors of sleep deficit (Adjusted R2 = 0.95; F = 1606.87; p < 0.001). ConclusionThe results showed that school time influences the sleep parameters. The association of school schedules and physiological factors influence the sleep/wake cycle.

Habitual sleep variability, mediated by nutrition intake, is associated with abdominal obesity in adolescents

ObjectiveTo investigate habitual sleep duration (HSD) and habitual sleep variability (HSV) in relation to abdominal obesity and nutrient intake as mediating factors in adolescents. MethodsWe analyzed data from 305 adolescents who participated in the Penn State Child Cohort follow-up examination. An actigraphy device was used for seven consecutive nights to calculate HSD and HSV. Abdominal obesity was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The Youth/Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to obtain daily total caloric, protein, fat, and carbohydrates intakes. Linear regression models were used to associate HSD and HSV with abdominal obesity and to qualitatively identify mediating factors. The mediating effect was quantitatively estimated by mediation models. ResultsAfter adjusting for major covariates and HSD, higher HSV was significantly associated with abdominal obesity measures. For example, with 1-hour increase in HSV, android/gynoid fat ratio and visceral fat area increased by 0.02 cm2 (standard error = 0.01, p = 0.03) and 6.86 cm2 (standard error = 2.82, p = 0.02), respectively. HSD was not associated with abdominal obesity in HSV-adjusted models. Total caloric, fat, and carbohydrate intakes were significant mediating factors. For instance, 20% of the association between HSV and visceral fat can be attributed to carbohydrate intake. ConclusionsHigher HSV, not HSD, is significantly associated with abdominal obesity, which can be partially explained by increased caloric intake, especially from carbohydrate, in adolescents. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to establish and maintain regular sleep patterns in adolescents.

Polysomnographic Sleep Patterns in Children and Adolescents in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome.

We aimed (i) to search for qualitative sleep patterns for pediatric unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (SPPUWS) in prolonged polysomnographic (PSG) recordings in children and adolescents with subacute severe disorders of consciousness due to an acquired brain damage; (ii) to investigate the clinical relevance of SPPUWS and of possible neurophysiological markers (rapid eye movement sleep and sleep spindles) in PSG recordings of pediatric patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS). We performed a PSG study in 27 children with UWS due to acquired brain damage in the subacute phase. Patients received a full neurological examination and a clinical assessment with standardized scales. In addition, outcome was assessed after 36 months. We identified 6 PSG patterns (SPPUWS) corresponding to increasing neuroelectrical complexity. The presence of an organized sleep pattern, as well as rapid eye movement sleep and sleep spindles, in the subacute stage appeared highly predictive of a more favorable outcome. Correlation was found between SPPUWS and recovery, as assessed by several clinical and rehabilitation scales. Polysomnography can be used as a prognostic tool, as it can help determine the capability to recover from a pediatric UWS and predict outcome well before the confirmation provided by suitable clinical scales.

Fatigue and Sleep Experiences at Home in Children and Adolescents With Cancer.

To (a) investigate fatigue and sleep patterns of children and adolescents at home and (b) examine factors associated with fatigue and sleep.. Descriptive with repeated measures . Homes of study participants in Los Angeles and Orange, California . 35 children and adolescents with cancer. Data were collected using the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, which was completed once at home by each participant, and sleep actigraphs, which were worn for five days at home following discharge from hospitalization . General fatigue, cognitive fatigue, sleep-rest fatigue, sleep duration, sleep quantity, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset . More than half of the participants had problems with fatigue at home. Significant correlations were found between sleep/rest fatigue and sleep duration. Factors that affected fatigue were age, gender, and cancer diagnosis. Adolescents had more problems with fatigue than children, and female patients had more problems with fatigue than male patients. Patients with sarcoma had more problems with fatigue than those with leukemia, lymphoma, and other cancer diagnoses. Adolescents slept less than children. Children and adolescents with cancer have fatigue and sleep problems at home that vary by age, gender, and cancer diagnosis . Data from the current study support the need for nurses to provide teaching about fatigue and sleep at home in children and adolescents with cancer. Future studies are needed to examine interventions that may alleviate fatigue and improve sleep at home .

The Somnolent Youth-Sleep and the Influence of Exercise: A Narrative Review

Sleep is crucial to the physiological and psychological development of youth. The implications of insufficient sleep on learning and school performance are well documented. However, adequate sleep often goes unmet due to a combination of biological, societal, and environmental factors, especially during adolescence. In the present review, the changes to adolescent sleep patterns, and its consequences on cognition and learning are briefly explored. We then review the empirical literature of the role of exercise in regulating adolescent sleep patterns, and its potential mechanisms.

Child and Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Early School Start Times: Recognizing the Role of the Pediatric Nurse

Child and Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Early School Start Times: Recognizing the Role of the Pediatric Nurse