Adolescent Girls Research Articles

The Effect of Education Based on Self-Regulation Theory Strategies on the Physical Activity Level of Adolescent Girls: A Quasi-Experimental Study

The Effect of Education Based on Self-Regulation Theory Strategies on the Physical Activity Level of Adolescent Girls: A Quasi-Experimental Study

CREATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE ECONOMIC CONTENT OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS' ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY

The article discusses how business ideas should be structured for adolescent girls and how, as companies grow, founders must diversify their products and services, diversify their projects, and search for directions to develop their projects.

Investigating the Potential Short-term Adverse Effects of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: A Novel Regression Discontinuity Analysis

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been offered in over a hundred countries worldwide (including the United Kingdom, since September 2008). Controversy around adverse effects persists, with inconsistent evidence from follow-up of randomized controlled trials and confounding by indication limiting the conclusions drawn from larger-scale observational studies. This study aims to estimate the association between receiving a quadrivalent HPV vaccine and the reporting of short-term adverse effects and to demonstrate the utility of regression discontinuity design for examining side effects in routine data. Methods: We applied a novel regression discontinuity approach to a retrospective population-based cohort using primary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to hospital and social deprivation data. We examined the new onset of gastrointestinal, neuromuscular, pain, and headache/migraine symptoms using READ and International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision diagnostic codes. For each year between 2012 and 2017, we compared girls in school year 8 (born July/August) who were eligible to receive the vaccine with girls in year 7 (born September/October) who were not eligible. Results: Of the 21,853 adolescent girls in the cohort, 10,881 (50%) were eligible for HPV vaccination. There was no evidence of increased new gastrointestinal symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85, 1.15), headache/migraine symptoms (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.01), or pain symptoms (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.16) when comparing those eligible and ineligible for HPV vaccination. Conclusion: This study found no evidence that HPV vaccination eligibility is associated with reporting short-term adverse effects among adolescent girls.

Adolescent Girls and Young Women Overcoming Adherence Challenges with Vaginal and Oral PrEP Use: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study from a Crossover Trial in South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.

Rates of HIV acquisition remain high among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa. We explored South African, Ugandan, and Zimbabwean AGYW's experiences in a crossover trial of two HIV prevention products: Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis pills and a monthly dapivirine vaginal ring. A subset of participants (n = 25) across all sites completed up to three serial in-depth interviews (SIDIs). The SIDIs explored barriers to product use, coping strategies, and the resulting outcomes. Coded textual data were analyzed using a product acceptability conceptual framework. Participants in the SIDIs described managing the array of challenges they encountered through formal adherence support, strategic product disclosure, and personally adapted strategies. For both products, perceived discreetness of the product and decision-making around disclosure was an important component of participants' narratives. Participants tailored their coping strategies based on available personal resources (e.g., cell phone alarms for PrEP reminders, social support through disclosure) or study provided resources (e.g., encouragement from staff, adherence groups). Notably, challenges participants encountered with each product during the crossover period helped inform product selection during the choice period. Our findings suggest that-even in a context where AGYW have access to several options for HIV prevention-challenges to consistent product use remain, but accessible support mechanisms and informed choice can help mitigate these challenges. Enacting that choice may also empower AGYW to reach their short and long-term life goals-including for HIV prevention. (NCT03593655, 20th July 2018).

Menstrual health and hygiene practices of adolescent girls attending school in rural parts of South India and its effect on school attendance in the year 2020: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Menstruation is a normal and natural process that occurs during a female’s reproductive years, misperceptions surrounding menstruation, which can negatively impact the mental, emotional, and physical health of adolescent girls, as well as their academic performance. Our objective was to describe the menstruation practises among rural school going adolescent girls and its effect on school attendance. Materials and Methods: In the present descriptive and cross-sectional study included 495 students from government and government-aided schools a total of 7 schools. Results: Almost 90% of the girls had regular periods, 59% of these girls’ attained menarche at the age of 13 – 15 years. Out of these students 9% of them skip school frequently during menstrual period due to pain, 3% skip school due to excessive bleeding, and the rest skip school during this period either due to parent’s beliefs (1%) or because they think the sanitation facility at their school is not adequate (0.2%). Conclusion: The mean age of menarche in our study was 12.6, on an average the girls had 35 days of periods, with 5 days of menses, close to 99% of the girls used sanitary pads but most of them did not obtain it from schools, and 13% of girls had been absent often during their menstrual period. Keywords: age of menarche, reproductive health, menstrual health, menstrual hygiene, school going adolescent girls

Menstruation Related Practices among Adolescent Girls and Women in a Semi-urban Area of Nepal

Background Menstruation is often associated with restrictions from different activities. Studies about extreme form of menstruation practices i.e. “Chhaupadi” have been widely done but other practices have been less studied. Thus, this study aimed to find out the menstruation related practices among adolescent girls and women in secondary schools in a semi-urban community of Nepal. MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study done at two secondary schools in a semi-urban community of Panauti municipality which were selected purposively. The duration of study was from 31st October 2022 to 15th November, 2022. Total 158 adolescent girls and women present at the study site who have had menarche were included in the study through census sampling. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee [Reference number: 36/22] of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. Self-administered semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the information.ResultsAmong 158 study participants, menstrual restriction practice was followed by 155(98.66%) and most common restriction was not being allowed to worship or go to worshipping room 150 (96.77%). Most (68.98%) of the study participants said that their mother insisted them to follow such practices.Conclusions Menstruation related practices were common among the study participants and most common form of restriction was not being allowed to worship.

The Relationship Between Nutritional Status and the Incidence of Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls: A Frequency Analysis Based on Nutritional Status Categories

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common complaint that occurs during menstruation. The main research problem is that dysmenorrhea is often experienced by young women with high cases. The results of preliminary studies show that adolescents with poor nutritional status or malnutrition have a 50% risk of experiencing dysmenorrhea. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. Methods: This type of research is observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The population is all students in class VII MTs. Negeri 2 Magetan, totaling 225 students. The sample size was 144 students, calculated using the Slovin formula. The sampling technique is simple random sampling using a lottery. The independent variable in this study is nutritional status, and the dependent variable is dysmenorrhea. Instruments for measuring height use a height-measuring device, and instruments for measuring body weight use a weight scale. The instrument for measuring dysmenorrhea uses a questionnaire. Nutritional status data was collected by measuring body weight and height, while dysmenorrhea data was collected by filling out questionnaires. Analyze the data descriptively, and test the hypothesis using the Chi-Square statistical test. Results: The results of the study obtained a picture of 144 female students studied, half of whom had abnormal nutritional status (54.9%), and dysmenorrhea (54.2%). The prevalence ratio of exposure to abnormal nutritional status to the incidence of dysmenorrhea is 0.91. Then at 95% significance, there is a relationship between nutritional status and dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in young women at MTs. Negeri 2 Magetan and the prevalence ratio of dysmenorrhea from exposure to abnormal nutritional status was 50.7%. Comprehensive nutritional education and early health intervention are recommended to prevent and reduce the risk of dysmenorrhea.

A Cross-sectional Analytical Study to Assess the Risk Factors Associated with Menstrual Hygiene among School Going Adolescent Girls in an Aspirational District Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India

A Cross-sectional Analytical Study to Assess the Risk Factors Associated with Menstrual Hygiene among School Going Adolescent Girls in an Aspirational District Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India

Interplay Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile on Poor Sleep Quality in Adolescents

Background and Objective Adolescence is an important period of development, the main goal of this research was to investigate whether lifestyle can mediate the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and sleep quality.Methods This multicenter study was conducted between December 2023 and March 2024. The target population was adolescent girls between 12–18 years old. A total of 318 adolescents participated in this study in person. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was first used to check the relationships between research variables. Next, linear regression was used to draw predictive relationships based on independent and dependent variables. To investigate the mediator variable, path analysis was used and the result of the Sobel test was used.Results The R2 showed that 22% of the variance of poor sleep quality was explained by the predictor variables. Among of predictor variables in the model, health-promoting lifestyle profile and maladaptive strategies were significant and predicted poor sleep quality. The mediation role of a health-promoting lifestyle in the relationship between adaptive emotion regulation strategies and poor sleep quality was significant, the coefficient of the indirect path was equal to -0.18 and the Sobel test was equal to -4.68.Conclusions Current research has shown that cognitive emotion regulation strategies are related to poor sleep quality and this effect is mediated by a healthy lifestyle.

School Absenteeism during Menstruation and Associated Factors: A School-based Study among Adolescents in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

Introduction: Menstruation is a natural physiological process that can have significant implications for adolescent girls, particularly in low-resource settings where knowledge gaps and cultural taboos persist. In the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana, menstrual-related challenges contribute to school absenteeism, which can negatively impact educational outcomes and psychosocial well-being. Aim: This study seeks to enhance existing knowledge by evaluating the frequency of schoolgirl absence due to menstruation in Tamale Metropolis and the factors associated with it. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional survey with 293 adolescent schoolgirls. The study recruited six (6) schools in the Tamale Metropolis using multistage sampling. The questionnaire was used to collect the data from these students. Stata was used to analyze the data, and statistical significance was pegged at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: Most respondents (87.4%) know about menstruation, and 85% know about menstrual hygiene. The primary sources of information are family (47.1%) and school (33.1%), with fewer getting information from friends (12.6%) or media (7.2%). The study showed that 35.2% of respondents missed school due to menstruation. Among those who missed school, most missed 1-2 days (61.2%), while 29.1% missed 3-4 days and 9.7% missed more than four days. The majority of the respondents (78.6%) experience severe menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea). Regarding menstrual products, 43.7% report inadequacy, while 56.3% have adequate supplies. The study shows that 49.5% of respondents experience feelings of anxiety during menstruation, while 50.5% do not. About 43.3% feel embarrassed about menstruation, and 56.7% do not. The study established a significant association between school absenteeism and Grade/Class Level (0.001), religious affiliation (0.002), ethnicity (0.042), mother’s education (0.026), mother’s occupation (0.014), and father’s occupation (0.017). Conclusion: School attendance among adolescent girls in Tamale Metropolis is influenced by menstrual health. Facilitating information acquisition, ensuring the availability of menstruation products, and establishing nurturing surroundings can enhance educational achievements.

Barriers to menstrual hygiene management in school environment among adolescent girls of Tatopani Rural Municipality, Jumla: A cross-sectional study

Barriers to menstrual hygiene management in school environment among adolescent girls of Tatopani Rural Municipality, Jumla: A cross-sectional study

Bolstering Access to HIV-Related Health care in Zimbabwe Among Young Mothers Living With HIV: Lessons Learned on HIV Health Promotion From Zvandiri's Young Mentor Mother Program.

HIV disproportionately affects adolescent girls and young women living in Southern Africa. Rates of perinatal HIV transmission are high in this population, emphasizing the need for targeted health promotion and public health programming to improve the health of young mothers living with HIV. Zvandiri, a non-profit organization in Zimbabwe, created the Young Mentor Mother (YMM) program in response to this issue. This health promotion program uses peer-led service delivery conducted by trained young mothers living with HIV, called YMMs. We conducted semi-structured virtual interviews (N = 29) among Zvandiri staff and YMMs to identify benefits and challenges, and to inform future program scaling. We applied thematic analyses to the transcriptions. Participant narratives revealed several themes, including three key benefits from the YMM program: (1) peer support, (2) holistic care, and (3) women's empowerment. Participants also shared barriers to the success of the program, reflecting two overarching dimensions: (1) barriers related to scaling up the YMM program and (2) challenges related to addressing socio-structural factors. Barriers to scale-up included limited funds and resources, and food insecurity. Socio-structural challenges included HIV-related stigma, cultural and geographic differences, and intimate partner violence (IPV). These challenges align with the social-ecological model, whereby structural factors (lack of funding, food insecurity), community factors (HIV-related stigma, socio-cultural differences in accepting HIV care), and interpersonal factors (IPV) affect the implementation and scale-up of the program. We recommend future adopters of the YMM program to tailor the model for their community, prioritize peer supporter's well-being, foster women's empowerment, and adopt a holistic care approach.

Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Innovative Interventions among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa: A Protocol Paper.

Although South Africa was the first country to register and roll out oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) biomedical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention intervention in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), its uptake remains low, particularly among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). The uptake of PrEP may have worsened during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Some innovative interventions to improve PrEP uptake among AGYW have been implemented. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PrEP innovative interventions implemented during COVID-19 towards reducing the risk of HIV infection among AGYW in South Africa. An exploratory, descriptive design will be conducted to carry out four study objectives. Firstly, to carry out a systematic review of innovative PrEP interventions implemented during COVID-19 in SSA countries. Secondly, to conduct a stakeholder analysis to identify PrEP stakeholders and interview them on their views on the implemented interventions. Thirdly, to assess the implementation outcomes of the innovative interventions using document reviews and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Fourthly, to develop a framework for an improved PrEP service delivery among AGYW. Qualitative data will be captured in ATLAS.ti software (Technical University, Berlin, Germany) version 23 and analysed via thematic analysis. A statistical software package (STATA) version 18 (College Station, TX, USA) will be used to capture quantitative data and analyse them via descriptive analysis. The generated evidence will be used towards the development of framework, guidelines, and policies to strengthen the uptake of, scale-up, and adherence to PrEP among AGYW.

Nutritional Composition of Developed Bars and Their Impact on Work Performance of Adolescent Swimmers’ Girls

With the growing interest in sports nutrition and its impact on athletic performance, understanding the specific needs of adolescent athletes, particularly females, is crucial for optimizing their training and performance outcomes. The three variants of the Protein-rich bar (PB1, PB2, PB3) with the CB were developed by using different ingredients. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining nutritional analysis of developed bars with performance assessments among adolescent swimmers’ girls. Firstly, organoleptic evaluation (9-point hedonic scale) was performed on the variants of Protein-rich bar with the CB. Then nutritional analysis involves proximate (moisture, ash, protein, crude fat, crude fiber, CHO), mineral (calcium, iron), as well as antioxidant analysis (DPPH, TPC, vitamin C) assessed on selected variants of Protein-rich bar with the CB. Pre- and post-intervention were done on two groups for 3 months and performance assessments included anthropometric measurement, sit and reach test, hand grip strength test, Nelson hand reaction time test, and Tuttle pulse ratio test. Preliminary findings suggested that the developed bars (PB1) provide a more balanced nutritional profile than the CB. Moisture 10.2±0.66%, ash 3.7±0.27%, protein 22.3±0.74 g, crude fat 13.1±0.41 g, crude fiber 11.5±0.02 g, CHO 39.4±0.19 g, iron 4.4±0.15 mg, calcium 82.4±0.21 mg, DPPH 47.6±0.31%, TPC 53.1±0.11 mg GAE, and vitamin C 11.2±0.19 mg in 100 g respectively in PB1 and significantly difference at (p<0.05). Additionally, the consumption of PB1 bar appears to positively impact higher work performance among adolescent swimmers girls. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of research on sports nutrition tailored to adolescent athletes, particularly focusing on the nutritional needs of swimmers girls.

Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Makro dengan Siklus Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri SMK Negeri 2 Tuban

Menstruation is the decay of the uterine wall or accompanied by bleeding due to the absence of fertilization. Menstrual cycle disorders are caused by several factors including stress, endocrine disorders, diet, nutritional status, nutrient intake, physical activity and sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between macronutrient intake and menstrual cycle female adolescents of SMK Negeri 2 Tuban. Analytical research method with cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was adolescent girls of SMK Negeri 2 Tuban totaling 201 respondents, as samples randomited by simple random sampling echniquel. Independent variable of macronutrients and dependent variable of menstrual cycle. The analysis in this study used the spearmans correlation statistical test. The results showed that energy and carbohydrate intake was almost half normal at 47.3% and 43.8%. While the protein intake is mostly normal at 57.2% and fat intake is almost half experiencing excess intake at 44.3%. Statistical test results were obtained (p < 0.05), energy intake (p = 0.000), protein intake (p = 0.003), fat intake (p = 0.000) , and carbohydrate intake (p = 0.000). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between macronutrient intake and menstrual cycle in adolescent girls of SMK Negeri 2 Tuban.

Treatment motivation in adolescent girls with obesity

Background. The prevalence of obesity among children is increasing, which is a serious healthcare problem. In healthcare, the problem of motivation affects an important area that reflects its effectiveness – patient motivation for treatment. A decrease in treatment motivation reduces therapeutic effect, increases the complication rate of the underlying disease, reduces the quality of life of patients and increases treatment costs.The aim of the work. To identify the differences in treatment motivation in adolescent girls with obesity.Materials and methods. The pilot study was carried out at the clinic of the Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems. The study included 40 girls aged 14–16 years suffering from grade 1 obesity. To study treatment motivation, we used the following methods: J. Nuttin’s, D. McClelland’s, S.R. Panteleev’s, J.K. Collins’, method of the self-conception research, the “Type of Attitude Towards the Disease” method; attitude towards the disease.Results. The study showed that the adolescents who were admitted into hospital for the first time had higher treatment motivation during the study than the adolescents who were readmitted into hospital. The adolescents who were readmitted into hospital felt guilty remorse, anxious suspiciousness, and fear of failure. The dominant type of treatment motivation in both groups consisted of the following attitudes: achieving symptomatic improvement; receiving a “secondary gain” from the disease; other motivation (passive position).Conclusion. The obtained data from the study of treatment motivation in adolescent girls with obesity can be used to optimize the process of therapy of such patients in a hospital setting.

Long-Term Outcome and Mortality in Adolescent Girls 8 Years After Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa.

Assessment of the longer-term outcome of anorexia nervosa (AN) in female adolescent inpatients (N = 132). A follow-up (mean 8.2 years) after treatment was conducted. A subsample of 39 patients with at least 10 years of follow-up (mean 14 years) was defined. Over the 8-year follow-up period, the body mass index (BMI) increased from 14.33 (1.65) to 19.04 kg/m2 (2.97; t[112] = 17.33, p < 0.001, d = 1.63), and BMI percentiles increased from 0.50 (1.14) to 24.96 (26.81; t[112] = 9.83, p < 0.001, d = 0.92). Remission was found in 32.5% (8-year total sample) and 48.6% (14-year subsample). In the 8-year total sample, 15.1% still had AN or had relapsed (8.1% in the 14-year subsample). A cross-over from AN to binge-eating disorder was rare. The main cross-over occurred from AN to an eating disorder not otherwise specified (37.5% and 27.0%, respectively). The standardized mortality ratio was 21.7. In the long run, eating disorder diagnoses decreased significantly. Although a considerable proportion of patients recovered from their eating disorder, the number of recovered patients remained limited, with long-term negative consequences in a large proportion of patients. Standardized mortality was excessive, calling for ever-better therapies. Additional studies are needed to show if improved therapies lead to a better long-term outcome.

An Efficient Anthropometric Model to Measure BMI Values of Adolescent Girls in Karnataka Rural Areas and Recommend Food Nutrition to Predict from Anemia Problems

An Efficient Anthropometric Model to Measure BMI Values of Adolescent Girls in Karnataka Rural Areas and Recommend Food Nutrition to Predict from Anemia Problems

Applying CFIR to assess multi-level barriers to PrEP delivery in rural South Africa: Processes, gaps and opportunities for service delivery of current and future PrEP modalities

Despite established efficacy for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing HIV incidence, multi-level barriers within the health system, clinics, and the processes that shape practice have hindered service delivery and subsequent population-level effects. We applied the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to assess the context of PrEP delivery for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in rural South Africa and identify the factors supporting and impeding PrEP implementation to develop strategies to improve PrEP delivery. Between 2021 and 2022, we conducted in-depth interviews with five young women with PrEP use experience and 11 healthcare providers as well as four key informant stakeholder interviews. Tailored interviews organized around the CFIR domains provided multiple perspectives on the inter-connected processes, gaps, and opportunities between health systems, clinics, communities, and PrEP services. Shifts in PrEP policies, funding pressures, and inconsistent communications from the National Department of Health spurred fragmented planning, engagement, execution, and monitoring of PrEP delivery processes within clinics already struggling to address multiple population health needs. Resulting challenges included: conflicting priorities within clinics and across NGO partners, unclear goals and targets, staffing and space constraints, and insufficient community engagement. Individual clinics’ implementation climate and readiness to deliver PrEP varied in terms of operational plans and delivery models. Interviewees reported complexity of initiation procedures and support for PrEP maintenance, with opportunities to improve systems communications and processes to facilitate integrated services and more user-friendly experiences. Applying CFIR identified opportunities to strengthen PrEP delivery across levels within this complex service delivery setting.

The importance of hair satisfaction in appearance evaluation among black adolescent girls

Physical appearance evaluation is important in the emotional wellbeing of adolescent girls; however, hair satisfaction may be a distinct domain of appearance evaluation, particularly for Black adolescent girls. In a cross-sectional study of 193 low-income adolescent girls (Mean age = 15.4), we test if: 1) Black adolescent girls differ in hair satisfaction relative to White and Latina adolescent girls; 2) hair satisfaction is related to discrimination experiences among Black adolescent girls; 3) hair satisfaction is more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in Black versus White and Latina adolescent girls (i.e., moderating effects). Results indicate that Black adolescent girls report less hair satisfaction than White (d = −.79) and Latina (d = −.60) adolescent girls. Importantly, this was the only area of appearance evaluation in which racial/ethnic differences emerged compared to other domains (i.e., overall body, weight, face, lower torso, mid torso, and upper torso). Hair satisfaction was significantly inversely correlated with discrimination experiences only among Black adolescent girls (r = −.31), and hair satisfaction predicted lower depressive symptoms only among Black adolescent girls (β = −.53). These findings highlight the importance of considering hair in appearance evaluation research in adolescents and incorporating hair in interventions to promote positive body image.