Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Research Articles

Sexual Minority Men’s Perspectives and Experiences of Adolescent Pregnancy Risk and Pregnancy Prevention Behaviors

ABSTRACT Sexual minority men (e.g., gay, bisexual, queer) are more likely than heterosexual men to be involved in an adolescent pregnancy, but little research has been done on the context surrounding this disparity. To address this gap, and as part of the larger Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Pregnancy Experiences (SLOPE) Study, semi-structured interviews and descriptive surveys were conducted with 10 cisgender sexual minority men, ages 29–49, from across the United States. Interview transcripts were analyzed using immersion/crystallization and template organizing style methods, and themes were organized into a conceptual model describing sexual minority men’s debut sexual activity and decision-making experiences during adolescence. This model depicts three themes: 1) partnership and negotiation of sexual experiences, 2) psychological processes related to development, pregnancy, and sexuality, and 3) cultural and environmental contexts. These three themes are contextualized by a throughline of transformative life events (i.e., the existence and chronology of life-impacting events). Findings indicate a complex interplay of psychological (e.g., developmental processes surrounding sexuality and sexual orientation), social (e.g., personal relationships), and policy-level factors (e.g., sex education) influence sexual minority men’s sexuality and pregnancy prevention decision-making during adolescence. Care should be taken to consider and include sexual minority men in pregnancy prevention messaging and education.

Spatial distribution and factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria: a multi-level analysis

BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy is a global public health and social phenomenon. However, the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy varies between and within countries. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the spatial distribution and factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria.MethodsUsing data from the women’s recode file, a sample of 9448 adolescents aged 15-19 were considered as the sample size for this study. We employed a multilevel and spatial analyses to ascertain the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and its spatial clustering.ResultsThe spatial distribution of adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria ranges from 0 to 66.67%. A high proportion of adolescent pregnancy was located in the Northern parts of Nigeria. The likelihood of adolescent pregnancy in Nigeria was high among those who had sexual debut between 15 to 19 years [aOR = 1.49; 95%(CI = 1.16-1.92)], those who were currently married [aOR = 67.00; 95%(CI = 41.27-108.76)], and adolescents whose ethnicity were Igbo [aOR = 3.73; 95%(CI = 1.04-13.30)], while adolescents who were currently working [aOR = 0.69; 95%(CI = 0.55-0.88)] were less likely to have adolescent pregnancy.ConclusionA high proportion of adolescent pregnancy was located in the Northern parts of Nigeria. In addition, age at sexual debut, educational level, marital status, ethnicity, and working status were associated with adolescent pregnancy. Therefore, it is vital to take cognizant of these factors in designing adolescent pregnancy prevention programs or strengthening existing efforts in Nigeria.

Public policy on the prevention of subsequent adolescent pregnancy: what type of policy prevails?

This study aims to conduct a search of public-policy instruments seeking explicit references to subsequent adolescent pregnancy, as well as to discern what kinds of actions have been proposed as part of the international and national agendas to facilitate subsequent adolescent pregnancy prevention and care. During June 2021, we used an integrative review to search and to analyze national and international public policy instruments along with other documents related to subsequent adolescent pregnancy. We observed, for each, the presence of statements on subsequent adolescent pregnancy. The research team was then divided into triads to discuss and to classify each reference under one of the following categories: (a) a symbolic statement, that is, an intention not implying a specific action but rather presenting a vision for the future; (b) a substantive-material statement concerning an action intended to solve a problem; and (c) a procedural-material statement indicating specific actions, processes, budgets, and actors. We analyzed a total of 135 public-policy documents: 102 in Mexico and 33 internationally. Only four national and six international documents contained either symbolic or substantive-material references to the subject of interest and only one specified a procedural-material statement. The prevention and care of subsequent adolescent pregnancy are addressed only secondarily on the public agendas. Only a minimal number of actions comprise specific and standardized measures to prevent subsequent adolescent pregnancy according to the different actors involved. Designing a greater number of procedural-material policies will help to reduce morbidity and mortality in the mother-child binomial and promote a comprehensive development of this population.

Adolescent pregnancy, public policies, and targeted programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review.

ABSTRACTObjective.To present and assess evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) on public policies and targeted programs which may have influenced variations in adolescent pregnancy or its proximate determinants, and to identify knowledge gaps that require further research.Methods.A systematic review was performed based on the 2015 PRISMA protocol. Five databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2019 that refer to at least one country in LAC. The outcomes of interest were adolescent pregnancy or its proximate determinants (sexual behavior, contraceptive use, and/ or abortion). Only studies exploring correlations between the outcomes of interest and public policies or targeted programs were included in the analysis.Results.Thirty studies spanning 14 countries were selected for analysis. Twenty-three of these (77%) were not included in prior systematic reviews on adolescent pregnancy. Public policies related to conditional cash transfers and compulsory education have the strongest evidence of correlation with adolescent pregnancy prevention. Emerging research points to the potential positive impact of life-skills programs for adolescents. Evidence from public health policies and programs was limited.Conclusions.Further research which incorporates an intersectional analysis is needed to better understand which policies and programs could lead to steeper declines in adolescent pregnancy in the region. Evidence on effects of expanded family planning services and secondary school attainment upon adolescent pregnancy are particularly absent.

Adolescent pregnancy prevention in rural Indonesia: a participatory action research.

Adolescent pregnancy remains a difficult problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Pregnancy at an early age is a risk factor for maternal and infant mortality. A recent report indicates that adolescent pregnancy is even higher in rural areas. Therefore, this study aims to identify factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in rural Indonesia and formulate intervention actions to reduce the teenage pregnancy rate. Participatory action research (PAR) was conducted in the rural area of Mesuji District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Six meetings, including four focus group discussions (FGDs), were held. The FGDs were audio-recorded and transcribed for inductive analysis. Themes emergent from the data were discussed with the local collaborators to achieve agreement. Five factors were identified as determinants of adolescent pregnancy. They were low uptake of reproductive health services, low educational attainment, juvenile delinquency, poverty, and social and cultural norms. The intervention actions taken included income generation and reproductive health education. This study verifies previous studies' findings that adolescent pregnancy determinants are mostly socioeconomic factors. These findings are essential because adolescents in this study setting endure significant disparities in health services and socioeconomic opportunities. Without sufficient intervention relating to these adolescents' needs and perceptions, the gap will continue to grow. Socioeconomic factors influence adolescent pregnancy. Cross-sectoral cooperation and active community participation are needed to address the problem. PAR is useful to explore the causes of health issues and promote active community participation.

Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Pregnancy Prevention Among Native American Youths: A Randomized Controlled Trial, 2016-2018.

Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy of the Respecting the Circle of Life program (RCL) among Native American youths 11 to 19 years of age residing in a rural reservation community in the southwestern United States. Methods. Between 2016 and 2018, we conducted a randomized controlled trial of the RCL program with 534 Native youths. Participants completed assessments at baseline and 9 and 12 months after the intervention. We conducted intention-to-treat analyses based on study group randomization. Results. At 9 months, intervention participants had significantly better condom use self-efficacy (P < .001), higher intentions to use condoms (P = .024) and abstain from sex (P = .008), and better contraceptive use self-efficacy (P < .001) than control participants, as well as better condom use (P = .032) and contraceptive use (P = .002) negotiation skills. At 12 months, intervention participants had significantly better sexual and reproductive health knowledge (P = .021), condom use self-efficacy (P < .001), contraceptive use self-efficacy (P < .001), and contraceptive use negotiation skills (P = .004) than control participants. Intervention participants reported significantly more communication with their parents about sexual and reproductive health than control participants at both 9 and 12 months (P = .042 and P = .001, respectively). Conclusions. The RCL program has a significant impact on key factors associated with pregnancy prevention among Native youths and should be used as an adolescent pregnancy prevention strategy. Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.govidentifier: NCT02904629. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10): 1874-1884. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306447).

Community service learning in the teen outreach program in non-metropolitan florida high schools

ABSTRACT Engagement of adolescents with their communities has been associated with lower rates of adolescent pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively analyze Community Service Learning activities in the Teen Outreach Program (TOP) on a variety of dimensions. Data analyzed included CSL records submitted by TOP facilitators during the 2014–2015 school year implementation of TOP in non-metropolitan high schools in a Southeastern US state. CSL records included quantitative components such as type of projects, hours, and student participation. Qualitative data included thematic analysis of open-ended responses to questions regarding stages of CSL. A majority of projects were indirect service, indicating that students did not engage with the community. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing how CSL functions within an implementation of TOP, emphasizing the inclusion of civic participation activities in adolescent pregnancy prevention programs.

Implementation of Local Government Organizations According to the Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention and Solution Act 2016 : Case Study of Health Region 10, Thailand

Background: Pregnancy in adolescence is a global problem. Around the world gives attention and attempts tofind a solution in prevention and resolution of the problem. The purpose of this research is to learn the process ofthe local authorities in complying act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559(2016) : case studies of Health Region 10. Methods: The study was divided into 2 parts is Quantitative research.It is a cross-sectional survey study by questionnaire and interviewingwhich are methods to collect data, analyzinginformation, using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation to describe theinformation of the personal factor, knowledge, comprehensive, attitude, point of views, problems and berriers tothe process of act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016). The sampleand using Pearson correlation coefficient analyze the relationships between variables Operate between August andOctober 2020.Results: The result of the research found that in phase 1 the general information of people who workin reproductive health, the local authorities in complying act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancyproblem, B.E. 2559 (2016) : case studies of Health Region 10 doing survey is women 66.80 percentage, age 36 –45 years 51.60 percentage, mostly working in Subdistrict Administrative Organization 64.80 percentage, years ofworking mean 10.74 years the score of knowledge personnel about act for prevention and solution of the adolescentpregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016) is high level ( X = 8.38 score, S.D. = 2.10) and the score of Comprehensivemedium level ( X =7.42 score, S.D. = 1.32). The people who work in reproductive health the local authoritiescomplying pay attention in pregnancy in adolescent 54.30 percentage, comprehensive and attitude is high level ( X=3.70 score, S.D. = 0.50). In the Phase 2, the analysis of Pearson Correlation Coefficient) analyzed to the relationshipbetween variables found that the knowledge of the act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancyproblem, B.E. 2559 (2016) (X1) (r=0.164*), the attitude and emphasis about act for prevention and solution of theadolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016) (X3) (r=0.214*) and the point of views in people who work in thelocal authorities complying act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016)(X4) (r=0.369*) have positive relationship with the result of the process in a problem and a barrier in operations ofthe relevant departments according to act for prevention and solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E.2559 (2016), statistically significant at a level of 0.05. The understanding of act for prevention and solution of theadolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016) (X2) (r=-0.108) does not have any relationship with the results ofthe process in a problem and a barrier in the operations of the relevant departments according to act for preventionand solution of the adolescent pregnancy problem, B.E. 2559 (2016), statistically significant at a level of 0.05.Conclusion: In conclusion, this research shows the highest score in Yasothorn province that using strategy of Acttheprevention and resolving of pregnancy in adolescence B.E. 2559 following 5 strategies and added strategy number 6which are religious and culture. Building a family culture of conduct living in adolescents based on traditions in dailylife under the supervision of their parents has been operating models that are suitable for the local. Therefore, thesuccess factor of the operation of Health Region 10 and institution relevant should be given priority by formulatinga policy to lead to further action.

Determinants of Teenage Pregnancy in Indonesia: An Evidence-Based Program

Determinants of Teenage Pregnancy in Indonesia: An Evidence-Based Program

Effect of teaching leadership styles on the prevention of adolescence pregnancy: a case study conducted at Universidad César Vallejo, Peru

Background:In this study we aimed to determine the effect of university teaching and leadership styles at Universidad César Vallejo on the prevention of adolescence pregnancy.Methods: We performed a non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional study, with a correlational descriptive design using a survey. Participants were students in classes enrolled in the starting two semesters at Universidad César Vallejo, Peru. The questionnaire comprised three sections: (I) General demographic data, (II) Teacher leadership styles, and (III) Pregnancy prevention teachings.Results:According to the students (n=793), teaching leadership styles are of three types:Laissezfaire, transactional, and transformational. Types of pregnancy prevention from the students’ standpoint are the following: "high" level of "primary prevention" (44.4%), "medium" level of "tertiary prevention" (36.6%), and "high" level of "secondary prevention" (36.2%). Chi-Square test revealed that the three styles of leadership significantly affect the prevention of pregnancy: transformational (X2= 136.390), transactional (X2= 95.539), andLaissez Faire(X2= 80.557) (p &lt;0.05). Overall, there is a significant impact of university teaching leadership on pregnancy prevention among higher education students (X2= 110,634, p = 0.0000), with a significance level of 5%.Conclusions:It can be concluded that for college students, teaching leadership style significantly affects the prevention of adolescent pregnancy.

A Rapid Review of Interventions to Prevent First Pregnancy among Adolescents and Its Applicability to Latin America.

To summarize recent literature on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent adolescent pregnancy and to explore the applicability of these interventions to Latin America (LA). Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures: We carried out a rapid review of the literature (2005-2019). Studies were included if: they evaluated interventions targeting adolescents and prevention of pregnancy; they used a randomized controlled design; and pregnancy was measured as an outcome. Applicability of the interventions to LA was assessed using the following information: target population; intervention design and resources; type, skills, and training of providers; system arrangements; and acceptability and social context. Nine studies were included, 5 described interventions in African countries, 2 in the United Kingdom, and 2 in the United States. Interventions were rated as highly applicable to LA in the context of target population, profile of the providers, and design; however, variations arose when assessing system arrangements and social context. Incentive-based interventions showed significant effects in the prevention of adolescent pregnancy and were rated as highly applicable. This review provides professionals, policymakers, researchers, and educators potential criteria to consider when adapting successful evidence-based interventions to prevent adolescent pregnancy in LA.

Trauma exposure and adolescent attitudes toward having a baby: An exploratory survey

ObjectivesTo examine the association between childhood trauma exposure (i.e., extent of interpersonal trauma experienced in childhood) and attitudes toward teen parenthood. Study designWe used a cross-sectional sample of 416 urban middle and high school male and female students from Tulsa, OK recruited through a local public school district mailing list. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine odds of reporting having a baby would make life worse, better, or cause no change according to childhood trauma score. ResultsApproximately 8% of students and their guardians responded to the mailed survey invitation. Among the students, 67% reported having a baby would make their lives worse; 17% reported it would not change their lives much, and 16% reported having a baby would make their lives better. Each increase in trauma score was associated with a 9% increase in reporting an indifferent attitude (p < 0.001) and a 15% increase in reporting a positive attitude toward having a baby (p < 0.01). After controlling for a wide range of sociodemographic, attitudinal, and sexual history variables, childhood trauma remained associated with a positive attitude toward having a baby (p<.01), but not an indifferent attitude toward having a baby. ConclusionsGreater childhood trauma exposure is associated with indifferent and positive attitudes toward having a baby during adolescence. ImplicationsScreening for childhood trauma and utilizing interventions designed to reduce the harmful effects of trauma exposure in childhood may offer a more targeted approach to adolescent pregnancy prevention strategies.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТАТЕВОГО ВИХОВАННЯ УЧНІВСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ В КРАЇНАХ ДРУГОЇ ТА ТРЕТЬОЇ ХВИЛЬ ВСТУПУ ДО ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СПІВТОВАРИСТВА

The article analyzes the features of sexual education of students in the countries of the second wave of accession to the European community, where sexual education is an important area of public education policy. It is determined that, as highly developed countries, Austria, Sweden, Finland are characterized by a high level of development of school education, including sex education. Finland and Sweden have a very positive attitude towards sexuality and sex education provided by schools, social services, the church, medical centers, etc., and Austria is characterized by the fact that in order to facilitate dialogue between parents and educational institutions, the Ministry of Education has introduced an educational structure. counseling offices, where young people have the opportunity to benefit from gender assistance. It has been found that sex education remains a controversial issue, as there is a strong religious influence on educational institutions. There is a widespread belief in society that young people become sexually active too early, and knowledge about contraception and STDs does not match the personal experience of modern young people. The Scandinavian member states of the European Union and the Baltic States have created the following system of sex education, which focuses on the following strategic objectives: conducting sex education in secondary schools at an early stage; implementation of special teacher training; implementation of projects whose main goals are the prevention of early sexual life, adolescent pregnancies and abortions, STDs, including AIDS; establishment of associations for the preparation of young people for parenthood, fulfillment of family roles, etc.; involvement in sexual education of the church, social services, medical centers; constant informing young people about contraceptives in order to improve the epidemiological situation in society. It was found that the states of the second wave of accession to the EU are interested in sexual education of students as an important value of society, which is associated with maintaining reproductive and sexual health of citizens, increasing their sexual education, marriage readiness and family. and responsible parenthood. Conclusions are formulated that an important place in the implementation of tasks to improve the national systems of school sex education in the studied countries is the formation of effective gender policy in each country. Key words: education, sex education, student youth, the second wave of accession, the European community.

Parents involvement and barriers of programme interventions to reduce adolescent pregnancy

Adolescent pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy between the ages of 13-19 years, adolescent pregnancy occurs around 25% of women worldwide, but this number continues to decline due to educational support, contraception and prevention strategies for adolescent pregnancy. Evidence shows that there were programme interventions to reduce adolescent pregnancy such as encouraging people to participate in comprehensive prevention of adolescent pregnancy programs and health campaign to avoid unsafe sexual relationships. This scoping review was aimed to map out available evidence related to the parents’ involvement and barriers of programme intervention to reduce adolescent pregnancy. This scoping review followed the framework of Arksey and O'Malley, which consists of identifying the review questions; look for relevant evidence; selecting relevant studies; maping the data; and medicate, conclude and report results. PRISMA flowchart was used to display the evidence search flow. The results of the review indicated that there were 12 included articles from the search process. This review emerged 3 themes: efforts to reduce adolescent pregnancy rates, support for adolescent reproductive health services, barriers to reproductive health services for adolescents. It is important encouragage people to participate in comprehensive adolescent pregnancy prevention programs in including provision of information about the dangers of adolescents’ pregnancy, reproductive health, and maintain positive relationship with the family.

Perfil de adolescentes gestantes e de seus recém-nascidos em município do sul do Brasil

OBJETIVO: descrever o perfil de adolescentes gestantes e de seus recém-nascidos em um município do sul do Brasil. MÉTODO: trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada com base nos dados das declarações de nascidos vivos do município entre os meses de janeiro a dezembro de 2018. Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis numéricas, os testes da correlação linear de Pearson ou Spearman foram utilizados. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p&lt;0,05), utilizando-se medidas de tendência central de variabilidade, frequências absoluta e relativa. RESULTADOS: de 2.974 registros de nascimento, 445 eram de mães adolescentes, resultando num quantitativo de (15%) de gravidez na adolescência. A maioria das adolescentes possuía idade média de 17,5 anos, (62,5%) eram brancas, (92,8%) eram solteiras. Quanto à escolaridade, 61,6% com o ensino fundamental completo; e (87%) ocupação do lar. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significativa ntre o número de consultas de pré-natal e o peso ao nascer dos neonatos de maneira positiva para a idade das gestantes e contexto de vida. CONCLUSÕES: evidenciou-se um expressivo número de adolescentes gestantes, observando-se a necessidade da implementação de estratégias de planejamento familiar pelos programas de prevenção da gravidez na adolescência.

Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy in Anglophone Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review of National Policies.

Background: Despite the existence of preventive policies across sub-Saharan Africa, countries within the sub-region lead global rankings for rates of adolescent pregnancy. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and review national policies on the prevention of adolescent pregnancy in Anglophone sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Relevant policies were identified from searches of national government websites and the search engine Google. Recognised screening and data extraction processes were used; data were subjected to content analysis using a published Framework for Evaluating Program and Policy Design on Adolescent Reproductive Health. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews guidelines was used in reporting the review.Results:In line with the inclusion criteria that guided the selection of relevant policies in this study, 17 of 75 national policies were suitable for the analysis. All were backed by political recognition, were government and public initiatives, acknowledged a range of determinants of adolescent pregnancy and allocated human resources to policy activities. Few specified financial resourcing. Most policies acknowledged the importance of coordination and collaboration among public and private actors. All policies had objectives that addressed adolescent pregnancy but none were measurable or included timeframes. Provision of comprehensive sexuality education and adolescent reproductive health services were the most common recommendations. Monitoring and evaluation plans were present in all the policies. However, youth involvement in policy formulation, and plans for implementation, monitoring and evaluation was scarce. Conclusion: Overall, national policy strengths were seen in relation to their political recognition, and all aspects of policy formulation. Policy implementation strengths and weaknesses were identified, the latter in relation to clear descriptions of financial resources. Importantly, the absence of measurable and time-bound objectives or formal evaluation of policy effectiveness confounds demonstration of what has been delivered and achieved. Youth involvement was notably absent in many policies. For future policy-setting, governments and policy-makers should make efforts to engage young people in policy development and to be transparent, realistic and address the necessary financial resourcing. They should set quantifiable policy objectives that provide a basis for assessing the adoption, uptake and effectiveness of policies in relation to measurable objectives.

Perspectives on Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Strategies in the United States: Looking Back, Looking Forward.

Attempts to solve the “problem of adolescent pregnancy” have long been a focus of national, state, and local efforts in the United States. This review article summarizes trends and strategies around adolescent pregnancy prevention, provides lessons learned and best practices, and presents ideas for future directions. Over the past decades, a wide variety of policy and programmatic interventions have been implemented – including educational efforts, clinical health services, and community-wide coalitions – accompanied by a growing consensus regarding viable solutions. While notable reductions in adolescent pregnancy and childbearing have occurred across all sociodemographic groups, racial/ethnic, geographic, and socioeconomic disparities persist. Many adolescents who most need sexual health information and services are underserved by current programs and policies. A growing understanding of the role of social determinants of health, the impacts of structural racism, and the need for equity and inclusion must inform the next set of interventions and societal commitments to not only ameliorate the occurrence of unintended adolescent pregnancy but also foster healthy adolescent development. Recommendations for future efforts include improving the content, quality, and sustainability of education programs; actively engaging youth in the design of policies, programs, and clinical services; using technology thoughtfully to improve health literacy; expanding access to services through telehealth and other delivery options; and designing programs and policies that recognize and address structural racism, health equity, and inclusion.

Breaking barriers in the prevention of adolescent pregnancies for in-school children in Kirehe district (Rwanda): a mixed-method study for the development of a peer education program on sexual and reproductive health

BackgroundDespite a variety of mainly school-driven prevention strategies, the number of adolescent pregnancies in Rwanda is worryingly high and is even expected to increase. The aim of this study is to empower Kirehe secondary school students aged 15–19 years old in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) by developing a peer education program.MethodsA combination of quantitative and qualitative research will be used. A pre- and post-survey will examine adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes regarding SRH. In addition, six focus group interviews will explore these knowledge, attitudes but also SRH needs more in depth. Based on the obtained information, and after retrieving experts’ input, a peer education program is being developed in which Midwifery students obtain training in SRH and educational skills (= first train-the-trainer module). In turn, these students will educate and train a selected group of secondary school students (= second train the trainer module). Finally, these trained in-school students can act as reliable peers for other in-school students in the context of SRH.DiscussionThe project will contribute to 1) more independent and thoughtful decisions in contraception and sexual behavior, and consequently less adolescent pregnancies, and 2) the reinforcement of the Rwandan Midwifery education.Trial registrationUniversity of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institutional Review Board, Approval No 158/CMHS IRB/2019.

Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Behavior in Indonesia: Internal and External Factors Influencing

BACKGROUND: The reasons behind teenage pregnancy and marriage in Indonesia are the lack of life skills and low self-efficacy. Teenagers with a lack of life skills are more likely to be influenced by their peers, in this case, to have sex before marriage. Teenage pregnancy often leads to a high rate of maternal and infant mortality and high-risk infants.&#x0D; AIM: This study aimed to identify internal and external factors influencing adolescent pregnancy prevention behavior.&#x0D; METHODS: This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design recruited 398 adolescents using a multistage sampling technique. Chi-square test and logistic regression test were employed with p &lt; 0.05.&#x0D; RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) value from the exponent β with confidence interval 95%. More than half of respondents (64%) have behavior that might lead to teenage pregnancy, with both male and female respondents having equal risk (p = 0.920). Variables of knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, life skills, and peer influence were associated with adolescent pregnancy prevention behavior as all of them have a p = 0.000. Moreover, peers were found to be the most influential variable of teenage pregnancy prevention behavior with the OR value of 3.84, the highest among other variables which meant adolescents receiving negative influence from their peers are 3.84 times more likely to conceive at a young age. Peers become the most dominant factor in determining adolescent behavior in preventing pregnancy.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: Among the variables related to prevention behavior, peers were found to be the one that will primarily determine adolescent behavior in terms of pregnancy prevention.

Evaluating and Improving upon Ecuador's Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Policies in an Era of Increased Urgency.

Evaluating and Improving upon Ecuador's Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Policies in an Era of Increased Urgency.