Adolescent Development Research Articles

Insight into the Trends in Research on the Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health

This study investigates the impact of social media on adolescent mental health through a bibliometric analysis of literature from 2004 to 2024 in the web of science database. With internet usage among adolescents exceeding 87% and instant messaging rates reaching 84.1%, platforms such as Facebook and Instagram significantly affect their mental well-being. The study identifies “anxiety,” “depression,” and “adolescents” as central themes, demonstrating a strong correlation between high-frequency social media use and mental health issues. Adolescents, the most affected group, face significant risks from prolonged social media exposure. The United Kingdom leads study collaborations in this field. The findings highlight the complexity of social media’s impact on mental health, influenced by various factors ranging from childhood experiences to specific psychological issues. Emphasizing adolescent mental health, the study calls for future study to explore the long-term effects of social media use and develop effective intervention measures and policy recommendations. This scientific evidence aims to guide policymakers, educators, and parents in promoting the comprehensive development and well-being of adolescents, helping them navigate the digital age healthily and safely.

The Impact of the Internet on Adolescents’ Mental Health

Studies have found that the age of adolescent first exposure to the Internet is getting younger and younger, and the bad information on the Internet may have a negative impact on their mental health. Communication of Network community in online social media may cause extreme emotions among teenagers, especially under online anonymity, teenagers may show extreme emotions different from those in reality, which may lead to mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. According to the research, the author pointed out that Internet addiction is positively associated with depression in adolescents, and Internet addicts may disperse their depressive emotions through the Internet, but this behavior may aggravate the degree of depression. Moreover, the negative emotional atmosphere and social comparison on the Internet may lead to low self-esteem and anxiety among adolescents. Excessive use of Internet technology for recreational activities may adversely affect the educational development of adolescents, leading to decreased academic performance and depression tendencies. This paper explores in depth the effects of the Internet on adolescent mental health, especially the effects of Internet addiction, online social networking, cyberbullying and online use on sleep. And how to guide teenagers to use the Internet correctly and protect their mental health has become an urgent social problem to be solved.

Adolescent Executive Function Measurements in Indonesia : Systematic Review and Implications in Educational Settings

This study examines the landscape of executive function (EF) assessments for Indonesian adolescents, focusing on their psychometric properties. The adolescent development phase, marked by cognitive growth, presents opportunities and risks, especially in education settings where well-developed EF is beneficial. This research used a qualitative approach, with a systematic literature review method using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis), analyzing peer-reviewed empirical studies from databases such as SCOPUS and others, focusing on EF measurements for adolescents in Indonesia from 2014 to 2024. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting tools like the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)-Indonesian version, Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised (ESQ-R), Executive Function Questionnaire (EFQ), and performance-based measures like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Test. Using content analysis, this study reveals that while the BRIEF is widely used in clinical studies, its applicability in educational settings requires improvement. The findings highlight the importance of adapting EF tools with cultural sensitivity and developing new comprehensive assessments with clear psychometric properties regarding all critical EF components. In recommendations, the study pinpoints a multi-method approach combining inventory-based and performance-based measures to provide a thorough understanding of EF while maintaining practicality for educational settings. The implications for advancing EF research and practice in Indonesia, particularly in education, are discussed, emphasizing the need for reliable, valid, culturally sensitive, and accessible assessment tools.

Indulgent Parenting and Adolescents' Maladjustments: The Roles of Cultural Context and Parental Gender.

Background/Objectives. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by the exploration of independence and self-identity. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between indulgent parenting (characterized by high responsiveness and low demandingness) and adolescents' maladjustments across emotional, behavioral, and social domains. Methods. Using a cross-cultural sample of high school students from the U.S. (n = 268) and China (n = 189), we tested the hypotheses that indulgent parenting was associated with adolescents' maladjustments, and that such association varied by cultural context (U.S. vs. China) and parental gender. Results. The results from Bayesian structural equation modeling supported the hypotheses, showing significant associations between indulgent parenting and adolescents' maladjustments and differences in the associations across cultures and parental gender. Conclusions. The findings highlighted the need for culturally informed parenting programs to foster healthy adolescent development.

Considerations for the design and conduct of pediatric obesity pharmacotherapy clinical trials: Proceedings of expert roundtable meetings.

Anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have emerged as one element of comprehensive obesity clinical care intended to improve long-term health outcomes for children and adolescents. The number of pediatric AOM clinical trials has burgeoned in recent years as new pharmacotherapeutics have been developed. Factors related to growth and development in children and adolescents can present unique challenges in terms of designing and conducting clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of AOMs. These barriers can delay the AOM development and evaluation process, increase the cost of performing trials, create challenges in the interpretation of results, influence the generalizability of the findings and present ethical dilemmas. In an effort to address these issues and provide guidance to streamline the process of designing and conducting pediatric AOM clinical trials, relevant key stakeholders convened a series of roundtable meetings to discuss, debate and achieve harmonization on design features. Stakeholder participants included a multidisciplinary group of international pediatric obesity experts, patient (parent) representatives and representatives from academic medicine, key regulatory agencies and industry. Topics of discussion included primary efficacy end-points, secondary end-points, eligibility criteria, trial run-in and follow-up phases, use of active comparators and guidelines for down-titration and/or stopping rules for excessive weight reduction. Consensus recommendations were agreed upon. Regarding end-points, emphasis was placed on moving away from BMI z-score as a primary outcome, incorporating multiple alternative BMI-related outcomes and measuring adiposity/body fat as a prominent secondary end-point. Trial eligibility criteria were carefully considered to maximize generalizability while maintaining safety. The limited value of trial run-in phases was discussed. It was also underscored that designing trials with extended follow-up periods after AOM withdrawal should be avoided owing to ethical issues (including possible psychological harm) related to weight regain without providing the opportunity to access other treatments. The panel emphasized the value of the randomized, placebo-controlled trial but recommended the thoughtful consideration of the use of active comparators in addition to, or instead of, placebo to achieve clinical equipoise when appropriate. Finally, the panel recommended that clinical trial protocols should include clear guidance regarding AOM down-titration to avoid excessive weight reduction when applicable.

The Evolutionary Concordance Between Adolescent Self-Control and Academic Achievement: The Moderating Effect of Family Background

The connection between adolescent self-control and academic achievement in the setting of a familial environment focuses on familial relationships and upbringing which influence the relationship between self-control and learning success throughout adolescence. Due to family stress, students are unable to concentrate on their academic performance efficiently. This study examines the connections among adolescents’ academic achievement and self-control by employing the structure of developmental psychology. Focusing on the moderating impact of the familial environment in this connection. The research of 500 middle school students, the collection of pertinent data, and regression modeling revealed that self-control is considerably positively associated with academic achievement. Furthermore, family background has a considerable moderating influence on this connection. Specifically, the positive impacts of self-control on academic success were stronger in circumstances with high family support, whereas the impact was lower in conditions with inadequate family support. The study results offer a new view for instructors and parents, highlighting the role of the familial setting on adolescent's self-improvement and academic accomplishment.The study concludes with an improved knowledge of evolutionary processes that regulate adolescent development and educational achievements, enabling enhanced procedures focused on improving academic achievement in adolescents.

Transdiagnostic Symptom Domains are Associated with Head Motion During Multimodal Imaging in Children.

Head motion is a challenge for neuroimaging research in developmental populations. However, it is unclear how transdiagnostic symptom domains including attention, disruptive behavior (e.g., externalizing behavior), and internalizing problems are linked to scanner motion in children, particularly across structural and functional MRI. The current study examined whether transdiagnostic domains of attention, disruptive behavior, and internalizing symptoms are associated with scanner motion in children during multimodal imaging. In a sample of 9,045 children aged 9-10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, logistic regression and linear mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between motion and behavior. Motion was indexed using ABCD Study quality control metrics and mean framewise displacement for the following: T1-weighted structural, resting-state fMRI, diffusion MRI, Stop-Signal Task, Monetary Incentive Delay task, and Emotional n-Back task. The Child Behavior Checklist was used as a continuous measure of symptom severity. Greater attention and disruptive behavior problem severity was associated with a lower likelihood of passing motion quality control across several imaging modalities. In contrast, increased internalizing severity was associated with a higher likelihood of passing motion quality control. Increased attention and disruptive behavior problem severity was also associated with increased mean motion, whereas increased internalizing problem severity was associated with decreased mean motion. Transdiagnostic domains emerged as predictors of motion in youths. These findings have implications for advancing development of generalizable and robust brain-based biomarkers, computational approaches for mitigating motion effects, and enhancing accessibility of imaging protocols for children with varying symptom severities.

Sleep Disturbance and Subsequent Suicidal Behaviors in Preadolescence

Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, who demonstrate high rates of sleep disturbance. Poor sleep appears to confer risk for suicide, but longitudinal investigation of suicidal behaviors remains rare, particularly in the transition from childhood to early adolescence. To evaluate sleep disturbances in preadolescent children (aged 9 and 10 years) in association with longitudinal risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts at the 2-year follow-up. This cohort study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study between June 2016 and January 2021. This dataset included children aged 9 or 10 years at baseline and their parents or caregivers who were recruited at 21 sites across the US. Data were analyzed July 2023 to June 2024. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, a 26-item parent-reported inventory, was administered at baseline, generating a total score and 6 subscales. Central covariates included the Child Behavior Checklist Anxiety and Depression subscale and demographic variables. The computerized Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-COMP) assessed parent- and youth-reported suicidal behaviors and outcomes (none; passive, active nonspecific, and active specific suicidal ideation; and suicide attempt) at the 2-year follow-up. Sleep disturbance was further grouped by symptom severity (minimal, moderate, elevated, high, and severe). Of the 10 136 youths who reported no baseline suicidal ideation or behavior, 8807 youths (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years; 4507 males [51.2%]; 197 Asian individuals [2.2%], 1273 Black individuals [14.5%], and 5775 White individuals [65.6%]) completed the K-SADS-COMP assessment at the 2-year follow-up and were included in the analysis. At the follow-up, 8044 participants (91.3%) had no suicidal behavior, 317 (3.6%) had passive suicidal ideation, 258 (2.9%) had active nonspecific suicidal ideation, 130 (1.5%) had active specific suicidal ideation, and 58 (0.7%) had a first-time suicide attempt. Baseline sleep disturbance was associated with increased incidence risk for suicidal behavior at age 12 years (odds ratio, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.44-4.98; P = .002), adjusting for covariates. Individual subscales or items demonstrating associations with risk included disorders of excessive somnolence and frequency of nightmares. Results of this longitudinal cohort study revealed that disturbed sleep at age 10 years was associated with risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the next 2 years. The findings highlight the potential importance of sleep as a visible risk factor and intervention target in the prevention of youth suicide.

Making Sense of Complexity in Refugee Family Systems: Second-Generation Somali and Hmong Refugee Adults’ Reflections on Their Relationships with Their First-Generation Refugee Parents

ABSTRACT The current study aimed to understand the relationships of 2nd generation (2G) refugees during their formative years with their 1st generation (1G) parents. We used a phenomenological approach to conduct individual interviews with six 2G refugees (three Hmong-Americans and three Somali-Americans) in the U.S. who fit the study’s inclusion criterion of being affected by their parents’ migration trauma. Themes emerging from participants’ narratives describe 1) 2G Refugee Relationship Quality with 1G Refugee Parents; 2) Integrating All Dimensions of 2G Intersectional Identities; 3) 2G Resiliency Resources; and 4) Moving Forward. The current study’s findings suggest ways that intergenerational trauma affected 2G refugees’ relationships with their parents and added layers of complexity to the normative challenges of adolescent development. Researchers are encouraged to employ a family system lens to consider the effects of migration trauma across generations when examining relationship dynamics in refugee families. It is important for clinicians to consider the systemic impacts of refugee stress and trauma when working with refugee adolescents and their families.

Pathways from School Belonging to Problematic Online Game Use among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Symptoms and the Moderating Role of Physical Exercise

Problematic online game use (POGU) causes various negative effects on adolescent development. Thus, it is necessary to explore the influential factors and mechanisms of adolescent POGU. The present study examined the relationship between school belonging and adolescent POGU and its mechanisms. A sample of 958 secondary vocational school students completed self-reported measures of school belonging, emotional symptoms, physical exercise, and POGU. The results showed that school belonging negatively predicted emotional symptoms (including depression, anxiety, and stress), which in turn positively predicted adolescent POGU. Besides, the moderating role of physical exercise in the relationship between school belonging and depression was significant, and the moderating role of physical exercise in the relationship between school belonging and anxiety was marginal but significant. The magnitudes of the above relationships were smaller as physical exercise increased. Results provide suggestions to reduce adolescent POGU by enhancing school belonging and decreasing emotional symptoms.

Sanitary and Chemical Analysis of Drinking Water and Laboratory Control of the Content of Toxic Elements of Pesticides and Mycotoxins in Food Products

Relevance of the study: nutrition is the most important factor in maintaining health, normal growth and development of children and adolescents, preventing a number of diseases, maintaining high performance of the adult population, maintaining active longevity. Drinking water and food are necessary for the existence of humans and all life on Earth. Issues related to increasing responsibility for the effectiveness and objectivity of quality control of drinking water and food products are relevant in guaranteeing their safety for the health of consumers. Objectives of the study: to study the quality of drinking water and the efficiency of the water supply system in Osh in the period from 2020 to 2023; analysis of compliance of drinking water quality with sanitary and chemical standards; development of recommendations for improving the quality of water and the water supply system in Osh. Determination of toxic elements, pesticides and mycotoxins in food products, determination of physicochemical indicators and toxic elements in drinking water, pesticides and mycotoxins in food products was carried out in accordance with regulatory documents of GOST and the maximum permissible concentration. The test results showed the normal and permissible levels of pH, total iron, fluorides, hardness, dry residue, ammonia, nitrates, etc. in water, and the content of aflatoxin B1, the mass concentration of cadmium and lead, hexachlorane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in food products. For a more in-depth analysis, it is recommended to use additional data on climatic conditions, geological features of the region, as well as the demographic situation in Osh.

Impact of Pre-Adolescent Substance Familiarity on Subsequent Use: Longitudinal Analysis of Risk by Latent Classes in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Sample.

Predicting substance use in adolescence is a difficult yet important task in developing effective prevention. We aim to extend previous findings on the linear associations between familiarity with (knowledge of) substances in childhood and subsequent substance use in adolescence through a latent class analysis (LCA) to create risk profiles based on substance familiarity. Using the ABCD Study® sample, we conducted an LCA using 18 binary substance familiarity variables (n = 11,694 substance-naïve youth). Complementary analyses investigated the relationship between LCA groups and (1) longitudinal use, (2) use initiation, and (3) early use. The optimal LCA resulted in a four-class solution: Naïve, Common, Uncommon, and Rare, with each group increasing in both the number and rarity of known substances. Analysis 1 revealed an increased risk in use over time among both the Uncommon and Rare groups (ORs = 2.08 and 5.55, respectively, p's < 0.001) compared to the Common group. Analysis 2 observed a decreased risk for initiation between the Naïve and Common groups (OR = 0.61, p = 0.009); however, the Uncommon and Rare groups were at an increased risk compared to the Common group (ORs = 2.08 and 3.42, respectively, p's < 0.001). Analysis 3 found an increased risk of early use between the Common and Uncommon groups (OR = 1.92, p < 0.001) with a similar trend between the Common and Rare groups (OR = 1.90, p = 0.06). These results highlight distinct risk profiles for adolescent substance use based on substance familiarity in middle childhood. Current work could be applied as an early screening tool for clinicians to identify those at risk for adolescent substance use.

The Validation of the Greulich and Pyle Atlas for Radiological Bone Age Assessments in a Pediatric Population from the Canary Islands.

Bone age assessments measure the growth and development of children and adolescents by evaluating their skeletal maturity, which is influenced by various factors like heredity, ethnicity, culture, and nutrition. The clinical standards for this assessment should be up to date and appropriate for the specific population being studied. This study validates the GP-Canary Atlas for accurately predicting bone age by analyzing posteroanterior left hand and wrist radiographs of healthy children (80 females and 134 males) from the Canary Islands across various developmental stages and genders. We found strong intra-rater reliability among all three raters, with Raters 1 and 2 indicating very high consistency (intra-class coefficients = 0.990 to 0.996) and Rater 3 displaying slightly lower but still strong reliability (intra-class coefficients = 0.921 to 0.976). The inter-rater agreement was excellent between Raters 1 and 2 but significantly lower between Rater 3 and the other two raters, with intra-class coefficients of 0.408 and 0.463 for Rater 1 and 0.327 and 0.509 for Rater 2. The accuracy analysis revealed a substantial underestimation of bone age compared to chronological age for preschool- (mean difference = 17.036 months; p < 0.001) and school-age males (mean difference = 13.298 months; p < 0.001). However, this was not observed in females, where the mean difference was minimal (3.949 months; p < 0.239). In contrast, the Atlas showed greater accuracy for teenagers, showing only a slight overestimation (mean difference = 3.159 months; p = 0.823). In conclusion, the GP-Canary Atlas demonstrates overall precision but requires caution as it underestimates the BA in preschool children and overestimates it in school-age girls and adolescents.

Prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with alterations in offspring DNA methylation at genes involved in neurodevelopment, across the life course.

Prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) is of increasing concern globally, due to the potential impact on offspring neurodevelopment, and its association with childhood and adolescent brain development and cognitive function. However, there is currently a lack of research addressing the molecular impact of PCE, that may help to clarify the association between PCE and neurodevelopment. To address this knowledge gap, here we present epigenome-wide association study data across multiple time points, examining the effect of PCE and co-exposure with tobacco using two longitudinal studies, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS) at birth (0 y), 7 y and 15-17 y (ALSPAC), and ~27 y (CHDS). Our findings reveal genome-wide significant DNA methylation differences in offspring at 0 y, 7 y, 15-17 y, and 27 y associated with PCE alone, and co-exposure with tobacco. Importantly, we identified significantly differentially methylated CpG sites within the genes LZTS2, NPSR1, NT5E, CRIP2, DOCK8, COQ5, and LRP5 that are shared between different time points throughout development in offspring. Notably, functional pathway analysis showed enrichment for differential DNA methylation in neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and neuronal structure pathways, and this was consistent across all timepoints in both cohorts. Given the increasing volume of epidemiological evidence that suggests a link between PCE and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in exposed offspring, this work highlights the need for further investigation into PCE, particularly in larger cohorts.

Influence of Educational Measures on Emotional Adjustment in Students with and without Specific Learning Difficulties according to Gender

The prevalence of mental health problems in adolescence is high, and it would appear that certain conditioning factors such as having a Specific Learning Disability (SpLD), the application of educational measures (repeating a school year), or gender can have an impact on the socioemotional development of adolescents. However, we do not yet have a clear picture of the role played by each variable or whether there are interactions between them. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the effect of these independent variables on internalising problems (anxiety and depression) and on personal resources (self-esteem, social competence, and awareness of the problem). The sample is composed of 80 students, 40 with SpLD and 40 control, aged between 12 and 17 years old, matched in terms of age and gender. The results indicate that the variables Specific Learning Disabilities and educational measures have a negative impact on internalising problems and personal resources of adolescents, while there is no significant effect with respect to gender. In addition, we identified interactions between having SpLD and being held back a year. We therefore call into question the negative impact of repeating a school year according to the condition.

Dairy and Exercise for Bone Health: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Recommendations for Future Research.

To examine evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on how modifiable factors such as exercise and nutrition, with a focus on dairy products, play a role in improving bone health across the lifespan. Meta-analyses of RCTs demonstrate the advantages of consuming dairy products to improve bone mineral density/content (BMD/BMC) and markers of bone metabolism and turnover (BTMs). Eighteen RCTs were conducted investigating the combined effects of dairy and exercise, with most indicating a benefit in youth and adult populations. Results were less conclusive in older adults, perhaps due to altered requirements for dairy/nutrients and exercise with increased age. RCTs demonstrate that dairy productconsumption alone benefits bone health and can enhance the effects of exercise on bone. This may help improve skeletal growthand development in adolescence and prevent osteoporosis with increased age. Future RCTs should account for habitual nutrient intakes, and dairy dosage, timing, and matrix effects.

Antisocial behaviors at school: Analysis of normative and at-risk groups

School plays a crucial role in adolescent development and in the prevention of antisocial behaviors. This study focuses on five common antisocial behaviors within the school environment. Analysis was conducted with various groups of adolescents aged 11–16, including a normative sample of Spanish adolescents, and two samples of adolescents from high psychosocial risk areas: Polígono Sur (Seville, Spain), and IV Municipalità (Naples, Italy). The normative sample consisted of a representative group of Spanish adolescents who responded to the 2014 HBSC questionnaire, whereas data from Polígono Sur and IV Municipalità were collected specifically from these populations. The prevalence of each antisocial behavior was analyzed according to reference group, age, sex, and two key school adjustment variables: feelings about school and perceived school pressure. Additional analysis explored how these variables and their interactions contribute to variations in antisocial behavior. The findings offer valuable insight for designing prevention and intervention programs aimed at addressing antisocial behaviors within the school context.

Mentalization-based interventions in schools for enhancing socio-emotional competencies and positive behaviour: a systematic review.

Mentalization-based interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly applied in school settings to support the social-emotional development and mental health of children and adolescents. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of MBIs implemented in educational contexts for students aged 6-18 years. A comprehensive search was conducted in PsychInfo, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and ERIC databases from inception to October 2023. The search strategy combined terms related to mentalization, school-based interventions, and the target age group. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022302757). Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed publications in English, studies published between 1980 and 2023, interventions based on mentalization principles, and a primary focus on children aged 6 to 18 years. Exclusion criteria involved non-mentalization based interventions and research outside the 6-18 age range. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tools from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data were synthesized narratively due to the heterogeneity of study designs and outcomes. Of the 5,250 articles screened, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising over 7,500 participants. The reviewed interventions targeted various aspects of mentalizing, such as emotion-understanding, empathy, perspective-taking, and Theory of Mind. Significant improvements were found in social-cognitive abilities, emotion regulation, and mental health outcomes, including reductions in disruptive behaviours. Interventions that combined mentalizing training for both students and teachers showed promising results. However, the long-term sustainability of these benefits remains unclear. Limitations of the reviewed studies include the lack of control groups, small sample sizes, and variations in outcome measures. The findings highlight the potential of MBIs as a promising approach to fostering socio-emotional competence, positive behaviour, and well-being in school-aged children. Future research should aim to establish the active components and optimal delivery of these interventions through well-designed randomized controlled trials with larger, more diverse samples and extended follow-up periods. The integration of MBIs within educational systems holds promise for promoting resilience and positive mental health outcomes in young people. Embedding MBIs within school curriculums and evaluating cost-effectiveness are important next steps to guide widespread implementation.

A - 55 Exploring the Impact of Parental Substance Use Problems and Behavior on Pre-Adolescent Cognitive Performance

Abstract Objective Adults with a parental history of substance use problems (PH+) exhibit deficits in verbal, language, visuomotor, visuospatial, and executive functioning skills. However, findings on whether PH+ affects cognition developmentally is limited. This study explored how PH+ relates to preadolescents’ cognitive performance while controlling for environmental parental factors. Methods We sampled 11,633 participants aged 8–11 (47.74% female) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study at baseline. The Family History Assessment evaluated PH+ of alcohol and other drug use problems, with scores ranging from 0–2 parents with problematic use (PH-, PH + 1, PH + 2). PH+ of alcohol (PHA+) and other drugs (PHD+) were assessed separately. The neurocognitive battery included the NIH Toolbox, RAVLT, and Matrix Reasoning. Parental factors assessed included prenatal substance exposure, family conflict, parental warmth, parental monitoring, and parental mental health history. Hierarchical linear mixed-effects models analyzed relationships between PHA+, PHD+, other parental variables of interest, and cognitive outcomes while controlling for demographics. Results PHA+ significantly predicted inhibitory control performance, with PHA + 1 youth performing better than PHA- youth (β = 0.71, p = 0.04), above and beyond other parental behaviors. Conversely, PHD + 1 youth scored lower on immediate (β = −0.3107, p = 0.02) and delayed (β = −3.58, p = 0.01) verbal memory recall, as well as visuospatial memory (β = −1.50, p = 0.003) compared to PHD- youth. Parental factors broadly predicted performance, with parental monitoring and prenatal exposure emerging as the most consistent predictors. Conclusion These findings underscore the complex relationship between PH+, environmental parental factors, and cognition among preadolescents. Future work should explore mechanisms linking parental behaviors to adolescent cognition, given these modifiable factors offer potential for intervention.

A - 56 Cumulative Childhood Adversity Is Linked with Reduced Cognitive Performance during Late Childhood to Adolescence

Abstract Objective History of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has been linked with poorer cognitive performance in young adulthood and cognitive decline in older adults; however, few studies have examined these relationships during childhood and adolescence, which are key periods for neurocognitive development. The current study investigated the longitudinal relationships between ACEs and cognitive performance during late childhood/adolescence. Method 10,827 participants (ages = 9–15.5 years old; 48% female) were included from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Cumulative ACE scores were created using annual parent and child reports of youth’s exposure to ACEs from baseline (ages 9–10) to Year 4 follow-up (ages 13–15). Cognitive performance was assessed using the NIH Toolbox (completed at baseline, Year 2, and Year 4). Separate linear mixed-effects models examined associations between ACEs and cognitive performance while accounting for time, age, sex assigned at birth, caregiver education, household income, pubertal status, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and random effects of subject and family/twin status. Additional analyses tested for interactions with time. Results Greater ACEs were associated with poorer cognitive performance on tasks measuring verbal (p’s &amp;lt; 0.001) and visual (p &amp;lt; 0.001) memory, working memory (p = 0.01), cognitive flexibility (p = 0.004), processing speed (p &amp;lt; 0.001), and language (p’s &amp;lt; 0.001), above and beyond covariates. ACEs were not associated with attention (p = 0.09). Cognitive performance improved over time; however, compared to baseline, youth with greater ACE history at Year 4 demonstrated poorer attentional performance (p = 0.008). Conclusions Findings suggest that ACEs influence cognitive performance during key neurodevelopmental periods, and future work should assess clinical utility of targeted cognitive remediation in youth with adversity history.