Adolescent Diet Research Articles

Exploring the potential of meeting adolescent girls' nutrient needs in urban Colombia using food-based recommendations.

During adolescence, many young people gain greater food choice agency but also become increasingly exposed and susceptible to environmental pressures that influence their food choices. This coincides with increased nutritional needs, especially for girls. In urban Colombia, adolescent diets are often high in undesirable foods and low in nutritious foods, contributing to overweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to explore the potential of improving diet quality using food-based recommendations (FBRs) within the parameters of local food systems and adolescents' existing dietary patterns to inform context-specific programmatic responses to malnutrition. We applied linear programming analysis to dietary data from 13- to 20-year-old girls in Medellin to identify problem nutrients, local micronutrient sources, and promising FBRs. Iron and, to a lesser extent, calcium targets were difficult to meet using optimized diets based on local foods, especially for 13- to 17-year-olds. High habitual consumption of foods with excessive salt, fat, or sugar provided >5% of micronutrients in optimized diets. Otherwise, significant micronutrient sources included legumes, meat, dairy, bread, potatoes, and fruit. FBRs met targets for 10 micronutrients but only 32%-39% recommended nutrient intake for iron. FBRs, including occasionally consumed foods and supplements, met all intake targets for less cost, indicating a need to increase access to nutrient-dense products.

Towards responsive policy and actions to address non-communicable disease risks amongst adolescents in Indonesia: insights from key stakeholders

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, mental disorder and chronic lung conditions are the leading cause of death and disability in Indonesia. Adolescence is when risks for NCDs emerge and it is also an important life stage for intervention, yet young people are often at the margins of NCD policy and actions. This study aimed to understand how policies and actions should address NCD risks (tobacco smoking, inadequate physical activity, and diet) for adolescents in Indonesia, and how young people can be meaningfully involved. Qualitative in-depth interviews over videoconference (n=21) were conducted in English or Bahasa with stakeholders in Indonesia. Participants included policymakers, implementation partners, and advocates who were focused on adolescent health or NCDs. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, translated, and thematically analysed using NVivo12. Findings were disseminated to participants for validation and feedback. Youth participants (n=7) attended an additional workshop and considered recommendations and actions arising from this research. Participants identified that government and non-government organisations are acting on NCDs in Indonesia, but few of the existing initiatives target adolescents, and adolescent services rarely addressed NCD risks. Participants also felt that policies to protect adolescents from NCD risks (i.e., smoke-free areas in public) were not always enforced. For programs or initiatives focused on adolescent health, those that had engaged adolescents as co-creators and leaders were perceived to be more successful. As such, participants recommended more meaningful engagement of young people, including young people's leadership of initiatives. Additional recommendations included the need for intersectoral engagement and a 'whole-of-government' approach to prevention given the complex determinants of NCD risks, and the need for evidence-based actions that are underpinned by quality data to enable monitoring of progress. There is a recognised need to strengthen policies and actions to address NCD risks amongst adolescents in Indonesia. Meaningful youth engagement that allows young people to take the lead, intersectoral actions, and evidence-based data driven responses were key strategies identified. UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office.

The Effects of COVID-19 Virtual Learning on Body Fat and Insulin Resistance in Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity.

(1) Background: COVID-19 virtual learning reduced structural supports for adolescent physical activity and diet, threatening metabolic health, especially in teens with overweight or obesity (OWOB). (2) Methods: Adolescents (N = 14) with OWOB completed fasting blood draws (measuring insulin resistance, IR) and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA, measuring total body fat percent, TBF%) pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19. Changes in TBF% and IR were calculated (1) pre-COVID-19 and (2) from pre-COVID-19 to during COVID-19. Age and body mass index (BMI) percentile-matched data assessed normative changes across similar, non-COVID-19 time periods. Paired t-tests compared TBF% change pre- to during COVID-19 with (1) TBF% change pre-COVID19 and (2) TBF% normative change. Two ANCOVAs compared IR change pre- to during COVID-19 with (1) IR change pre-COVID-19 controlling for BMI z-score and difference in time between assessments and (2) normative change in IR controlling for sex/race. (3) Results: The TBF% change pre-COVID-19 and the normative change were similar. The TBF% increased more (~six percentage points) during COVID-19 compared to normative change (p < 0.01). During COVID-19, IR increased more (~2.5 units) than change pre-COVID-19 (p = 0.03) and increased more (~3.5 units) than normative change (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions: TBF% and IR increased exponentially during COVID-19 in teens with OWOB compared to pre-COVID-19 and normative changes.

Mobilizing adolescents and young women to promote healthy diets in urban settings of Colombia and Vietnam: Lessons from two action-research programs.

Adolescent and young women face grave nutrition challenges, but limited evidence exists on solutions to improve their diets. Action-research was done over 3 years (2020-2022) in secondary cities of Colombia (Medellin) and Vietnam (Thai Nguyen) to identify nutrient deficits in adolescent and young women diets; elaborate food-based recommendations to improve their nutritional status using Optifood linear programming; and engage respondents in incorporating suggested recommendations to their diet using a Social Innovation Challenge approach. A total of 1001 respondents were interviewed in Vietnam, 793 in Colombia. The probability of nutrient inadequacy in both locations was highest for iron and calcium, followed by the risk of deficiency for several other vitamins and minerals. Social Innovation Challenge teams (11 in Vietnam, 9 in Colombia) were created and supported in developing solutions to improve diets and tackle those deficiencies. Awards and resources were transferred to the most promising solutions to enable their implementation. Pre/post measurements of the interventions' impact using the Global Diet Quality Score as outcome metric showed significant improvement in the diets of Challenge participants. After introducing a series of companion articles that offer detailed results on those various steps, this paper draws strategic lessons from an action-research perspective.

Rapid review of factors influencing dietary behaviors in Fiji.

In Fiji, multiple burdens of malnutrition including undernutrition, overweight/obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies coexist at the individual, household, and population levels. The diets of children, adolescents, and adults are generally unhealthy. The objective of this review was to understand how the dietary behaviors of children, adolescents, and women in Fiji are influenced by individual, social, and food environment factors. This rapid review was conducted to synthesize existing evidence, identify research gaps in the evidence base, and make recommendations for future research. The Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods and the updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews were used. The search strategy for this rapid review was based on the Population Context Outcome [P(E)CO] framework, including search terms for population (children, adolescents, and adults), context (Fiji), and outcome (dietary behaviors). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. The 22 studies included in this review identified different factors influencing dietary behaviors in Fiji. Individual preferences for processed and imported foods, especially of younger generations, and social dynamics, especially gender norms and social pressure, to serve meat and overeat appeared to be prominent in driving dietary habits. The ongoing nutrition transition has led to increasing availability and affordability of ultra-processed and fast foods, especially in urban areas. Concerns about food safety and contamination and climate change and its effect on local food production also appear to influence dietary choices. This review identified different dynamics influencing dietary behaviors, but also research gaps especially with regard to the food environment, calling for an integrated approach to address these factors more systemically.

Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Its Association with Depression Score in A Sample of Iranian Adolescent Girls

Background: Depression in adolescents is one of the major public health concerns that can affect educational attainment and social relationships and impose a high economic burden on society. Previous studies have provided limited information on the relationship between a healthy diet and depression in adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the association of Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) with depression scores among adolescent girls.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 734 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years. Data on dietary intakes were collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and diet quality was assessed based on HEI-2015. The Iranian validated version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate depression. To explore the association between HEI-2015 and depression, logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of a high depression score in the study population was 33.8%. After controlling for potential confounders, girls with the highest adherence to HEI-2015 compared to those with the lowest adherence had a 37% lower prevalence of depression (OR: 0.63; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00, Ptrend=0.03). This finding remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables (age, energy intakes, physical activity, and BMI percentile).&#x0D; Conclusions: Greater adherence to HEI-2015 was associated with lower odds of depression in female adolescents. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these results and clarify whether a causal relationship exists.&#x0D;

MONOTONIZATION OF CHILDREN’S DIET AS A FACTOR OF VIOLATION OF THE MICRONUTRIENT BALANCE

Nutrition ensures the normal development of children, contributes to the prevention of diseases,prolongs life and creates conditions for adequate adaptation of the body to the environment.Aim – to evaluate the food rations of children and adolescents according to the qualitativeand quantitative composition of macro- and micronutrients.Material and methods. 159 children and adolescents who kept a food diary for 1 weekwere selected by the method of simple randomization. The daily consumption of macroand basic micronutrients (F, Zn, Cu, I, Fe, Mg, Ca, P, Se) was evaluated.Results. Of the five main food groups in the diet, cereals and grains dominated (60.0 %),fruits and vegetables accounted for only 25.1 %, meat and poultry – 9.4 %, eggs – 2.9 %,fish and fish products only 2.6 %, other products – 2.9 %. In children aged 11-15 years,a decrease in the caloric content of daily rations, proteins and complex carbohydrateswas registered. In children aged 16-18 years, the caloric content of the diet was higherdue to the excess of carbohydrates. The daily content of calcium, magnesium, iron andphosphorus did not differ from the normative values, while the content of iodine, selenium,copper and zinc did not correspond to their daily norm.Conclusions. 1. Unbalanced and polydeficiency nutrition of children and adolescentsdue to monotonization of the diet, excess caloric content in adolescence has beenestablished. 2. The diet of children and adolescents is deformed due to the predominanceof carbohydrate- containing foods and a decrease in protein- containing foods, a shortageof vegetables and fruits, a high content of sweets and sweetened water. 3. Both boys andgirls of school and teenage age are found to be deficient in copper, iodine, zinc, andselenium in diet, and in adolescent girls, there is also iron deficiency, which can affecttheir health, physical and intellectual development.

Prediction of Uric Acid on Renal Function among Adolescents: A Ten-Year Analysis

Aims: The prevalence of hyperuricemia in adolescents is increasing with each passing year. During adolescence, hyperuricemia tends to develop into adult hyperuricemia and affects renal function. The study aims to explore the relationship between hyperuricemia values and renal function and examine predictors affecting renal function risk factors among senior high school students.&#x0D; Methods: The retrospective study adopted 2011–2019 health examination database of 6597 male freshmen. The Chi-squared test, t-test, ROC curve, and logistic regression were used for analysis to find out the best cut-off points of hyperuricemia for male adolescents.&#x0D; Results: The best cut-off values of uric acid were 6.5 mg/dL among male adolescents and the prevalence of hyperuricemia is 55.2% in male adolescents. Uric acid was the critical predictor of renal function and the risk of a worse eGFR (&lt;90) in the uric acid &gt;6.5 group was increased by 2.51 times compared with the &lt; 6.5 group.&#x0D; Conclusions: The school administrators should pay attention to the diet and body size of male adolescents and prevent obesity and diets that lead to hyperuricemia to promote health in adolescents. Adolescents with uric acid &gt;6.5 mg/mL can be followed up if uric acid has different effects on renal function.

The combination of nutrition education at school and home visits to improve adolescents’ nutritional literacy and diet quality in food-insecure households in post-disaster area (De-Nulit study): A study protocol of cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT)

Nutrition education is selected as a method which often used to change eating behaviour, yet, the effectiveness of this method in adolescents who live in household with food insecurity status is rarely investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a combination of nutritional education held at school and home visits for increasing the nutritional literacy and its effect on the quality of adolescent diet, so that the result can be used as a strategy to improve nutritional literacy dan diet quality in those adolescents who live in food-insecure households in post-disaster areas. The De-Nulit Study is a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (CRCT) with an intervention from a combination of nutritional education given at school and home visits conducted for three months for adolescents who live in food-insecure households with ages ranging from 15 to 17 years old. A randomization sampling was carried out at four schools located the nearest locations which were affected heavily by the major natural disasters in 2018. The nutritional education intervention groups in schools were given in eight sessions, whereas home visits with an interview approach for students with a motivational interview approach were carried out four times. The control group will receive leaflets three times a month for three months, and each group will receive a food stamp $ 7.6 per month for three months. The trial research has been recorded in Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) with identification number of TCTR 20220203003 issued on 03 February 2022.

Parent factors associated with BMI, diet, and physical activity of adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities

BackgroundAdolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience overweight and obesity (OW/OB) up to 1.8 times the rate of their typically developing peers. Parents may influence adolescent weight management behaviors in this population, but the association between parent factors and adolescent weight management behaviors is unclear. ObjectiveTo examine the associations between parent BMI and sociodemographic characteristics with adolescents’ BMI, diet quality, daily energy intake, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior. MethodsThis study analyzed baseline data from an 18-month randomized controlled weight loss trial for adolescents with IDD. We assessed parent BMI (kg/m2) and sociodemographic factors, and adolescent BMI z-score, MVPA, sedentary time, daily energy intake, and diet quality. Associations between parent and adolescent factors were assessed with Pearson, Spearman or Kendall Tau-b correlations; mean differences for categorical outcomes were assessed with independent samples t-tests/Mann-Whitney U tests or ANOVA/Kruskall-Wallis tests. ResultsNinety-five adolescent and parent dyads were included. Parent BMI was positively correlated with adolescent BMI z-score (n = 94: rs = 0.37, p < 0.01). Household income was inversely correlated with adolescent BMI z-score (n = 95: Tb = −0.18, p = 0.02). Parents with less than a bachelor's degree had adolescents with higher BMI z-scores than those with bachelor's or higher (2.1 ± 0.5 vs. 1.8 ± 0.5, p = 0.02) as well as higher sedentary behavior (n = 28, 515.2 ± 102.6 min/day vs. n = 40, 463.9 ± 148.1 min/day, p = 0.02). ConclusionWe found parent BMI, income, and education associated with adolescent BMI z-score. These findings contribute to the sparse literature on parental factors associated with OW/OB in this population. Clinical trials numberNCT02561754.

P14-039-23 U.S. Adolescent Diets: Food Group Consumption Patterns and Dietary Diversity From a Decade of Nationally Representative Data

P14-039-23 U.S. Adolescent Diets: Food Group Consumption Patterns and Dietary Diversity From a Decade of Nationally Representative Data

Essential Amino Acids in the Diet of Children and Adolescents.

The increasing requirement for energy and nutrients as a child grows older may result in nutritional deficiencies. The research was to assess the intake level of essential amino acids in the daily diet of children and adolescents living in rural areas. The research was conducted using a questionnaire that analysed food products consumed every day. The questionnaires were completed with the help of the researcher over a period of 7 d. Anthropometric measurements were carried out on every research participant. The participants' financial situation was calculated using a 5-degree scale, where 5 meant very good and 1 very bad. Insufficient body mass was recorded in the study group in 11.1% of boys and 14.7% of girls. Excessive body mass occurred more often among the girls (31%) than the boys (27.9%). Among boys aged 7-15 y old, protein provided 12.8% of the calorie requirement, while for the girls the figure was 13.6%. Among pupils aged 16-18 y old, the figures were 14.06% for boys and 14.33% for girls. Analysis of the results showed that irrespective of age or gender, no insufficient intake of amino acids was recorded among the study participants. In the study group of children and adolescents from rural areas, every third study participant suffered from excess body weight. Due to the fact that the intake of essential amino acids exceeded recommended RDA, it is vital that educational programmes are implemented on how to maintain a correctly balanced diet.

The Effect of Nutrition Education on Knowledge, Attitudes and Consumption Patterns of Young Women in Prevention of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Bengkulu City

Adolescents is one of age groups vulnerable to nutritional status. Adolescence requires higher nutrition in order to optimize physical, cognitive and psychosocial growth. Lifestyle and diet of adolescents will affect the fulfillment of nutritional needs. Nutrition education can be carried out properly and can be received directly depending on how the message is conveyed, how the message is received and where the message is delivered. Barriers to prevention of chronic energy deficiency in adolescents can be sourced from environmental influences. Several studies The existence of significant changes in behavior in eating patterns through interventions from nutrition education can prevent Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in adolescents. This research aims to evaluate the impact of nutrition education on knowledge, attitudes and consumption patterns in prevention of CED in Young Girls SMPN 19 Padang Serai and SMKS Kampung Bahari, Bengkulu City. This study used quasi experiment with a two-group pre-test and post-test design. The intervention was carried out in the form of nutrition counseling using booklets or modules with a frequency of 3 meetings in 3 weeks. Nutrition education is promoting nutrition messages through education with a learning process using booklets individually and in groups using the lecture method. This study resulted an increased in knowledge, attitudes and consumption patterns after being given nutrition education in prevention of chronic energy deficiency of young women in Bengkulu City (p=0.000). There is an increase and influence between knowledge, attitudes and consumption patterns after being given adolescent nutrition education.

112-OR: Low Carbohydrate vs. Mediterranean Diets in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized Control Trial

Objective: To compare glycemic parameters and metabolic health of a low carbohydrate diet (LCD) versus a Mediterranean diet (MED) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Research Design and Methods: In an open-label, randomized, non-inferiority trial, 40 individuals with type 1 diabetes, aged 12 to 22 years, were randomly assigned (1:1) to LCD (50-80g of carbohydrates per day) or MED for 24 weeks. Glycemic outcomes included time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR) time above range (TAR), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. After 6 months intervention, the median (IQR) TIR70-180 mg/dL increased from 47% (35;55) to 58% (51;72) in the LCD and from 52% (38;60) to 67% (50;73) in the MED group (p=0.21, p=0.86, respectively). There was no difference in %TBR&amp;lt;54 mg/dL. The delta %TAR&amp;gt;250 mg/dL was significantly greater in the LCD (-11.0 (-5.0; -16) than the MED group (-3.1 (0.0; -9.4)) (p=0.008). HbA1c level improved in both groups, after correcting for gender, age, diabetes duration, and, maternal education; the delta HbA1c was significantly greater in LCD than MED after 6 months -0.8 (-1.3; -0.3) and -0.1 (-0.8;0.2) respectively (p=0.02). Median daily carbohydrate intake was 60gr (45;88) for the LCD and 128gr (IQR 104;155) for the MED group. Delta BMI Z-score was greater in the LCD -0.1 (-0.3-0.1) than the MED group 0.0 (-0.1-0.1) (p=0.08). Lipid levels did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: Non-inferiority (13% relative margin) of LCD versus MED was demonstrated on %TIR70-(primary endpoint) among adolescents with type 1 diabetes, with no increased risk for hypoglycemia and no effect on cardiovascular risk factors. Disclosure N.Levran: None. N.Levek: None. K.Mazor-aronovitch: None. E.Monsonego-ornan: None. O.Pinhas-hamiel: None.

Athletic Burnout and Its Association with Diet in Children and Adolescents.

Children today are constantly exposed to several risk factors and high levels of stress that can impact their mental, emotional, and physical health, which can trigger burnout. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and frequency of burnout in young amateur athletes and to study the role of the Mediterranean diet on burnout risk. An observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study of 183 basketball players between 8 and 15 years old was carried out. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED questionnaire and the risk of burnout was assessed with the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Medians, minimums and maximum values for quantitative variables and absolute frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables were obtained. The results show a higher percentage of burnout among girls. The children who meet the established threshold for burnout spend more time watching television. Participants with better adherence to the Mediterranean diet have lower burnout values in both genders and those with a higher risk of burnout have a worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Therefore, it is important to implement a balanced diet appropriate to the individual needs of the athlete.

Do food-related capabilities, opportunities and motivations of adolescents mediate the association between socioeconomic position in adolescence and diet quality in early adulthood?

BackgroundSocio-economic position (SEP) in adolescence may influence diet quality over the life course. However, knowledge of whether individual and environmental determinants of diet quality mediate the longitudinal association between SEP and diet quality is limited. This study examined whether and to what extent food-related capabilities, opportunities and motivations of adolescents mediated the longitudinal association between SEP in adolescence and diet quality in early adulthood overall and by sex.MethodsLongitudinal data (annual surveys) from 774 adolescents (16.9 years at baseline; 76% female) from ProjectADAPT (T1 (baseline), T2, T3) were used. SEP in adolescence (T1) was operationalized as highest level of parental education and area-level disadvantage (based on postcode). The Capabilities, Opportunities and Motivations for Behaviour (COM-B) model was used as a framework to inform the analysis. Determinants in adolescence (T2) included food-related activities and skills (Capability), home availability of fruit and vegetables (Opportunity) and self-efficacy (Motivation). Diet quality in early adulthood (T3) was calculated using a modified version of the Australian Dietary Guidelines Index based on brief dietary questions on intake of foods from eight food groups. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate the mediating effects of adolescents’ COM-B in associations between adolescent SEP and diet quality in early adulthood overall and by sex. Standardized beta coefficients (β) and robust 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated, adjusted for confounders (T1 age, sex, diet quality, whether still at school, and living at home) and clustering by school.ResultsThere was evidence of an indirect effect of area-level disadvantage on diet quality via Opportunity (β: 0.021; 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.038), but limited evidence for parental education (β: 0.018; 95% CI: -0.003 to 0.039). Opportunity mediated 60.9% of the association between area-level disadvantage and diet quality. There was no evidence of an indirect effect via Capability or Motivation for either area-level disadvantage or parental education, or in males and females separately.ConclusionsUsing the COM-B model, the home availability of fruit and vegetables (Opportunity) of adolescents explained a large proportion of the association between area-level disadvantage in adolescence and diet quality in early adulthood. Interventions to address poor diet quality among adolescents with a lower SEP should prioritize environmental determinants of diet quality.

The Degree of Problematic Technology Use Negatively Affects Physical Activity Level, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Psychological State of Adolescents.

The previous scientific literature has shown how detrimental addictive internet and mobile phone use can be for the adolescent population. However, little is known about their influence on the physical activity, kinanthropometry and body composition, nutrition patterns, psychological state, and physical fitness of this population. For this reason, the objectives of this research were (a) to determine the differences in the physical activity level, kinanthropometric and body composition variables, adherence to Mediterranean diet (AMD), psychological state, and physical fitness according to gender and different levels of problematic use of the internet and mobile phones; and (b) to establish the differences in the physical activity level, kinanthropometric and body composition variables, AMD, psychological state, and physical fitness among adolescents when considering problematic use of the internet and mobile phones in combination. The sample consisted of 791 adolescent males and females between 12 and 16 years of age (1st to 4th course) from four compulsory secondary schools (404 males and 387 females; mean age: 14.39 ± 1.26 years-old; mean height: 163.47 ± 8.94 cm; mean body mass: 57.32 ± 13.35 kg; mean BMI: 21.36 ± 3.96 kg/m2). The physical activity level (baseline score: 2.64 ± 0.67), kinanthropometric variables and body composition, AMD (baseline score: 6.48 ± 2.48), psychological state (baseline life satisfaction: 17.73 ± 4.83; competence: 26.48 ± 7.54; autonomy: 25.37 ± 6.73; relatedness: 24.45 ± 6.54), and physical condition variables were measured. The results showed that adolescent males and females with problematic internet and/or mobile phone use presented a worse psychological state, but it is especially relevant to highlight that females also had a lower level of physical activity and AMD, with problematic mobile phone use being especially relevant, mainly in the psychological state of adolescents. In conclusion, problematic use of the internet and mobile phones can have detrimental effects on the level of physical activity, AMD, and psychological state of adolescents, with the differences found in females being particularly relevant.

Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Father Participation in an Adolescent Obesity Prevention Program With Multiple Delivery Methods.

Padres Preparados, Jóvenes Saludables was a Latino family-based obesity prevention intervention implemented from 2017 to 2020 across eight programs in-person only, in a blended format (online/in-person), and online only. The intervention aimed to enhance father parenting skills to improve adolescent diet and activity behaviors. Mothers were encouraged to attend. Factors associated with participation were explored using a mixed-methods, qualitative (focus group/individual interviews by Zoom) and quantitative (process evaluation) design. Eleven focus group and 24 individual interviews were completed after participation with 24 fathers, 27 mothers, and 40 adolescents with responses not sorted by delivery method before analysis. Binomial logistic regression models examined associations between fathers' program completion and predictor variables of delivery characteristics, father demographic characteristics, and family attendance patterns. Parents were married (96% fathers, 76% mothers), had low income, a high school education or less (68% fathers, 81% mothers), and had lived in the United States a mean of 19 years. Parents were motivated to participate to improve health, and to be involved with and improve communication with their child. Common barriers to participation were work and life priorities and programmatic factors including scheduling conflicts and technological issues. Participation was greater for fathers attending sessions in-person compared with online only (OR = 11.6). Fathers were more likely to participate if they attended sessions with family members vs. not attending with family members (OR = 7.2). To maximize participation, findings suggest involving multiple parents/caregivers and adolescents, addressing contextual and programmatic barriers, and promoting benefits of better health and relations with family members.

Adolescent diets: balanced nutrition education to achieve optimal nutritional status

Balanced nutrition practices include knowledge and attitudes towards consuming balance nutritious foods and implementing healthy behaviors. Selection of a balanced nutritional menu and good nutrition intake will determine optimal nutritional and health status. The community service activity in the form of counseling on a balanced nutritional diet for Students of SMKN 24 Cipayung East Jakarta are an effort to achieve optimal nutritional status in adolescents and are expected to be an important momentum to remind the public, especially adolescents, about the importance of balanced nutrition and how to choose healthy and nutritious food. This community service is in the form of providing education regarding a balanced nutritional diet for adolescents. The assessment was carried out using a pre-test before counseling and a post-test after counseling. The educational results revealed an increase in knowledge about a balanced nutritional diet of 14.83 points, from an average value of 63.50 (before counseling) to 78.33 (after counseling). The different test results obtained a p-value of 0.0005. It can be concluded that there is an increase in students' knowledge about a balanced nutritional diet after counseling.

Socio-ecological predictors of dietary inflammatory scores and associations with childhood and adolescent adiposity: A protocol for a rapid scoping review of observational studies.

Diet-related inflammation is associated with adiposity. Obesity and inflammation in early life may have adverse health outcomes in later life; however, the socio-ecological predictors of a pro-inflammatory diet in childhood and adolescence are not well understood. This rapid scoping review aims to summarise the current state of research from observational studies investigating socio-ecological predictors (childhood, parental, familial, demographic and chronobiological risk factors) and their association with diet-associated inflammation and adiposity in children and adolescents. This scoping review will be conducted using the frameworks based on the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O'Malley and the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) mnemonic. Searches were conducted in OVID Medline, Cinahl and Embase, with adaptations as required. The piloted study selection process will utilise two reviewers for study selection, with reference lists checked for included studies. A third reviewer will moderate disagreements. Data will be extracted by one reviewer and calibrated by a second reviewer. The results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and PRISMA-ScR flow diagram. The main findings will be synthesised into themes and concepts narratively. Tables and graphs will present frequencies, study details and categorical descriptions. This scoping review will provide an overview of the research conducted to date regarding predictors of diet-related inflammation in childhood and their associations with adiposity. Better understanding of the factors associated with a more inflammatory diet in childhood may be useful for clinicians and policy makers when designing and implementing health interventions.