Adolescent Problems Research Articles

Development of Stunting Prevention Education Videos through Balanced Nutrition Arrangements for Adolescents

Stunting in children contributes to adolescent nutrition problems because adolescent nutrition affects the health quality of the next generation. Adolescent malnutrition, such as iron and protein deficiencies, impacts reproductive health and increases the risk of giving birth to stunted children. Therefore, it is important to carry out adolescent nutritional interventions to prevent stunting as early as possible. This research aims to produce educational videos that are feasible and effective in increasing knowledge about stunting and balanced nutrition with the target group of adolescents. This research is a Development Research using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. The data analysis applied a one-to-one test and a small-group test. The one-to-one test obtained a percentage of 89% indicating that the video design is in a good category with revision. The small-group test reached 92% indicating that it is categorized as very good but some suggestions for improvement are recommended. The suggested revision is not fundamental because it is only related to the selection of vocabulary to be understood better by the target. Another recommendation is the background musical illustrations that possibly distract the targets’ attention. After some improvements, it is recommended that this educational video be disseminated through social media platforms such as WhatsApp Group or Instagram so that more teenagers can access it.

Examining Links Between Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Time Spent Alone, and Indices of Internalizing Problems in Childhood and Early Adolescence

Examining Links Between Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Time Spent Alone, and Indices of Internalizing Problems in Childhood and Early Adolescence

Модель психологічного супроводу підлітків з порушенням зору

The article addresses the pressing issue of developing a model of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments. Adolescents' personality development during their school time ultimately determines their opportunities for successful social integration into society in future. Therefore, the need for psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments proves increasingly relevant. The aim of this study is to analyze scientific views on the essence of psychological support as a phenomenon and develop a model of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments, which can contribute to their individual development and socialization. The analysis of scientific principles and approaches to the issue of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments has allowed us to reveal the essence of support as a psychological phenomenon and develop a model of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments. Scientists have established that adolescence requires systematic support, comprehensive psychological support in the process of personal growth at this complex stage of maturation. We argue that psychological support is a process of organizing and conducting a comprehensive system of psychological measures that help an individual to optimize their mental health condition, effectively adapt and develop progressively. Support system is proved to be based on a theoretical model, a set of conceptual provisions and technologies, which is focused on the content of the development problems of adolescents in various social systems. Three leading constructive principles of the support system have been identified. The first principle calls for a change in research paradigm—from exploring psychic phenomena and manifestations to studying the laws of personality development for persons with visual impairments. The second principle characterizes a change in the paradigm of acting upon the support system, urging and wishing, providing equal opportunities in decision-making. The third conceptual provision is identifying the ground to develop means and methods. A model of psychological support for adolescents with visual impairments has been developed within the social system of "students - educators - parents". It combines managerial and psychological aspects. The theoretical significance of the study is the analysis of scientific views on the essence of psychological support as a phenomenon. The practical significance is the development of a psychological support model for adolescents with visual impairments, which can contribute to their personal growth and socialization. The prospects for further research in this area entail empirical verification of this psychological support model in terms of its effectiveness for adolescents with visual impairments.

Relations between adolescent perceptions of household chaos and externalizing and internalizing behaviors in low- and middle-income families.

A large body of literature has established that chaos in the home environment, characterized by high levels of disorganization, lack of household routine, crowding, noise, and unpredictability, undermines social-emotional and behavioral development in early childhood. It is less clear whether household chaos is linked to elevated risk for behavior problems in adolescence. The aims of this study were 3fold: (1) characterize the variability of adolescent and caregiver reports of household chaos over time; (2) examine associations among caregiver and adolescent reports of chaos over a 9-month period; (3) consider how between- and within- individual variability in household chaos predicts adolescent externalizing and internalizing problems. This study drew data from the Family Income Dynamics study, a 9-month longitudinal study. Participants included 104 adolescents between 14 and 16 years old (55% female; M age = 14.85) and their caregiver (92% female) from low- and middle-income families. Results showed that adolescent-reports of household chaos were more variable over time compared to caregivers' reports. Adolescent-reports of household chaos had positive within- and between-level associations with externalizing problems and between-level associations with internalizing, while caregiver-reports of chaos had no links to behavior. This work highlights the importance of adolescents' own perceptions of household chaos when considering its links to adolescent development.

Machine learning approach to investigate pregnancy and childbirth risk factors of sleep problems in early adolescence: Evidence from two cohort studies

BackgroundThis study aimed to predict early adolescent sleep problems using pregnancy and childbirth risk factors through machine learning algorithms, and to evaluate model performance internally and externally. MethodsData from the China Jintan Child Cohort study (CJCC; n=848) for model development and the US Healthy Brain and Behavior Study (HBBS; n=454) for external validation were employed. Maternal pregnancy histories, obstetric data, and adolescent sleep problems were collected. Several machine learning techniques were employed, including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, logistic regression, random forest, naïve bayes, extreme gradient boosting, decision tree, and neural network. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and root mean square of residuals were used to evaluate model performance. ResultsKey predictors for CJCC adolescents’ sleep problems include gestational age, birthweight, duration of delivery, and maternal happiness during pregnancy. In HBBS adolescents, the duration of postnatal depressive emotions was the primary perinatal predictor. The prediction models developed in the CJCC had good-to-excellent internal validation performance but poor performance in predicting the sleep problems in HBBS adolescents. ConclusionThe identification of specific perinatal risk factors associated with adolescent sleep problems can inform targeted interventions during and after pregnancy to mitigate these risks. Health providers should consider integrating these predictive factors into routine pre- and postnatal assessments to identify at-risk populations. The variability in model performance across different cohorts highlights the need for context-specific models and the cautious application of predictive analytics across diverse populations. Future research should focus on refining predictive models to account for such variations, potentially through the incorporation of additional socio-cultural factors and genetic markers. This study emphasizes the importance of personalized and culturally sensitive approaches in the prediction and management of adolescent sleep problems, leveraging advanced computational methods to enhance maternal and child health outcomes.

ESTIMATION OF RESVERATROL AND GLABRIDIN IN GEL FORMULATION BY UV SPECTROSCOPY

Acne and hyperpigmentation are the most common problems in adolescents globally. Resveratrol and glabridin are proven to be effective against acne and hyperpigmentation. We developed a gel comprising these two actives for acne and hyperpigmentation treatment. The purpose was to establish a reliable UV method of analysis for quantification of resveratrol and glabridin, with high precision and accuracy. UV spectral analysis indicated 306nm and 281nm to be the λmax for resveratrol and glabridin, respectively, in methanol. The linearity studies conducted as per ICH guidelines Q2 R1 resulted in a correlation coefficient (r2 ) of 0.99. This method was used to assay the developed gel for resveratrol and glabridin content and demonstrated the suitability of this UV spectroscopic method for simultaneous quantification. It can be applied for other delivery systems with slight modification.

What Emotion Regulation Strategies are Associated with a General Psychopathology Factor (p) in Adolescence? Identifying Possible Transdiagnostic Targets for Intervention.

Mental health problems in adolescence are increasing and there is an urgent call for transdiagnostic interventions, as most adolescents experience problems across multiple domains. Research has identified a general psychopathology factor (p) capturing the shared variance across mental health problems. In parallel, there is empirical support for the transdiagnostic nature of emotion regulation. In the current study, we explore the associations between p and emotion regulation strategies to identify which strategies may be promising targets for intervention. Data from the population-based Youth and Mental Health Study (YAMHS) (N = 2,464, mean age 13.7years, SD 0.6) was used. The fit of different structural models of emotion regulation and psychopathology were compared, and latent factors from the final models were included in multiple regression analyses to explore the associations between p and emotion regulation strategies. A bifactor exploratory structural equation model (B-ESEM) showed best fit for modelling p. For emotion regulation strategies, an ESEM model showed best fit, including Rumination, Reactive Impulsivity, Distraction, Non-Acceptance, Problem Solving, Social Support, and Proactive Behavior. Results showed that a higher score on p was predicted by higher scores on the emotion regulation strategies Rumination (β = .38, p < .001) and Reactive Impulsivity (β = .35, p < .001), and lower scores on Problem Solving (β = -.15, p < .001). The results indicate that Rumination and Reactive Impulsivity have the strongest associations with p and may be promising targets for mental health interventions for adolescents.

Environmental sensitivity moderates the longitudinal effect of fathers' positive parenting on mental disorders in Chinese adolescents

BackgroundExposure to fathers' positive parenting has been associated reducing mental disorder symptoms during adolescence, evidence on the mechanisms underlying this association is lacking. One potential mechanism linking fathers' positive parenting and mental disorders is environmental sensitivity (ES). Here we studied whether the increased positive behaviors of both parents (1) separately, (2) relatively, (3) and jointly predict reduced depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, suicidal ideation (SI), and increased well-being in Chinese adolescents. Additionally we investigated (4) whether ES moderates these relationships. MethodsThis study involving 7010 Chinese adolescents (55.6 % girls) aged 15 to 18 from six junior high schools in Shaanxi, China was conducted at four timepoints. ES was assessed using the Highly Sensitive Child (HSC) scale at ages 15 and 16, parental positive behaviors using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) at ages 16 and 17, and psychopathology symptoms using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) Inventory at ages 17 and 18. Results(1) Multilevel analyses revealed that increased positive parenting predicted reduced psychiatric disorder symptoms and improved well-being; (2) trend interaction indicated that the compensatory effect of fathers' positive parenting was stronger in alleviating mental problems in adolescents than that of mothers'; (3) Simple slope analyses suggested that both high levels of fathers' and mothers' positive parenting predicted fewer subsequent psychiatric disorder symptoms, particularly for sensitive adolescents. LimitationsThis study was limited to its generalizability to the Western Chinese adolescents. ConclusionsSubstantial differences in the effects of positive paternal and maternal parenting highlight the important role of fathers' positive parenting in mental development, especially for highly sensitive adolescents.

Self Management For Adolescents With Emotion Control

Introduction: Emotional problems are conditions where someone experiences psychological distress and psychological change. Although it can recover, the emotional problems can get worse if they are not treated properly. The research aimed to investigate the effect of self-management therapy on emotional control in adolescents in Tuban Regency Methods: The research applied pre-experimental one group pre-test-posttest design. The population was 39 respondents and used simple random sampling. The data were gathered by using questionnaire sheet. statistic test used Wilcoxon test Results: The research results indicated that before self-management therapy was administered, 31 adolescents (79.5%) experienced high/abnormal emotions and 1 adolescent (2.6%) experienced low/normal emotions. After the therapy was administered, 34 adolescents (87.2) experienced low/normal emotions and only 1 adolescent (2.6%) experienced high/abnormal emotions. The data which were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test indicated significance value of p=&lt;0.05 and the significance value of self-management therapy was p=0.000, meaning that there was an effect of self-management therapy on emotional control in adolescents Conclusion: To control emotional problems in adolescents, one of the alternatives is by providing self-management therapy Keywords: Adolescents, Emotional control, Self-management therapy

Prevalence and associated factors of lipodystrophy in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia

IntroductionLipodystrophy can cause poor glycemic control in addition to cosmetic problems in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, data on its prevalence and associated factors is scarce among children and adolescents who live in developing countries like Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and identify associated factors of lipodystrophy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus who visited the endocrinology clinic of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital between May 1 and July 31, 2020.MethodThis was an institution-based cross-sectional study conducted on 57 children and 65 adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus who had been taking insulin injections for a year or more. The dependent variable was lipodystrophy. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to collect data related to lipodystrophy and other characteristics. The principal investigator oversaw the data collection, which was done by pediatric and child health specialty residents with training. Data was subjected to descriptive statistics, and predictors of lipodystrophy were identified by fitting a multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.ResultsMore than half (53.3%) of patients were in the age range of 13 to 17. The male-to-female ratio was almost 1:1. Educational status for 63.1% of patients was primary school. Four-fifths of patients were residing in urban areas. Of the 122 participants, 60 (49.2%) had lipodystrophy (48.3% lipohypertrophy and 0.8% lipoatrophy), with grade II lipohypertrophy being the most common type at 81.7%. The thigh was the most common site of lipodystrophy. In multivariable regression analysis, the long duration of insulin injection (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI, 1.5 to 9.0, p = 0.005) and inappropriate rotation of the injection site (AOR = 9.0, 95% CI, 2.2 to 37.0, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with lipodystrophy. HbA1c testing was conducted for 70 patients, and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) was found in 43 (61.4%) of them. Patients with lipodystrophy were more likely to have poor glycemic control (75%) than those without lipodystrophy (47.1%) (p = 0.016).ConclusionThe prevalence of lipodystrophy was comparable with other studies. Long duration of insulin injection and improper rotation of the injection site are associated with an increased risk of lipodystrophy. Patients with lipodystrophy were more likely to have poor glycemic control, defined by higher HgA1c, than those without lipodystrophy. Proper education of patients and their parents must include correct injection techniques, rotating injection sites, and changing injection sites intermittently to lessen the risk of developing lipodystrophy.

Gender similarities and differences in non-suicidal self-injury in an adolescent clinical sample

ABSTRACT Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) continues to be an important problem in adolescents, and it was aimed to investigate the relationship between suicide probability, cyberbullying, impulsivity, and aggression with NSSI history in the adolescent clinical population on the basis of gender. 267 adolescents with a history of NSSI and 210 without were included. They filled the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS), Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Screening Scale (COASS), Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-Short Form (BIS-11-SF). Four subscales and total scores of SPS, BPAQ, BIS-11-SF total scores were found to be significantly higher in males with a history of NSSI. BPAQ, BIS-11-SF motor, and attention impulsiveness, BIS-11-SF total scores, four subscales, and total scores of SPS were found to be significantly higher in females with a history of NSSI. Lower BIS-11-SF non-planning impulsivity, higher SPS/suicide ideation and hostility scores, and lower father’s education level were found to be the best predictive factors for ISAS total scores in males. In females, experience cyberbullying, lower age, higher SPS/suicide ideation and total scores were the best predictors. Knowing the factors associated with NSSI and the differences between genders will be effective in both preventing NSSI and shaping treatment modalities.

Associations of health literacy and sleep quality with depressive symptoms in Turkish adolescents: A descriptive cross-sectional study

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the associations of health literacy and sleep quality with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Design and methodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 1081 high school students in Turkey. The data were collected online using the Health Literacy for School-Aged Children Scale, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data obtained from the scales. ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and low health literacy was 78.4%, 70.6%, and 11.3%, respectively. Sleep problems were significantly positively correlated with depressive symptoms (OR = 4.187, 95% CI: 2.998 —5.848). The students who were experiencing sleep problems and had low health literacy were at risk of the most severe depressive symptoms (OR = 12.696, 95% CI: 5.122—31.474). ConclusionsOverall, depressive symptoms and sleep problems were common among the adolescents in the study sample. The students who had sleep problems and low health literacy were at an increased risk for depressive symptoms. Practical implicationsTo prevent mental health problems in adolescents, intervention programs focused on increasing the health literacy levels and improving sleep quality in this population are recommended.

„Dzisiaj wymiotowałam po raz ostatni”. Zaburzenia odżywiania w Sobibor Jeana Molli

This article discusses the problem of eating disorders in Sobibor, a Young Adult novel by the French writer Jean Molla in the light of illness narrative studies, the sick body aesthetics and physical sickness. The article goes over the narrator’s list of possible causes of her psychosomatic condition, i.e. family tensions, social pressure to conform to the prevailing beauty canon, and her own rebellion against the female identity. Emily’s narration combines two strands, a struggle with adolescent personal problems and the discovery of a nasty family secret. An analysis of her experiences and reflections reveals the connections between the anorexia/bulimia syndrome and the effects of a generational trauma. Her condition is complicated further by the revelation of her late grandfather’s Nazi past, an exemplary case of post-memory trauma. The article suggests that her anorexic vomiting is a an iconic gesture corresponding to the writing (i.e. getting something off one’s chest) of the story of her traumas (both her own and inherited from an earlier generation).

Effect of skipping on body mass index, waist to hip ratio and muscle strength in overweight adolescent girls

Overweight problems in adolescents tend to increase, with obese nutritional status prevalence for Indonesian teenagers in group aged–13-15 and 16-18 years respectively 11,2% and 9,5%. This study aimed to analyze the effect of skip training on the body mass index for age z-score (BAZ), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and muscle strength in overweight adolescent girls. The method of this research was a quasi-experimental design using a subject study of 28 female students, which were divided into two groups: those age between 15-18 years old. The research was conducted at Senior High School 1 West Sumatra and Batipuh from October to December 2023. The skipping group received 4-8 minutes of exercise 3 times per week for 8 weeks of intervention. The statistical analysis employed a paired t-test and simple regression linear test. The results of this study revealed that skipping intervention had a significant effect on the reduction of BAZ (p&lt;0,05; R2=0,286) and WHR (p&lt;0,05; R2=0,174) in the skipping group compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the muscle strength between the skipping and control groups (p&gt;0,05; R2=0,049). In conclusion, skipping for a duration of 4-8 minutes conducted three times a week for 8 weeks, which reduced the value of BAZ and WHR in adolescent girls.

The mediator role of negative and positive automatic thoughts between attachment quality towards significant others and adolescents’ internalizing problems

Previous studies found that the insecure attachment of adolescents towards their mother, father, and peers leads to more internalizing problems and maladaptive cognitive processes (for example, low self-esteem). However, the dynamic between the attachment of adolescents, negative and positive automatic thoughts, and internalizing problems of adolescents is not well understood. The present study proposed and tested a theoretical model in which positive and negative automatic thoughts mediate the relationship between the attachment of adolescents towards their parents and peers and the internalizing problems of adolescents. A clinical sample of adolescents (N=105; mean age = 16.60), diagnosed with internalizing disorders, have filled out the evaluations for this study. All analyses were conducted in RStudio, and the mediation models were tested using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling. Our main results are that positive and negative automatic thoughts mediate the relationship between adolescents’ parents- and peer-related attachment and internalizing problems. The biological sex and age of adolescents did not moderate any of the paths in the model. Parents and peer attachment, along with positive and negative automatic thoughts, explained 57 % of the variance in the internalizing problems of adolescents. The main findings of the paper are discussed, and the main caveats are underlined.

Neural mechanisms of inhibitory control in preadolescent irritability: Insights from the ABCD study

ObjectiveElevated pediatric irritability is a transdiagnostic symptom that predicts multiple mental health problems in adolescence and adulthood. Altered top-down regulatory networks, such as inhibitory control networks that suppress an impulse in favor of goal-directed behavior, are thought to contribute to high levels of youth irritability. Nevertheless, little work has examined links between youth irritability and neural processes supporting inhibitory control in large diverse samples, nor have they focused on the key period ramping up to adolescence (i.e., preadolescence). MethodFunctional MRI data from 5380 preadolescents (age M=9.97 years, SD=0.62) in the baseline Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were analyzed. Parents reported on their preadolescent’s irritability. The stop signal task (SST) was leveraged to probe successful and failed inhibitory control. Activation and functional connectivity with amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal seed regions were calculated during the SST and used in whole brain and region of interest (ROI) group-level analyses evaluating irritability effects. ResultsPreadolescents with higher levels of irritability displayed decreases in functional connectivity among amygdala, ventral striatum, and prefrontal cortex regions during both successful and failed inhibitory control conditions. These results remained after adjusting for co-occurring anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. ConclusionsFindings suggest neural aberrations in inhibitory control play a role in the pathophysiology of preadolescent irritability and associations are not merely due to co-occurring symptoms. Neural mechanisms of inhibitory control associated with irritability may provide novel intervention targets.

Hubungan Pola Asuh Otoriter terhadap Kesehatan Mental Remaja

Parenting style is one of the methods used by parent to care for and guide children in various ways so that children become adults in accordance with societal norms. The low role of the family in raising children can cause mental health problems in adolescents. This study aims to determine the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and adolescent mental health with the research sample, namely students aged 15-18 years who attend SMK Negeri 6 Surakarta. This research uses a quantitative approach. The data collection method uses two types of scales, namely the authoritarian parenting style scale and the mental health scale. The data analysis technique used is hypothesis testing with product moment correlation analysis. The research result show that there is a relationship between authoritarian parenting and adolescent mental health. This is know from the product correlation test result of 0,117 ≥ 0,005. The higher the authoritarian parenting style of parent, the lower the mental health experienced by teenagers

Adverse childhood experiences and psychological maladjustment in adolescence: The protective role of epistemic trust, mentalized affectivity, and reflective functioning.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are psychosocial factors acknowledged as significant contributors to health consequences later in adolescence, including psychological maladjustment. The research suggests that, at a transdiagnostic and transtheoretical level, working on restoring epistemic trust (ET), mentalized affectivity (MA), and reflective functioning (RF) in adolescents with ACEs assumes a central role in the therapeutic process. However, there are still few studies that attempted to investigate the specific role of these sociocognitive factors in the detrimental positive association between levels of experienced ACEs during childhood and psychological maladjustment in nonclinical adolescents. A community sample of 306 Italian cisgender adolescents (61.4% assigned females at birth; age range 13-19 years old; Mage = 16.1, SD = 1.64) self-reported ACEs (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form), psychological maladjustment (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), ET (Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity Questionnaire), MA (Brief-Mentalized Affectivity Scale for Adolescence), and RF (Reflective Functioning Questionnaire). A multiple mediation regression analysis has been performed to explore the association between ACEs and psychological maladjustment through the interaction with socio-cognitive factors. ACEs are positive predictors of psychological maladjustment later in adolescence. Regardless of gender differences, epistemic mistrust and credulity, processing and expressing emotions, and uncertainty about mental states mediated this association, while epistemic trust, identifying emotions, and certainty about mental states did not configure as significant mediators. Findings suggest that ET disruptions and deficits in RF are risk factors, while MA is a protective factor within the link between ACEs and psychological maladjustment in adolescence. These links help to specify the role of sociocognitive factors in the development of mental problems in adolescents who have been exposed to adverse experiences in childhood.

The role of functional emotion circuits in distinct dimensions of psychopathology in youth

Several mental disorders emerge during childhood or adolescence and are often characterized by socioemotional difficulties, including alterations in emotion perception. Emotional facial expressions are processed in discrete functional brain modules whose connectivity patterns encode emotion categories, but the involvement of these neural circuits in psychopathology in youth is poorly understood. This study examined the associations between activation and functional connectivity patterns in emotion circuits and psychopathology during development. We used task-based fMRI data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 1221, 8–23 years) and conducted generalized psycho-physiological interaction (gPPI) analyses. Measures of psychopathology were derived from an independent component analysis of questionnaire data. The results showed positive associations between identifying fearful, sad, and angry faces and depressive symptoms, and a negative relationship between sadness recognition and positive psychosis symptoms. We found a positive main effect of depressive symptoms on BOLD activation in regions overlapping with the default mode network, while individuals reporting higher levels of norm-violating behavior exhibited emotion-specific lower functional connectivity within regions of the salience network and between modules that overlapped with the salience and default mode network. Our findings illustrate the relevance of functional connectivity patterns underlying emotion processing for behavioral problems in children and adolescents.

Connections between Parental Emotion Socialization and Internalizing Problems in Adolescents: Examining the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies and Moderating Effect of Gender.

To explore the mediating effect of emotion regulation strategies on the correlation between parental emotion socialization and internalizing problems in adolescents, as well as the moderating effect of gender, a questionnaire survey was administered to 1078 junior high school students (Mage = 13.96 ± 1.00). The results revealed that supportive parental emotion socialization was negatively correlated with adolescents internalizing problems, whereas non-supportive parental emotion socialization was positively correlated with such problems. Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies functioned as parallel mediators in the relationship between supportive parental emotion socialization and adolescent internalizing problems, while only expressive suppression mediated the correlation between non-supportive emotion socialization and adolescent internalizing problems. Gender did not exhibit a moderating effect on the mediation model. These findings suggest that supportive parental responses to adolescents' negative emotions can reduce the incidence of depression and anxiety by cultivating increased utilization of cognitive reappraisal strategies and decreased reliance on expressive suppression strategies among adolescents, whereas non-supportive responses exacerbate the occurrence of depression and anxiety by promoting greater utilization of expressive suppression strategies. In addition, no significant gender differences were observed in the mediation effects. These findings emphasize the importance of prevention programs focusing on parental emotion socialization in adolescence.