Adolescent Delinquency Research Articles

Childhood Maltreatment Is Associated With Aggression Among Male Juvenile Delinquents in China: The Mediating Effects of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Self-Control

Background: Aggression is an important risk factor for delinquency and crime in adolescents. Previous studies have indicated that childhood maltreatment plays an important role in the development of aggression. However, whether the effect could be mediated by other factors is still unknown. Evidence suggests that callous-unemotional (CU) traits and self-control may be candidate mediators in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and aggression.Methods: A total of 585 male juvenile delinquents from China were recruited for the present study. We measured self-reported childhood maltreatment, CU traits, self-control, and aggression with the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), the Self-Control Scale (SCS), and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), respectively. Furthermore, we constructed multiple mediation models to investigate the mediating effects of CU traits and self-control on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and aggression. Childhood maltreatment and aggression were entered into the model as the independent and dependent variables, respectively, and CU traits and self-control were treated as the mediating variables. In addition, the moderating role of self-control in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and aggression was tested by constructing a moderation model.Results: Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations among childhood maltreatment, CU traits, and aggression (all r values > 0.31, P values < 0.01), and self-control was negatively correlated with these three factors (all r values < −0.32, P values < 0.01). Mediation analyses showed that the relationship between childhood maltreatment and aggression was completely and sequentially mediated by the factors of CU traits and self-control (indirect effect = 0.31, P < 0.001). In addition, the relationship between childhood maltreatment and aggression could also be completely mediated by CU traits (indirect effect = 0.24, P < 0.001) and self-control (indirect effect = 0.26, P < 0.001) separately.Conclusion: Our results indicate that, in a sample of male juvenile delinquents in China, the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adolescent aggression was found to be mediated by CU traits and self-control, which may shed light on the development of aggression among male juvenile delinquents.

Self-report of domestic violence and forced sex are related to sexual risk behaviors in a sample of juvenile detainees

BackgroundJustice-involved youth have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and a higher prevalence of the associated sexual risk behaviors. Sexual risk behaviors are also associated with alcohol and drug use. Research suggests that a history of trauma is an important predictor of alcohol and drug use in youth offenders, and therefore is a likely contributor to sexual risk behavior in this population. The objective of this analysis is to determine the association of trauma, specifically, domestic violence and forced sex, to six sexual risk behaviors and a history of chlamydia among detained youth.MethodsThe analysis uses data from a convenience sample of detainees assenting to HIV testing conducted December 2016 – August 2017 using the state-certified Voluntary Counseling Testing and Referral (VCTR) process.ResultsOf the 379 youth that received VCTR at the facility, 308 (81.3%) were used in this analysis. Report of domestic violence was significantly associated with sex under the influence of alcohol and was also significantly associated with sex under the influence of marijuana. Forced sex was associated with a sexual partner of unknown HIV status.ConclusionsTraumatic experiences were related to sexual risk behaviors in this analysis, and substance use was strongly implicated in the association. Trauma is known to be a catalyst to sexual risk behaviors, substance use, and delinquency in adolescence. Results support the findings of other investigators and re-iterate the need for trauma-informed interventions that can improve the life trajectories of detained youth.

Analisis Kebutuhan Pendidikan Pencegahan Perilaku Berisiko pada Remaja di Kabupaten Magelang

Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to risky behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and risky sexual behavior. The involvement of one risky behavior can lead to other risky behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent risky behavior to ensure adolescents' health. This study aimed to prevent risky behaviors according to adolescents' needs.Method: This was an observational research with the cross-sectional method. Data were obtained using a questionnaire through interviews with respondents. The research subjects were adolescents aged 15-24 years. Samples were randomly selected, as much as 100 adolescents. Results: There were 2 categories of adolescents, they were "delinquent adolescents" and "ordinary adolescents". The needs of SRH education of two groups were more in contents of SRH, methods, media, time, providers, and venue of SRH information delivery. The majority of respondents mostly preferred to select the subject related to he impact of risky behaviour. Discussion method and mixed media, they like to choose for delivering information at night time. Most of them prefer health workers to be as health educator beside their peers. There was no significant difference in the SRH need between two groups. However, the implementation of risky behavior prevention should be differentiated.

Метапредметные компетенции в профилактике делинквентного поведения подростков

An attempt to establish the relationship between the formation of meta-subject competencies in delinquent adolescents in the framework of educational and extracurricular activities in an educational institution and the transition of forms of its behavioral manifestations from social disapproval to behavior regulated by legal norms was made. The authors outline that in order to structure knowledge about metasubject competencies, they are classified into meta-activities, meta-ways and meta-abilities that directly affect the rehabilitation of delinquent adolescents by means of educational and extracurricular activities organized in an educational institution. Methods of research: comparative and theoretical analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, monographs and thesis works, documentation; generalization, comparison, systematization. Research result. The authors come to the conclusion that delinquent adolescent, due to the features of their socially disapproved forms of life, have well-defined formed competencies, but apply them in asocial behavioral manifestations. The article pays attention to the importance of improving the effectiveness of activity of educational institutions on the formation of delinquent adolescents’ metasubject competencies as a means of overcoming adolescent deviation. However, attention is drawn to the possible risks in this area of activity due to the delinquent adolescents’ frequent absence from school, so the authors also paid attention to the need to form academic motivation in delinquent adolescents to achieve the goals of forming metasubject competencies and overcoming delinquency.

"PECULIARITIES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES IN PREVENTION OFFENSES AMONG MINORS"

This scientific article discusses law enforcement agencies’ role in preventing minors’ offences in cooperation with public organizations and formations. The internal affairs bodies are also involved in this direction, which purposefully carry out measures to avoid violations among minors. A unique role is played by their interaction in this direction both with school institutions and public organizations for the education of the younger generation. The juvenile delinquency prevention system should include the complex system as a whole of sources of administrative legislation regulating its organization and functioning. The effectiveness of prevention of the studied social phenomenon is primarily determined by the introduction of administrative and legal measures and other means of legal influence used to prevent juvenile delinquency. Of course, additional, comprehensive efforts are needed to improve the practice of applying administrative legislation and optimize organizational and legal forms of adolescent delinquency prevention. In our opinion, we should not forget about the use of an interaction mechanism that solves the tasks of developing common approaches to solving the problems facing them; planning standard measures for the timely resolution and prevention of this problem among minors; the creation of support groups that contribute to improving the living conditions of adolescents in modern society; the appointment of persons responsible for the implementation of practical tasks for the timely resolution and prevention of offences among minors.

Evaluating dual‐process theory of decision‐making in Chinese delinquent adolescents

ObjectiveDual‐process theories have dominated the study of crime research and risk perception over the last two decades. However, no study to date has examined these combined approaches in research into delinquent youths. The current study aimed to address this issue by comparing cognitive and affective processes between Chinese delinquent and non‐delinquent adolescents, and investigated whether variables of the two processes were correlated with each other and whether they predicted delinquent behaviours.MethodDelinquent adolescents (n = 122, Mage = 15.3 years, SD = 1.2, 62 males, 60 females) were recruited from juvenile institutions, while typically developing controls (n = 129, Mage = 15.2 years, SD = 1.7, 59 males, 70 females) were recruited from local schools; all participants completed a cognitive appraisal questionnaire and a computerised gambling task. Teacher reports on delinquent behaviour were also collected.ResultsIn cognitive decision‐making, delinquent adolescents perceived more benefits, less risks, and a higher anticipated involvement in relation to risky events than non‐delinquent adolescents. In affective decision‐making, the delinquent group exhibited higher risk‐taking and poorer vigilance in risk modulation than the non‐delinquent group. Delinquent adolescents were also less likely to bet on the advantageous choice than their non‐delinquent counterparts.ConclusionsThe current study provides a more encompassing picture of the divergent decision‐making pathways associated with delinquent groups, allowing for better prevention and intervention programs that combine cognitive and behavioural components.

Pubertal timing and adolescent delinquency†

AbstractEarly pubertal timing (PT) increases the risk of adolescent delinquency, whereas late development reduces this risk; however, the mechanisms explaining PT effects on delinquency remain elusive. Theoretically, the PT–delinquency relationship is as a result of changes in parental supervision, peer affiliations, and body‐image perceptions or is a spurious reflection of early life risk factors. Using intergenerational data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a prospective sample of children followed from infancy to age 14 years in the United Kingdom (N = 11,556 parent–child pairs), we find that for both boys and girls, early PT is associated with heightened risks of delinquency, relative to on‐time puberty, whereas late PT is associated with lower risks, even after controlling for a large share of childhood confounders. Mediation test results indicate that changes in parental supervision, peer affiliations, and body‐image perceptions from ages 11 to 14 partly account for associations between off‐time PT and delinquency. Our findings are most consistent with criminological theories in which the psychosocial, familial, and peer group changes that accompany off‐time pubertal development are emphasized. Changes in peer substance use, in particular, were the primary explanatory factor for the relationships between early and late PT and delinquency, for both boys and girls.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF MALADJUSTED TEENAGERS

The overwhelming majority of adolescent delinquency has purely social causes, disadvantages of upbringing above all. From 30 to 85% of delinquent adolescents grow up in an incomplete family, that is, without a father, or in a family deformed - with a recently appeared stepfather, less often, with a stepmother. KEY WORDS: teenagers, psychological factors, social upheaval, deviant, emotional and psychological relations, criminalizing factor, biopsychological aspects.

INCA-M: Mexican Adaptation of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Antisocial Behavior.

Callous-unemotional traits are considered to be precursors of psychopathy, and are related to behaviors such as aggression, delinquency, antisocial behavior, and bullying in adolescents. For this reason, it is important to study these traits in childhood and adolescence with appropriate and reliable instruments. The aim of the current study is to develop a Mexican adaptation of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Antisocial Behavior (INCA) because few questionnaires in Spanish assess these traits, and even fewer have been validated for the Mexican population. The INCA questionnaire, developed in Spain, assesses the same three factors as the ICU questionnaire (unemotional, callousness, and uncaring), and it includes an additional factor of antisocial behavior with items on challenging authority and breaking social rules. It controls two response biases: social desirability and acquiescence. We administered the Mexican adaptation, named INCA-M, to 699 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years old. Factor analysis yielded three dimensions, because most of the items referring to uncaring and antisocial behavior loaded on a common factor, which can be explained by cultural differences. We decided to remove these items of antisocial behavior so as to maintain the same three factors assessed by the ICU questionnaire. The results suggest that the INCA-M has good psychometric properties, with high factor simplicity and good reliability. Moreover, we found the expected correlations with impulsivity and the Big Five subscales, and also with the equivalent subscales assessed by the ICU questionnaire.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN TEMAN SEBAYA DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH PADA REMAJA

Remaja adalah individu berkembang dari saat pertama kali ia menunjukkan tanda-tanda seksual sekundernya sampai saat ia mencapai kematangan seksual. Menurut SDKI tahun 2013 sebanyak 38% wanita dan 12% pria melakukan hubungan seks pranikah dibawah umur 18 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan pengetahuan dan teman sebaya dengan perilaku seksual Pranikah pada remaja di SMA Negeri 09 Bengkulu Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain survey analitik yang menggunakan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa siswi kelas XI di SMAN 09 Bengkulu Utara berjumlah 125 orang. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Total Sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan Uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan: Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja di SMA Negeri 09 Bengkulu Utara (χ2 =18,924, p=0,000), dengan kategori hubungan sedang (C=0,363); Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara teman sebaya dengan perilaku seksual pranikah pada remaja di SMA Negeri 09 Bengkulu Utara (χ2 =13,059, p=0,000), dengan kategori hubungan sedang (C=0,324). Diharapkan kepada pihak SMA Negeri 09 Bengkulu Utara untuk dapat melakukan pendidikan kesehatan tentang perilaku seks bebas atau perilaku seks pranikah. Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Teman Sebaya, Perilaku Seksual Pranikah

Социологический анализ подростковой делинквентности в контексте социальных институтов: по материалам социологического исследования

The paper presents the analysis of adolescent delinquency in the context of social institutions, prepared basing on the materials of sociological research. The authors conduct a detailed analysis of the contents of the notion “delinquency”. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation of the role of delinquent behavior in modern society, the relationship of this social phenomenon with the activities of various social institutions – subjects of social control. Ways to improve social control for the prevention of delinquency of juveniles are considered. The work presents the results of a sociological study aimed at studying the problem of the delinquent behavior of juveniles in the context of social institutions, conducted with the help of a questionnaire survey of teachers and students of grades 7-11 and expert surveys. Data on the prevalence of delinquent behavior of juveniles are given. The main areas of solving the problems of prevention of offences by juveniles have been highlighted.

Family negativity and delinquent behavior in adolescence: a predictive multivariate latent growth analysis

ABSTRACT The current study had three aims: (1) to explore whether there is over-time change in adolescent delinquency and negativity in the parent–adolescent, sibling and marital relationships during adolescence; (2) to examine the interactions of negativity across subsystems; and (3) to examine whether levels and changes in adolescent delinquency are predicted by levels and changes in negativity in all family subsystems. Data of 497 families participating in the RADAR-young study were used. Ratings of all family members were used to measure negativity in family relationships, and adolescent self-report was used for delinquency. Multivariate latent growth curve models showed over-time increases in mother-adolescent negativity and over-time decreases in sibling negativity, as well as significant individual differences in these changes. Second, evidence for both social contagion and compensatory processes in family negativity was found. Third, initial levels of parent–adolescent negativity were related to initial levels but not over-time changes of adolescent delinquency, whereas initial levels of sibling negativity were related to over-time changes but not initial levels of adolescent delinquency. Finally, increases in parent–adolescent negativity were related to faster increases in adolescent delinquency, and decreases in sibling negativity were related to slower increases in adolescent delinquency. Implications of these results are discussed.

Child and Adolescent Pornography Exposure.

Child and Adolescent Pornography Exposure.

PENGARUH POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TERHADAP KENAKALAN REMAJA

Kenakalan Remaja pada saat ini sudah terjadi hampir diseluruh pelosok tanah air, Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kenakalan pada remaja salah satu nya pola asuh dari orang tua. Bentuk kenakalan remaja dapat di katagorikan menjadi kenakalan biasa, kenakalan yang menjurus pelanggaran dan kejahatan atau kriminal dan kenakalan yang bersifat khusus. Adapun karakteristik yang terjadi pada remaja nakal meliputi perbedaan struktur intelegensi, perbedaan fisik dan psikis serta perbedaan kepribadian. Pola asuh orang tua terdiri dari pola asuh Authoritarian, pola asuh Authoritative, pola asuh permisif serta pola asuh penelantaran. Hasil kajian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola asuh orang tua terhadap kenakalan remaja dan bagaimana cara mengatasinya.

The latent class and affecting factors on adolescent status delinquency

The latent class and affecting factors on adolescent status delinquency

Self-Compassion and Predictors of Criminal Conduct in Adolescent Offenders

ABSTRACT We conducted a study of self-compassion, a positive indicator of mental health, as a predictor of criminal conduct in adolescent offenders deprived of their liberty. There was a sample of 63 delinquent adolescents, males between 12 and 18 years of age, who were subjected to a questionnaire of criminal conduct, self-control, aggression, empathy and of self-compassion. Correlation and regression analyses were used to explore the relationship that self-compassion has with self-control, aggression and empathy. The associations between the subscales of self-compassion and self-control were also examined. According to the criminal conduct questionnaire, 52.4% of the sample has a high level of criminal conduct (percentile 85–99). The results of the correlational analysis indicate that self-compassion is associated with the variables self-control and empathy; the self-control variable was revealed as a predictor. The correlations revealed that the subscales of self-kindness and mindfulness were associated with self-control; the simple linear regression analysis showed the existence of a relationship between self-control (predictor variable) and the subscales self- kindness and mindfulness (variable to be predicted). The implications and limitations of these results are discussed.

Проблема личностного развития несовершеннолетних правонарушителей: культурно-исторический подход

Quite a number of scientific works focus on psychological differences between juvenile offenders and their ordinary peers. These differences usually come down to the fact that deviant and delinquent adolescents have less developed cognitive abilities, creativity and self-regulation. However, these ideas do not reflect the essence of the psychological problem of deviant behavior. A completely different understanding of the problem can be obtained if we consider the problem in the context of the cultural-historical approach of L.S. Vygotsky. In the framework of this approach, the development of the mind occurs due to the increase in self-regulation, the ability of a person to control his own mental processes. Here the question of whether human behavior is determined by external situational factors or by internal volitional efforts comes to the fore. We argue that this issue cannot be resolved mechanically as it is sometimes done. It is the individual himself who determines his/her attitude and semantic content of the surrounding social reality, and not vice versa. The results of out studies show that the psychological basis of deviant behavior is the weak development of personality in the cultural-historical sense. In other words, it is the weak subject of activity that lies at the core of deviance.

Delinquency Among Turkish Adolescents: Testing Akers' Social Structure and Social Learning Theory.

The purposes of this study are to examine how social learning processes and social structure correlate with delinquency among Turkish adolescents and to articulate to what extent Akers's social structure and social learning (SSSL) theory explains delinquency in Turkey, which is a different cultural context from Western countries in terms of family structure, level of collectivism or individualism, religion, belief systems, and norms. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing the first study testing Akers's theory in the Turkish context. Analyses, relying on a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework, showed that the social learning process accounted for a substantial amount of variation in explaining adolescent delinquency. We also found that social learning process somewhat mediates social structural effects on delinquency.

STUDI KASUS SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA TERHADAP ANAK PELAKU TAWURAN ANTAR PELAJAR PADA TAHAP PENYIDIKAN

Fighting between students is actually only one form of delinquency in adolescents. There are many more psychological and criminal problems that are often experienced and carried out by adolescents. Deviant behavior by adolescents, commonly known as juvenile delinquency, is juvenile delinquency referring to a form of behavior that is not in accordance with the norms that live in the community.The identification of this problem is the background of children conducting brawls between students, Protection of child brawlers at the stage of the investigation, Obstacles and obstacles in the investigation of brawls between students.Writing this thesis uses normative and empirical juridical methods. The sources come from library research and interviews, namely by studying or analyzing secondary and tertiary legal materials. Thus, the normative juridical approach in research is used to analyze problems relating to the legal protection of children as brawls among students.The results of the study showed that 1) Student brawl can be caused by 2 (two) factors, namely internal and external factors 2) Protection of children in conflict with this law underwent fundamental changes, namely strict regulation of "restorative justice and diversion" intended to avoid and keep children away from the judicial process, so as to avoid the stigmatiziation that can be done at every level of decision makers at the police, prosecutor and court level. 3) That there are reasons or arguments that encourage investigations tend to be less restorative justice-based both internally and externally, so the writer will analyze internal and external factors and take advantage of legal culture theory. Keywords: Legal Protection; Student Fight; Child Investigation.

Development of RPG-based Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Reducing Delinquency in Adolescents

Development of RPG-based Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Reducing Delinquency in Adolescents