Adolescent Relationships Research Articles

Adolescent dating violence and leader role occupancy

AbstractWho becomes a leader is of considerable importance to employees, organizations and society. Recently, researchers have considered whether early life events outside of the workplace affect who occupies leadership roles within organizations. Informed by the lifespan approach to leadership, and the work–home resources model, we investigate whether violence in adolescent dating relationships is associated with leader role occupancy in adulthood. We hypothesize that experiencing psychological aggression and physical violence indirectly lowers the likelihood of occupying a leadership role through depressive symptoms. Moreover, we hypothesize that the indirect effects will be weaker when parent–adolescent relationship quality is higher, when adolescents come from higher household incomes, and stronger for women. Drawing on four waves of ADD Health, results showed that experiencing early psychological aggression in dating relationships increased depressive symptoms, hindering leader role occupancy; however, this effect was buffered by income, and stronger for women. Experiencing physical violence exerted indirect negative effects on leader role occupancy via depressive symptoms, regardless of parent–adolescent relationship quality, income or gender. There were no direct effects of aggression or violence on leader role occupancy. Our findings suggest that early personal relationships can impact young adult's mental health, which in turn can influence leadership outcomes into adulthood.

Exploring the Dimensions and Correlates of Teen Economic Abuse Through a Cross-Sectional Survey

PurposeTeen economic abuse (TEA) is an understudied form of adolescent relationship abuse with limited measures available to assess prevalence. The purpose of this article is to assess the underlying dimensions of survey items (developed with youth) to refine measurement of and validate the structures comprising TEA and examine differences in prevalence of TEA perpetration (Prp) and victimization (Vct) by demographic characteristics. MethodsThis cross-sectional, online survey was conducted between July and September 2021. Youth ages 13–19 who read English and reside in the United States were eligible to complete this study. Recruitment occurred through a national violence prevention listserv with an emphasis on reaching organizations serving youth who are unhoused, juvenile justice and child welfare-system involved, identifying as sexual or gender minorities, or from communities of color. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, negative binomial regression models were run to assess associations of demographic characteristics, with levels of TEA Vct and Prp. ResultsAdolescents who identify as White reported significantly more types of TEA exposures than their American Indian or Alaskan Native (adjusted incident rate ratios = 1.3; 95% CI = [1.1, 1.4]), Hispanic Latino (1.2 [1.1, 1.4]), and Multiracial peers (2.4 [1.8, 3.1]). Gender diverse adolescents (1.14 [1, 1.3]) and cisgender females (1.08 [1, 1.2]) had significantly more types of TEA exposures than cisgender males. Those with past-year physical or sexual violence in dating relationships reported more types of TEA exposures (4.1 [3.8, 4.4]) than those who had not experienced such violence. Adolescents with exposure to foster care or homelessness had more types of TEA (1.3 [1.2, 1.4]) than those without such experiences. DiscussionHealthcare providers serving youth should be aware of how economic abuse manifests in adolescent relationships when providing support and resources for youth, especially those who are system-involved or experiencing housing instability. Findings also highlight the need for education about TEA and economic justice in violence prevention programs.

Capturing the Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Supportive Relationships in Early Adolescence

Guided by self-determination theory and the bioecological model, this latent class analysis explores the patterns and predictors of supportive relationships in a national sample of early adolescents ( N = 6,469). A six-class solution emerged: youth with (1) emotional, informational, and academic support from various adults and peers across home, school, and community settings; (2) emotional and informational support from school friends; (3) low support; (4) emotional, informational, and academic support from parents and school friends; (5) emotional and informational support from out of school friends, and (6) emotional and informational support from family. Multinomial logistic regression results indicate the unequal distribution of relational support was predicted by individual, home, or school characteristics: being female, extracurricular participation, and higher socioeconomic home or school contexts were associated with membership in classes with a pattern of greater relational support in comparison to the low support class. The importance of targeting subgroups of adolescents in need of relational support and enhancing home and school settings are discussed.

Predictors of adolescent well-being around the globe: are students from Confucian East Asia different?

Using rich data from nearly 400,000 15-year-olds across 70 middle- and high-income countries and economies participating in PISA 2018, this study investigates (1) global predictors of adolescent subjective well-being (SWB), and (2) differences in adolescent life satisfaction, its predictors and endowments with predictors across world regions and cultures. A particular focus lies on comparing Confucian East Asia (CEA) with other world regions. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. As measures of adolescent well-being, this study employs life satisfaction, affective well-being, and meaning in life. Globally, adolescent well-being outcomes are found to be most strongly linked to gender, personality, relative SES, relationship quality, peer SWB, autonomy and the learning environment, as well as local cultural factors. Estimations by world region reveal several culture-specific explanations for interregional well-being gaps. In particular, notoriously low levels of life satisfaction among students from CEA countries are found to be associated with low self-efficacy, low peer well-being, as well as with high emotional interdependence compared to other world regions. Emotional interdependence is more strongly experienced among CEA adolescents compared to adolescents from any other world region. Moreover, it is found to be more strongly associated with life satisfaction in the CEA region than in any other region. In line with the former, CEA students show stronger links between other relational factors (parents' emotional support; sense of belonging at school) and life satisfaction compared to most other regions. This study suggests that among the environmental factors that shape the experience of adolescent lives, relationship and cultural factors play key roles and are closely intertwined. Parents, educators and policymakers around the world should focus on creating a positive school environment that promotes well-being, student self-efficacy, a sense of belonging, and a safe space in which failure is accepted as part of the learning process. This is particularly needed in Confucian East Asian countries.

Parent and adolescent perceptions of parent–child developmental relationships: The role of family routines

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined family routines in relation to the strength of parent–child developmental relationships and discordant perceptions among parents and their adolescent children.BackgroundPositive parent–child relationships and regular engagement in family routines are known to create a positive environment in which adolescents can thrive. Yet both parents and their children hold unique perspectives on family structure and functioning. Agreement between parent and child reports tend to be low and often become increasingly discrepant during adolescence. Engaging in consistent and predictable family routines may not only strengthen parent–child relationships but also result in more concordant perceptions of the quality of their shared relationship.MethodUsing data from 633 matched parents and their children, we examined the association between engagement in family routines and the strength of parent–adolescent relationships including discrepant reports using a latent congruence model.ResultsFamily routines were positively associated with stronger parent–adolescent relationships and less discrepant reports of this critical relationship.ConclusionEngagement in family routines plays an important role in parent–adolescent developmental relationships.ImplicationsFindings have important implications for practices and research focused on improving adolescent outcomes through family structures and parent–child relationships.

Adolescents social capital and academic performance: A comprehensive study on the mediating effect of social belongingness and connectedness

ABSTRACT Adolescence recognised as the peroid of transition characterised by a changing environment. The inadequate attention given to adolescent social relationships and resources makes it crucial for investigation in the field of behavioral sciences. The individual’s instinct for collective survival through the establishment of social relationships enhances the significance of connectedness and belongingness in the process of resource accumulation. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of social belongingness and connectedness in the relationship between social capital and academic performance within the educational context. The research employs a cross-sectional approach utilizing a quantitative descriptive research design and stratified sampling methodology. Approximately, 200 samples were gathered through a questionnaire administered to middle-aged adolescents aged 12-15 years from multiple schools in Salem district. The study findings indicate a statistically significant association between social capital, belongingness, connectedness, and academic performance of the individuals within the school environment. Furthermore, social capital was predicted and mediated by sense of belongingness and connectedness. The study concludes that the dual relationship between individuals’ social capital and academic performance facilitates enhanced access to resources and opportunities, favouring both individuals’ and society as a whole.

Longitudinal effects of father‐adolescent attachment on anxiety: A multi‐informant study

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that many elements of the family context can play a significant role in the development of anxiety in adolescents. Some work suggests that parent‐adolescent attachment may serve as an antecedent of adolescent anxiety problems, but there remains a gap in research that examines both the mother‐adolescent and father‐adolescent attachment relationship and its impact on adolescent anxiety. Evidence suggests that parent‐child attachment security may provide a context for the development of emotion regulation skills; if an adolescent lacks these important regulatory capabilities in a time of stressful transitions, this may be related to increased feelings of anxiety. However, little is known about the particular effects of father‐adolescent attachment on anxiety, especially in early to mid‐adolescence. The present study addresses parental influences on the development of adolescent anxiety in a sample of 295 mothers, fathers, and adolescents studied across three years. Two dyadic growth‐curve models were specified: one for mother‐adolescent dyads and the other for father‐adolescent dyads. Results indicated that linear increases in adolescent reports of secure attachment with their fathers were predictive of linear decreases in adolescent reports of anxiety. Interestingly, there were no significant effects for the mother‐adolescent model. The results call attention to the developmental significance of attachment to fathers in buffering adolescents from emerging anxiety in this developmental period. The present study contributes to a growing body of research that highlights the importance of the father‐child relationship in adolescence.

Adolescent close friendships, self-perceived social acceptance, and peer-rated likeability as predictors of wellbeing in young adulthood

IntroductionLinks between interpersonal relationships and physical and psychological functioning have been well-established in the literature. During adolescence, success or distress in peer relationships may have distinct effects on different aspects of wellbeing. The present study aims to examine the ways in which different adolescent peer relationship contexts (i.e., close friendship quality, social acceptance, and likability from peers) can predict outcomes relevant to adult wellbeing (i.e., social anxiety, depression, aggression, social integration, romantic insecurity, job satisfaction, and physical health). Further, the study considers how different developmental stages of adolescence may impact links between peer relationships and wellbeing outcomes.MethodPeer relationship contexts were assessed in early (ages 13–14) and late (ages 17–18) adolescence. Markers of wellbeing were measured in young adulthood (ages 28–30). A path analysis was used to examine whether the developmental timing of adolescent peer relationship contexts could predict wellbeing in young adulthood.ResultsResults suggest that, across adolescence, broader perceived social acceptance may be a more robust predictor of adult wellbeing compared to close friendship quality and peer likability. When examined at early and late adolescence separately, early adolescent social acceptance and late adolescent close friendship quality best predicted outcomes of adult wellbeing.DiscussionImplications and considerations for future research are discussed.

Leisure activities, substance use and psychological health among Hungarian adolescents

ABSTRACT During the past several decades, adolescents’ leisure has undergone several important changes due to, for example, alternative modes of entertainment, such as video gaming and social media which have had a significant influence on their well-being. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of adolescents’ leisure activities to their substance use and psychological health. Participants were middle and high school students (N = 2,239, aged between 12 and 18 years, M = 14.61 years, SD = 1.71; 51.8% females) using data drawn from the Szeged Youth Study 2022, Hungary. Peer-based leisure was positively associated with all types of substance use. Playing and gaming leisure showed a negative relationship with psychosomatic and depressive symptomatology. Aesthetic-sophisticated and family-based leisure proved the most beneficial for psychological health and health behaviour, and it was also the strongest predictor of adolescents’ life satisfaction. Arts, hobbies and internet use played a beneficial role.

Associations between mother and father involvement with older adolescents: Mediating effects of parent‐adolescent and couple relationships

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to illuminate the dynamic interplay among subsystems within the family context to understand how mother and father involvement in their adolescent children's lives may be related.BackgroundConsistent with different predictions offered by family spillover and by compensatory conceptual models, whether there is an association between mother and father involvement, as well as the direction of the association, is unclear thus far in the empirical literature. Whether more proximal dyadic relationships, such as parent–adolescent relationships, may mediate the association between mother and father involvement has also been underexamined.MethodThis study was conducted using the adolescent subsample drawn from Wave 3 of the Welfare, Children, and Families Project. A total of 463 ethnically diverse adolescents from low‐income households living with two biological parents were involved in this study.ResultsResults of a structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the total effect from mother involvement to father involvement was significant, but a direct association between them was not significant; closeness in parent–adolescent and coparental relationships mediated the relationship between the two. Study results also indicated that model fits and associations were roughly the same across adolescent sex and ethnicity groups.ConclusionThis study advanced the understanding of the father involvement process. The findings support that parental involvement interventions for parents from low‐income families should focus on developing culturally responsive strategies for promoting their parenting beliefs and healthy functioning.

Self-harm, suicidal ideation, depression and peer relationships in transgender and gender diverse adolescents accessing specialist mental health services.

There are an estimated 25 million transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals worldwide, with 1.2%-2.7% of this population being under the age of 18. Community studies describe increased rates of mental health difficulties such as depression, self-harm, suicidal ideation and difficulties with peer relationships for TGD youth over cisgender peers. However, comparatively little is known about the mental health symptomatology of TGD youth attending specialist mental health services (CAMHS) in the UK. This cross-sectional study explored data from 170 young people participating in the Beating Adolescent Self-Harm (BASH) trial. Baseline data about self-harm, depression, and impact on daily life was compared for those who identified as TGD (n = 18) with those who identified as cisgender (n = 152). In the transgender group, 18 (100%) scored ≥27 on the MFQ suggesting severe depression and had total scores on the SDQ impact scale of ≥3, in the very high range. In comparison in the cisgender group, 140 (92.1%) scored ≥27 on the MFQ and 103 (67.8%) had total scores on the SDQ impact scale of ≥3. The TGD group reported higher rates of self-harm, poorer peer relationships, less prosocial behaviour and greater interference with friendships and leisure activities and impact in the classroom. Both groups reported similar symptoms of depression. Whilst this exploratory study has limitations, these results suggest that TGD youth attending CAMHS may experience greater mental health problems than their cisgender peers.

Associations Between Acculturation, Discrimination, and Adolescent Relationship Abuse: A Matched Parent-Adolescent Study of Latine Families.

Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) is prevalent among adolescents, including those who identify as Latine. However, there is limited research that has considered the cultural and structural mechanisms that may impact ARA experiences among Latine youth. Further, although parents play a crucial role in ARA prevention, few studies have investigated how adolescent-parent differences in acculturation and discrimination are associated with ARA. The objective of this exploratory study of Latine families was to examine how acculturation, discrimination, and adolescent-parent acculturation/discrimination differences relate to ARA victimization and perpetration. Parent-adolescent dyads recruited from clinic and community-based settings in Pittsburgh and Kansas City completed matched surveys. Parent-adolescent acculturation and discrimination differences were calculated using multilevel linear models. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations among ARA victimization and perpetration and adolescent-reported acculturation, adolescent-reported discrimination, and adolescent-parent acculturation and discrimination differences. One hundred eighty-two adolescents and their parent/caregiver (n = 364) completed a matched survey in English or Spanish from March 2020 to March 2021. Forty-three percent of adolescents reported that they had started dating; of these 35% and 24% reported ARA victimization and perpetration, respectively. Higher levels of adolescent-reported acculturation conflict were associated with lower ARA victimization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.24; 95% confidence interval, CI [0.08, 0.75]); conversely, higher adolescent-reported discrimination was associated with ARA victimization (aOR: 2.50 [1.30, 4.60]) and perpetration (aOR: 2.10 [1.10, 3.90]). Wider adolescent-parent acculturation differences in Spanish language (aOR: 3.40 [1.04, 11.30]) and interpersonal discrimination (aOR: 2.40 [1.10, 5.20]) were associated with increased ARA victimization. Results underscore the importance of discrimination in understanding ARA experiences among Latine youth. Future work should consider developing culturally and linguistically affirming ARA prevention programs for Latine adolescents and parents.

Hyped-up or meditate: A scoping review of mindfulness-based group interventions for adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The objective of this scoping review is to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness training in improving functioning in adolescents (aged 12-19years) diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Previous research has demonstrated that psychological interventions improve functioning in a myriad of domains for individuals diagnosed with ADHD, such as attention training, interpersonal relationships, and social skills. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) are indicated as an intervention in attention training. It maybe argued that group based MBI programmes should begin early, for children and adolescents at a time that is critical in their development. Methods and reporting are in line with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, the protocol is preregistered in the (Open Science Framework register). The study outcomes included attention, impulsivity, and relationships of adolescents with ADHD. Findings demonstrated preliminary evidence for the use of group-based mindfulness interventions with adolescents continues to be nascent. Although studies reported positive results, the evidence of its effectiveness for adolescents with ADHD is inconclusive, due to limited studies available and the limitations of the study design. This scoping review provides a panorama of MBI for ADHD adolescents.

The Mediating Effect of Social Anxiety in the Effect of Shyness on Peer Relationships in Early Adolescents: Centered on Interpersonal Anxiety and Performance Anxiety

The Mediating Effect of Social Anxiety in the Effect of Shyness on Peer Relationships in Early Adolescents: Centered on Interpersonal Anxiety and Performance Anxiety

Sleepless in the Pursuit of perfection: A longitudinal investigation of bidirectional relationships between insomnia and perfectionism in Adolescent males and females

Study objectivesPerfectionism is a possible risk factor for insomnia, yet longitudinal evidence of this relationship in adolescence is lacking. Cross-sectional evidence suggests the nature of the relationship may differ based on biological sex, and the form of perfectionism, since socially prescribed and self-oriented critical perfectionism are conceptualised as maladaptive for wellbeing, while self-oriented striving may be adaptive or neutral. This study aimed to investigate longitudinal bidirectional relationships between total perfectionism, and sub-forms of perfectionism (i.e., socially prescribed, self-oriented critical, self-oriented striving perfectionism), and symptoms of insomnia, over the course of mid-adolescence. Longitudinal models were examined for males and females separately. Methods434 adolescents (Mage = 14.25, SD = 0.56, range = 13–16, 52 % male) completed questionnaire measures of perfectionism (Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale) and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) on three annual occasions (at approximately 14, 15 & 16 years of age). Data were from the larger Risks to Adolescent Wellbeing (RAW) Project. ResultsBiological sex did not moderate the association between insomnia symptoms and any form of perfectionism. Cross-lagged panel models showed no longitudinal relationship between self-oriented striving, nor self-oriented critical perfectionism and insomnia symptoms for males or females. Higher total perfectionism predicted moderate increases in insomnia symptoms for males and females, but insomnia symptoms did not predict changes in total perfectionism. Socially prescribed perfectionism and insomnia symptoms predicted large and moderate increases in one another over time, respectively, forming a perpetuating cycle. ConclusionsResults suggest that perfectionism may be an important risk factor for insomnia symptoms in adolescents.

Alcohol Abuse and Physical Violence towards a Partner: How Can We Attenuate the Relationship? A Study on Emotional Dysregulation in Adolescents.

The previous literature has revealed the relationship between alcohol abuse and violent behaviours; however, the results are not always conclusive, highlighting the need to explore other variables that allow us to establish risk profiles. The goal is to examine whether the relation between alcohol abuse and physical violence towards a partner can be influenced (moderate) by difficulties in emotional regulation. A public high school in Manabí (Ecuador). A total of 1519 high school students with ages between 14 and 18 years (mean = 15.77, SD = 1.22), with 54% (n = 820) being male. The measures we observed were alcohol abuse (i.e., frequency of alcohol abuse in the past 30 days), physical violence exercised towards a partner (Violence Received, Exercised and Perceived in Dating Relationships of Young People and Adolescents) and emotional dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale; DERS). It is observed that there exists significantly higher alcohol abuse in males, regardless of their age, as well as more physical violence by adolescent males towards their partners. Direct effects of alcohol abuse on physical intimate partner violence are observed in males from the age of 16 and in females from the age of 14. Moreover, the direct effects of different emotional dysregulation strategies on physical violence depend on gender. The moderating effects of emotional dysregulation strategies between alcohol abuse and physical intimate partner violence are observed only in the case of adolescent females (16-17 years). In particular, emotional dysregulation variables such as non-awareness, impulse, nonacceptance, or lack of strategies interfere as moderators in the relationship between excessive alcohol abuse and physical violence towards a partner. In the case of non-awareness, contrary to the other three, when scores are low or moderate, a statistically significant relationship between alcohol abuse and violence is observed.

Intersections of family expressiveness and adolescent mental health: exploring parent–adolescent relationships as a mediator

Purpose This study investigates the mediating role of parent−adolescent relationships in the impact of family emotional expressiveness on adolescent psychological adjustment. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which positive family dynamics and strong parent−child bonds influence adolescents' psychological resilience and well-being. Design/methodology/approach The study involved 463 middle school students (241 boys and 222 girls) from Chlef, Algeria. Data was collected using the self-expressiveness in the family questionnaire (SEFQ), the parent−adolescent relationship scale (PARS) and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Descriptive statistics, correlations and mediation analysis were performed to examine the relationships among family emotional expressiveness, parent−adolescent relationships and psychological adjustment. Findings The results reveal moderate positive correlations among family emotional expressiveness, parent−adolescent relationships and psychological adjustment. Mediation analysis indicates that parent−adolescent relationships partially mediate the effects of family emotional expressiveness on psychological outcomes, with both direct and indirect effects being statistically significant. Originality/value This study contributes to the field of mental health by exploring the nuanced interplay between family dynamics, parent−adolescent relationships and psychological adjustment within the Algerian cultural context. While the quantitative nature of the study limits the depth of contextual insights, the findings underscore the importance of considering family emotional expressiveness and the quality of parent−adolescent relationships in interventions aimed at promoting adolescent psychological well-being. The study highlights the partial mediating role of parent−adolescent relationships, indicating that other factors may also influence the association between family expressiveness and adolescent adjustment. This emphasizes the need for a comprehensive, culturally-sensitive approach that addresses various influences on adolescent development. It should be noted that while the family unit and parenting styles have been extensively researched, this study offers a fresh perspective by focusing on these dynamics within a specific cultural setting.

The cross-lagged relationship between adolescent school bullying and loneliness——The predictive role of childhood emotional maltreatment

School bullying and loneliness have become common problems in adolescent interpersonal relationships. The increase of school bullying in recent years is closely related to adolescents’ loneliness, and loneliness may also affect the implementation of school bullying. Meanwhile, childhood emotional maltreatment plays an important role in interpersonal relationship problems triggered by adolescence, which has attracted a lot of attention from researchers. The purpose of this study was to explore the mutual and transactional relationship between loneliness and school bullying under childhood emotional maltreatment. A total of 1214 Chinese high school students (Mage = 15.46, SD = 0.71) completed the measures of childhood emotional maltreatment, loneliness, and school bullying. They provided data in three waves (T1, T2, and T3, 6 months apart). The results reality that loneliness under childhood emotional abuse and school bullying are correlated and that childhood emotional abuse significantly predicts loneliness and school bullying in adolescence. Specifically, loneliness positively predicted school bullying, but the predictive effect of school bullying on loneliness was influenced by gender. Moreover, childhood emotional maltreatment can lead to the perpetration of school bullying by triggering loneliness in adolescents. The results of the study, although unexpected, also reveal social problems and provide new ideas for studying adolescent interpersonal problems.

The Relationship of Adolescents’ Self-Attitude and the Choice of Preferred Behavior Style in a Conflict Situation

Adolescence is a difficult period of sexual and psychological maturation. The transition from childhood to adulthood takes place at this stage with all aspects of development: physical, mental, moral, social, as a result of which qualitative new formations are created. The main new formation of this age is the development of self-awareness. The self-awareness demonstrated by a teenager leads to the formation of a relatively stable level of self-esteem and ambition, which creates a request for independence, self-affirmation, and recognition of one’s rights by adults. During adolescence, the formation of self-awareness and self-esteem is greatly influenced by communication with peers. For the process of successful socialization and adaptation of a teenager, a person’s interpersonal relationships play an important role, on which a person’s mental and psychological health and the success of educational activities also depend. During socialization, personal characteristics, consciousness and self-awareness with its components are formed, which, in turn, have a great influence on interpersonal relationships, the emergence and overcoming of interpersonal conflicts. Подростковый возраст – сложный период сексуального и психологического взросления. На этом этапе происходит переход от детства к взрослости со всеми сторонами развития: физическим, психическим, нравственным, социальным, в результате чего формируются новообразования. Главным новообразованием этого возраста является развитие самосознания. Самосознание, проявляемое подростком, приводит к формированию относительно стабильного уровня самооценки и амбиций, что создает потребность в независимости, самоутверждении, признании своих прав со стороны взрослых. В подростковом возрасте на формирование самосознания и самооценки большое влияние оказывает общение со сверстниками. Для процесса успешной социализации и адаптации подростка важную роль играют межличностные отношения человека, от которых также зависит психическое и психологическое здоровье человека, успех учебной деятельности. В ходе социализации формируются личностные характеристики, сознание и самосознание с его компонентами, которые, в свою очередь, оказывают большое влияние на межличностные отношения, возникновение и преодоление межличностных конфликтов. Դեռահասության տարիքը աձնավորության կյանքի սեռական և հոգեբանական հասունացման դժվար շրջանն է: Մանկությունից հասունության անցումը այս փուլում տեղի է ունենում զարգացման բոլոր` ֆիզիկական, մտավոր, բարոյական, սոցիալական կողմերով, որի արդյունքում ձևավովում են որակական նոր կազմավորումներ: Այս տարիքի հիմնական նորագոյացությունը ինքնագիտակցության զարգացումն է: Դեռահասի մոտ դրսևորվող ինքնագիտակցությունը հանգեցնում է հարաբերականորեն կայուն ինքնագնահատականի և հավակնությունների մակարդակի ձևավորմանը, որն էլ ինքնուրույնության, ինքնահաստատման, մեծահասակների կողմից իր իրավունքների ճանաչման պահանջմունք է առաջացնում: Դեռահասի հաջող սոցիալականացման և հարմարման գործընթացի համար կարևոր դեր ունեն անձի միջանձնային հարաբերությունները, որոնցից կախված է նաև անձի հոգեկան ու հոգեբանական առողջությունը, ուսումնական գործունեության հաջողությունը: Սոցիալականացման ընթացքում ձևավորվում են անձնային առանձնահատկությունները, գիտակցությունն ու ինքնագիտակցությունն իր բաղադրիչներով, որոնք իրենց հերթին մեծ ազդցություն ունեն միջանձնային հարաբերությունների ու միջանձնային կոնֆլիկտների առաջացման ու հաղթահարման վրա:

Unveiling the hidden connections: network analysis of depressive symptoms, internet addiction, and attachment in Chinese children and adolescents

BackgroundChildren and adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) often grapple with significant non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), linked to interpersonal challenges, insecure attachment, and internet addiction. This study explores these relationships in children and adolescents using network analysis, drawing data from seven hospitals in China.ResultsThe study included 162 youths with depressive disorder and 102 healthy controls from seven hospitals. The MDD + NSSI group exhibited severe internet addiction, heightened depressive symptoms, and insecure attachment. Network analysis identified central symptoms (compulsive use) and key bridge symptoms (tolerance symptoms) in the networks related to depressive symptoms, internet addiction, and attachments. These findings suggest potential targets for intervention among children and adolescents at risk for or suffering from depression.ConclusionsThis study sheds light on the intricate relationship between NSSI, attachment issues, and internet addiction in Chinese adolescents with MDD. The network analysis pinpointed central and key bridge symptoms, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions in children and adolescents at risk for or experiencing depression and associated challenges.