Adobe Photoshop CS6 Research Articles

Osteocranium Anatomy of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) from Cultured Pond in Aceh, Indonesia

To date, information related the skeletal morphology of fish in Indonesia is still limited. Therefore, we firstly described the morphology of the cranium of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) collected from aquaculture pond in Aceh Province, Indonesia. In the present study, research methodology included the preparation of cranium, photographing, editing images and identifying the terminology of cranium. The cranium was prepared physically and chemically. Each part of the cranium was documented using a Canon EOS 700D camera and edited using Adobe Photoshop CS6. The cranium nomenclature was determined by comparing the similarity of the shape and location of each part of the fish cranium that has been studied previously. The cranium of African catfish was divided into two major parts, namely neurocranium (ossa neurocranii) and splanchnocranium (ossa splanchnocranii). Neurocranium had four regions belonging to etmoidal, orbital, otic and occipital, while splanchnocranium had five regions belonging to maxillaris, mandibularis, arcus mandibularis, arcus hyoideus, and apparatus operculare. The African catfish had a strong and thick neurocranium structure. However, orbital, arcus hyoideus and apparatus operculare regions were not well developed. The results of this study could be used as a basic for further research, especially in the field of taxonomy and phylogeny of fish.

Determining the Association Between Density of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M3 in Myocardium and Tunica Media of Coronary Vasculature and Self‐Reported Disease States

Myocardial infarction causes parasympathetic dysfunction in cardiovascular tissue, where central parasympathetic drive decreases but local acetylcholine levels are unchanged. However, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (AChM3R) is shown to have mediating effects in cardiac tissue and vasculature, such as regulation of heart rate and vasodilation of coronary arteries. The objective of this study is to determine the association between AChM3R levels in the heart wall and in the coronary vasculature with self‐reported disease states from cadaver donor records.Biopsies of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the underlying anterior interventricular septum (AIVS) were taken from 14 cadavers as opportunity samples. A 5 mm biopsy of the LAD and its underlying AIVS were harvested 2.54‐3.81cm from the bifurcation point of the left coronary artery, depending on the tissue integrity of the cadaver specimen. The tissues were immunostained for AChM3R (CHRM3 NB100‐58975 at 1:2000) and visualized using a DAB chromogen. Slides were digitally scanned into a virtual image at 20x using the Motic Easyscan (Motic, Inc.). Images were segmented for tunica media and myocardium using Adobe Photoshop CS (Adobe, Inc.). We developed code in Python to calculate the strong positive and positive staining of the tissues. The number of pixels stained was normalized to the tissue area. The donors from which tissue was biopsied were classified into cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD), or both cerebrovascular and AD disease categories based on self‐reported donor declarations. We used SPSS (v27, IBM, Inc.) to run a Pearson correlation to determine the association of staining positivity in the anatomical regions and a MANOVA to determine significant differences in the amount of pixel positivity in the tunica media and myocardium as a function of disease classification.Strong positive and positive staining of the myocardium were not correlated with strong positive in the tunica media. There was a significant, strong, and positive relationship between strong myocardium staining and positive tunica media staining (r =.727, n=14, p=.003) as well as positive myocardium and positive tunica media staining (r=.674, n=14, p=.008). There is no significant difference between the amount of AChM3R staining and disease classification.The lack of correlation between strong positive in the tunica media and positive and strong positive in the myocardium suggests that changes in the AChM3R of coronary vascular smooth muscle are independent of the AChM3R state in the heart wall. However, significant correlation between strong positive in the myocardium and positive in the tunica media indicates that changes in AChM3R in the myocardium could be dependent on the presence of a baseline amount of AChM3R in the coronary vascular smooth muscle. Categorization of donor disease states may be too broad to provide statistical significance. Many donors reported co‐morbid diseases, which could have affected the influence of cardiovascular disease and dementia on AChM3R modulation. These findings highlight that interventions targeting parasympathetic dysfunction of coronary vasculature may leave the underlying heart wall unaffected. Future studies should consider cardiovascular disease diagnoses to assess AChM3R distribution in the heart wall and coronary vasculature.

Topical Application of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Liquid as a Novel and Minimally Invasive Treatment for Post-Gingival Depigmentation: A Case Report

Background: Gingival depigmentation is a common perio–esthetic surgery which results in extensive open wounds, discomfort and increased risk of infection. Cellulosebased periodontal dressing (CBP) can protect the wound, has less toxicity than Coe-Pak but no curative effect. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane has been shown to accelerate wound healing after gingival depigmentation, but it requires suturing which causes patient discomfort. A simple and minimally invasive technique is needed to optimize the use of PRF which is convenient for both the operator and the patient.
 Objective: To investigate post-gingival depigmentation outcome – wound healing, pain and post-surgical complaint – after PRF liquid application compared to CBP.
 Case Report: A 24-year-old male presented with a complaint of blackish gum that affected his self-confidence. The patient had a history of smoking for the last five years. Gingival depigmentation was carried out using a scalpel followed by the application of CBP (right) and PRF liquid (left). Evaluation was done using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Healing Index (HI) on days 3, 7 and 14 after depigmentation, followed by evaluation using the Adobe Photoshop CS2.
 Results: On day 3, the PRF HI was higher than that of the CBP. No postoperative complaint in the PRF group and the VAS score was similar.
 Conclusion: The results suggest that PRF liquid provides better post-gingival depigmentation healing than CBP on the third day post treatment. Furthermore, utilization of PRF liquid is expected to be an alternative for minimally invasive open wounds management especially post-gingival depigmentation.
 Keywords: gingival pigmentation, platelet-rich fibrin liquid, cellulose-based periodontal dressing, wound healing, case report

MULTIMEDIA SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FIQIH MENGGUNAKAN ADOBE FLASH CS5

Multimedia as a fiqh learning medium at MI Ma'arif Darussolihin Jonggrangan which can increase students' learning interest so as not to quickly feel bored in receiving lessons, to improve student learning achievements as expected, especially in fiqh subjects, considering that the results of student learning achievements are currently not as expected. Namely, the average class is 6.8, while the common value of competency of fiqh subjects that apply today is 7.7. Currently, the approach applied by teachers in fiqh learning still uses a conventional approach. The research method used by researchers is the waterfall model. They are designing a multimedia-based fiqh learning media MI Ma'arif Darussolihin Jonggrangan using the Action Script programming language. Design the system using Adobe Flash CS5 version 9.0 software and graphics processing, using Adobe Photoshop CS5 version 11.0 and Corel Draw X7 software. At the time of all the pretests obtained an average score of 38.95, and students were declared incomplete, while posttests got an average score of 81.4 with a proportion of 92.1% completion with the results of 35 students declared complete while three were declared incomplete. So that it can be said that the application of learning media in the study of fiqh can improve student learning outcomes. The results of this study are a multimedia-based fiqh learning medium that can help solve problems about student achievement results that have not been in line with expectations

Quantitative assessment of optic disc photographs in normal and open-angle glaucoma patients

Background: The purpose of the study was to quantitively assess the optic nerve head (ONH) parameters from fundus photographs in normal and open-angle glaucoma patients and to compare them with those provided by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Material and methods: This study compares 30 glaucomatous eyes to 30 healthy control eyes. One eye from each subject was randomly enrolled. From color photographs, different parameters were measured using image processing software (Adobe Photoshop CS6) after delimiting the boundaries of the optic disc and the excavation. The correlation between these measurements and those obtained by SD-OCT was evaluated. Results: Glaucomatous and normal patients groups were comparable in terms of age (p = 0.94), sex (p = 0.57), presence of diabetes (p = 0.52), hypertension (p = 0.40), and smoking (p = 0.67). The areas of the optic disc and the cup were significantly larger in glaucomatous patients (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). The area of the neuroretinal rim was smaller in glaucomatous patients (p < 0.001). The vertical and horizontal cup-to-disc ratios were larger in glaucomatous patients (p < 0.001). The thicknesses of the rim in the four meridians were significantly reduced in the glaucoma group. The “ISNT” rule was fully respected in 87% of normal eyes and in only 2 cases (7%) of the glaucoma group (p < 0.001). There was an excellent correlation between different measurements obtained on photography and those provided by the SD-OCT. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was R = 0.95 (p <0.0001) for the optic disc area, R = 0.94 (p < 0.0001) for the rim area, and R = 0.98 (p < 0.0001) for the vertical cup-to-disc ratio. Conclusion: Color photography is very useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma. The determination of normative values can further corroborate its interest in this indication. Despite the relatively high interobserver variability, ONH parameters obtained on photography showed excellent correlation with those measured by OCT

Pengembangan media pembelajaran quiz game untuk keterampilan membaca aksara jawa peserta didik kelas v sekolah dasar

The purpose of this study was to describing the development of quiz game learning media for Javanese script reading skills in fifth grade students of Mangkubumen Kidul elementary shool, Laweyan District, Surakarta. This research is a called RnD (research and development) and get to the stage of development. The research subjects were in fifth grade students of Mangkubumen Kidul elementary school, totaling 8 students. Sources of data come from students and teachers. Data collection techniques using interviews and document analysis. Validation techniques are carried out by material expert, media expert, and practitioner expert. The results of this product was in the good category with the precentage the material expert of 88,54%, the media expert of 98,75, and the practitioner expert of 85,22%. The process of creating learning media using Construct2 to build the program and Adobe Photoshop CS6 and CorelDRAW X5 to make a graphic design. The final result of this research is a product quiz game learning media for Javanese script reading skills that can be access on the device or smartphone.

Innovative Printed Scarf Designs Utilizing Crochet Motifs

This work suggests innovative printed scarf designs using crochet motifs as a source of influence and inspiration to add a modern sense to crochet as a traditional craft, keeping up with fashion and creating a competitive product. This work used Adobe Photoshop CS6 software to enhance the images of the original motifs and then saved them in a PNG format with a transparent background and then used them for scarf designs. Eight rectangular and four square scarves were designed in predetermined dimensions. The suggested scarf designs were printed on chiffon and satin fabrics using the sublimation printing method. Finally, the designs have been statistically investigated by specialists in the clothing and textile fields and final printed scarves to evaluate the originality of the idea, quality of the design, and final product according to Likert's five-point scale. There was a statistical significance that the proposed scarf designs created an acceptable competitive product according to the questionnaire

The effect of glide path preparation on the shaping ability of XP-endo® Shaper in simulated canals

Aims: To compare the shaping efficiency of the XP-endo Shaper with or without glide path preparation with sequenced Scout Race files in J-shaped resin blocksMaterial and Methods: Forty simulated J-shaped root canals were classified into two groups (n=20). While the root canals were shaped with XPS after a glide path was created with Scout Race files in Group 1, the same procedures were done without the glide path preparation in Group 2. The pre-and post-instrumentation images were taken and superimposed. Transportation value (TV), centering ability (CA) and the total amount of resin removed (TRR) was calculated by using the obtained images with Adobe Photoshop CS5 software. These parameters were calculated based on 18 reference points (9 inner/9 outer walls) with 1-mm intervals according to 3 sections (coronal, middle, and apical of the canals). The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and then Dunn's multiple comparison tests (p ≤ 0.05).Results: More resin was removed in Group 2 apical and coronal sections than in Group 1 (p=0.036). In Group 2, a higher transportation value was obtained in apical and middle sections compared to Group 1 (p<0.001). Group 1 showed a higher centering ratio in apical and middle sections than in Group 2 (p<0.001). The centering ability of the instruments was decreased in the curvature part (middle section) of the canals.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, glide path preparation using Scout Race instruments improved the shaping ability of XPS instrument by leading to less transportation and maintaining centering ability.

Word Formation of New Terms in Adobe Photoshop Program: Implication for the Teaching English Vocabulary

The development of technology may impact educational field. Research on technology and language learning shows that technology may provide some opportunities for students to get an easy access in information, integrated learning, and easy way to practice what they learn. The language created in the computer program can be used as a communication tool for its application, including in teaching English. Nowadays, using computer can support language learning. Regarding this point, this study aims to analyze new terms found in Adobe Photoshop Program.
 Further, the researchers also described morphological processes of the new terms in Adobe Photoshop program in teaching English vocabulary. While, the design of this research is descriptive qualitative design. The result shows compound and derived words can be classified as new terms in Adobe Photoshop CS4. Related to teaching vocabulary, the results show that teaching English vocabulary through word formation found in new terms in Adobe Photoshop Program may give an impact on students’ vocabulary development.

Fractal analysis as a method of morphometric study of linear anatomical objects: modified Caliper method

The purpose of the study was to develop an original modification of the Caliper method of image fractal analysis to determine the fractal dimension of linear anatomical objects. To develop the method, the linear contour of the outer surface of the cerebral cortex was chosen as the object of study. Magnetic resonance brain images in coronal projection were used. The original modification of the Caliper method includes image analysis using Adobe Photoshop CS5 software or its analogues. The linear contour of the studied object is selected, followed by stepwise smoothing of the contour with different smoothing radius. At the 1st stage of fractal analysis smoothing is not applied, at the 2nd stage the smoothing radius is 2 pixels, the 3rd – 4 pixels, the 4th – 8 pixels, the 5th – 16 pixels. At each stage, the contour length in pixels is measured (P). The size of the fractal measurement unit (G) at the 1st stage of fractal analysis is 1 pixel, the 2nd stage – 2 pixels, the 3rd stage – 4 pixels, the 4th stage – 8 pixels, the 5th stage – 16 pixels. The contour smoothing radius, the size of the fractal measurement units and the number of stages of fractal analysis can be changed depending on the characteristics of the studied structure, size, scale and image resolution. Based on the values of the perimeter and the size of the fractal measurement units, the number of fractal measurement units covering the studied object (N) is calculated: N=P/G. The fractal dimension value is calculated based on the N and G values. The modification of the Caliper method described in this paper is automatized and does not require much time required for manual calculation. In addition, compared to the classic Caliper method, this modification is more accurate because the measurement is performed automatically. The main limitation of the developed modification is the ability to determine the fractal dimension of only closed contours of studied structures or closed linear structures, because this method involves determining the length of the closed perimeter of the selected image area. The modified Caliper method of image fractal analysis described in this paper can be used in morphology and other fields of medicine for fractal analysis of linear objects: external and internal linear contours of different anatomical structures (cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres) and pathological foci (tumors, foci of necrosis, fibrosis, etc.).

Dimensional stability of stored extended-pour irreversible hydrocolloids materials

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the linear dimensional stability of four extended-pour irreversible hydrocolloids (EPIHs). Material and Methods: Five samples per material (Cavex ColorChange, Cavex Orthotrace, Jeltrate Plus, and Orthoprint) were prepared following the manufacturers’ instructions. The samples were prepared using a cylindrical matrix coupled with a nylon-polyamide ring. Two parallel, 25-mm equidistant lines were made on its surface following ANSI/American Dental Association (ADA) Specification 18 for plaster reproducibility and compatibility and Specification 19 for linear dimensional change. The samples were stored in an environment with a relative humidity of 70% (± 3) and temperature of 28°C (± 2). Photo images were obtained using a digital camera to record images for 120 hours, with a standardized distance of 80cm between the lens and the specimen. Adobe Photoshop CS3 software was used for the measurement of the recorded images. The measurements refer to the equivalent distance between the two parallel lines printed on the samples. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons between the means of the groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) when EPIHs were compared at the same time of evaluation. Orthoprint, Cavex Orthotrace, and Cavex Colorchange presented with least dimensional stability up to 24 hours (p > 0.05) of storage, followed by Jeltrate Plus (48 hours). Conclusions: Storage of EPIHs for more than 24 hours for Cavex ColorChange and 48 hours for others EPIHs studied produces significant dimensional changes in the impressions stored at a humidity of 70% (± 3) and temperature of 28°C (± 2). Extended storage times produce large dimensional changes.

Design and Development of Smartphone Application Control

Smartphone Application Control is a project designed to block other phone applications that have excessive use by users. Excessive phone use is often experienced by children aged 7-18 years old. At the same time, many parents nowadays do not have time all day long to monitor and limit the use of their children’s phone due to work. The efforts of the mass media to advise on the use of phone do not give much positive impact on these children. Therefore, a robust alternative such as Smartphone Application Control is essential to curb these issues. To develop this application, a methodological approach has been used namely the Evolutionary Prototyping model. Android Studio version 3.6.2 is used to develop this application while SQLite Database acts as a database for storing all application usage statistics and Google-Cloud Firebase is used to store user-related information for user authentication purposes. To create an attractive user interface, Adobe Photoshop CS6 is used to design background and interface buttons. This app is able to track usage hours of other apps and block them if they exceed their daily usage limits. The time limit for such use can only be set by parents. Additionally, notification of excess usage will be sent to parents via email as a notification. A pop-up alert notification will be issued when user has reached his or her application limit. Smartphone Application Control is very important in helping user to control their phone usage behaviour.

Trends and Drivers of Refugees in Africa

Introduction: Increase in refugees’ population poses great political, socio-economic and health challenges to Africa. This study aims to discuss the trends and drivers of refugees in African countries based on their country of origin. Methods: This study utilized secondary data on the population of refugees in all African countries from 1990 to 2017 based on their countries of origin. The data utilized were compiled by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugee (UNHCR) and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2019, IBM SPSS 25 and Adobe Photoshop CS6. Results: Seven countries account for about 66.3% of the refugee population in Africa within 1990 to 2017, five of which are in East Africa. The trend in population of African refugees from 1990 to 2017 can be divided into four phases. Phase one, a sharp decline in refugee population from 1990 till 1992, 1994 till 1997; phase two, a sharp rise in population of refugees’ from 1992 till 1994; phase three, a relatively stable period from 1998 till 2011 and phase four, an acute rise from 2011 till 2017 where it peaks. The drivers of African refugee migration are climate change, natural disasters, economic hardship, and violence and tensions. Conclusion: The refugee population over three decades has been on the rise with occasional periods of decline. This poses great socio-economic and health challenges to the refugees as well as the host countries themselves. It is therefore necessary that the government and other concerned stakeholders create solutions to the causes of this increase in refugee population.

A Digital Radiographic Study of Age Estimation Using Area-specific Formula in Odisha Population

The aim of the article was to evaluate the feasibility of pulp/tooth area ratio in three mandibular teeth, namely left canine, left first premolar, and left second premolar (33, 34, and 35), as an indicator of age using digital panoramic radiograph and Kvaal's parameters. The study also aimed at computing an area-specific formula for age estimation in Odisha population. Observation and analysis of 50 digital orthopantomographs (OPGs) and clinical data of patients were made. These images were saved as high-resolution JPEG files. Using the Adobe Photoshop CS3 (extended) image editing software program (Adobe Systems Inc, San Jose, California, United States), the pulp/tooth area ratio of 33, 34, and 35 was analyzed. These ratios were substituted in Odisha population-specific formula, derived using principal component regression analysis. The mean chronological age was 33.24 years. Principal component regression analysis was used to derive multiple regression formulae for individual teeth as well as a combined formula. R2 (coefficient of determination) for combined three mandibular teeth was highest (0.7769) with a standard error of 4.5969 years and thus was a better predictor of age in the population of Odisha. In terms of an individual tooth, comparison between chronological and predicted age revealed that left second mandibular premolar (35) had highest correlation to actual age. Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient showed correlation between age and the mean of ratios from combined three mandibular teeth was stronger than that of single tooth. In the present study, second left mandibular premolar showed highest correlation to actual age when used alone. The use of three teeth in combination increased the correlation. This Odisha-specific formula showed promising results and can be used for forensic applications in this population. Using three different teeth for age estimation proved to be a better predictor of age in the Odisha population. Moreover, the obtained formula can act as a standard and be used for anthropological or forensic investigations in the said population.

Effectiveness of the vahanwala method in determining sex through cheiloscopy in scanned impressions of a group of peruvian students

To demonstrate the effectiveness to determine sex through cheiloscopy using the Vahanwala method in scanned lip impressions at the Tupac Amaru Apurímac Secondary Training Entity for Minors in Lima, Peru in 2017. 94 lip imprint samples were collected for the study, of which 44 were from male and 50 from females. The lip prints were made using black lipstick, adhesive tape, swabs, and bond paper. After the collection, a HP Deskjet 2540 scanner was used to obtain images of the lip prints, and these were analyzed with the Adobe Photoshop CS6 program. The following aspects were recorded and evaluated; type of labial grooves, distribution of the labial commissures, lip thickness and the relationship these aspects had in the differentiation of gender. Concordance between the result of the method and the real sex of the lip print was evaluated with the statistical-kappa test. 55.4% presented horizontal labial commissures in both sexes, 45.5% of the males presented medium lip thickness, while 34.0% of the females presented mixed type lip thickness. In relation to lip furrows, class IV furrows predominated in 59.2% of men, with class I and II furrows being found in 72.0% of women. The Vahanwala method is effective for sex determination using scanned lip impressions.

PEMBUATAN NEON BOX, BROSUR DAN STIKER SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI PADA SANGGAR RIAS SEKAR SARI SEMARANG

Promotion is an important activity carried out in developing a business and business, promotion is thespearhead of the sustainability of a business itself. Lack of promotion can be an incentive for people to lookelsewhere than the place of business itself. Therefore, a special strategy is needed to advertise and inform acompany.Sekar Sari makeup studio is a service that functions personally to assist the bride and groom and theirfamilies in planning and supervising the implementation of a series of wedding events according to apredetermined schedule and budget. Therefore, to introduce or inform it, a print promotion media is neededso that all circles of society can recognize it.Based on this, the authors make print promotional media in the form of neon boxes, brochures andstickers with the aim of introducing or informing the Sekar Sari Rias Studio Semarang as a company thatprovides bridal makeup services and planning the implementation of a series of wedding events.Making designs based on existing theories and using design principles and then processing them withcomputer programs such as Adobe Photoshop CS 5.

The Effect of Red Paprika Juice (Capsium annum) Addition into the Feed to Brightness of The Red Comet Fish Colour (Carassium auratus)

This study aims to determine the color change of comet fish (Carasium auratus) after being given additional feed in the form of red paprika juice. Measurement of the fish color was carried out every 10 days for 1 month and visual observations were made with digital photos and analyzed the colors using Adobe Photoshop CS4 software. In this study, different concentrations of paprika juice were used. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD).There were 5 treatments, namely P0 without the addition of red paprika juice (control), P1 with the addition of 2% paprika juice, P2 with the addition of 4% paprika juice, P3 with the addition of 6% paprika juice, and P4 with the addition of 8% paprika juice, which was performed on 3 times for each. The research data were analyzed using statistical analysis Unvariate One Way Analysis of Variance at 5% level with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the highest increase in color quality was obtained in the P3 treatment with an average value of 63.85 ± 2.12, the highest specific weight growth rate was obtained in P3 treatment with an average value of 60.825 ± 0.59 days, the highest specific length growth rate was obtained atP3 treatment with an average value of 1.37 ± 0.28 grams, while at the survival rate there is a significant value or not significantly different. The conclusion of this study is the effect of adding red paprika juice in the feed affects the color quality and specific growth rate, while the survival rate is not affected. Furthermore, the dose of red paprika juice added to the feed can improve the color quality of comet fish with the highest value found in P3 (with the addition of 6% paprika juice), namely 63.85.

An origami paper-based peptide nucleic acid device coupled with label-free DNAzyme probe hybridization chain reaction for prostate cancer molecular screening test

Prostate cancer associated 3 (PCA3) assay has been used to improve prostate cancer diagnosis and reduce unnecessary biopsies. In this work, we successfully developed a new PCA3 assay on an origami paper-based peptide nucleic acid device (oPAD). The PCA3 oPAD comprises an acrylic cassette and shutter slides to facilitate the molecular reaction and liquid control occurring on the paper surface. To quantify PCA3, a pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acid (acpcPNA) was immobilized onto the aldehyde-modified oPAD surface as a selective capture probe. A G-quadruplex (GQD) DNAzyme reporter probe was designed so that the PCA3 gene target binding triggered the hybridization chain reaction of the reporter probe, resulting in the accumulation of the GQD on the oPAD. The peroxidase activity of the GQD-hemin generated a deep green color of the oxidized ABTS substrate. Image analyses were performed in Adobe Photoshop CS6. The proposed oPAD was successfully applied in PCA3 detection ranges of 1–5 μM (r2 = 0.982) with a limit of detection of 0.5 μM. Our proposed oPAD was demonstrated to measure PCA3 samples in both urine matrix and human cancer cell lines. The results reveal the great potential of our origami paper-based platform to be an alternative approach for facile, rapid, and low-cost detection of PCA3 in real samples.

Analisis Plastisitas Fenotipe Kupu-Kupu Papilio ulysses Asal Papua

Papua has a high diversity of butterflies, especially in mainland areas. Most of the data on the diversity and distribution of Papilionoidea, such as the example of Papilio ulysses in the mainland of Papua, are well known. Butterfly research in Papua is mostly aimed at species richness and abundance. Based on the results of specimen collection at the Papua Insect Collection Laboratory (KSP) Br Henk van Mastrigt FMIPA UNCEN, it can be seen that there are differences in morphological characters between P. ulysses in several areas in Papua, especially in the highlands and lowlands. The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenotypic plasticity pattern of P. ulysses stored in the KSP Laboratory. This research method is descriptive quantitative. The research sample consisted of 58 specimens with perfect wing shapes. The specimens were collected from Jayapura, Sarmi, Mamberamo, Timika, Pegunungan Bintang, Waropen and Biak-Supiori. The samples were documented using a digital camera and observed for wing variations using the Adobe Photoshop CS5 and Image J free program. Based on the observations, it shows that there are significant differences in the shape and size of P. ulysses that are found on the mainland and on islands. The morphology of butterflies originating from large areas is bigger than those of butterflies on islands. This butterfly plasticity process is a form of morphological adaptation to the surrounding environment.  Key words: plasticity; P. ulysses; butterfly; Papua.

Comparison of two different digital occlusal analysis methods.

The aim of this study is to compare the sensitivity of T-Scan digital occlusal analysis system and the occlusal analysis mode of the CEREC Omnicam system, which is mainly used for design/production, using the data recorded at the maximum intercuspal position. Occlusal recordings were obtained from healthy20 females and 20 malesaged 18-25 at the maximum intercuspal position. Records were saved as.jpeg format and transferred to Adobe Photoshop CS6 program. Blue, green, and red colors (shown by the same color codes in both systems) representing light, intense, and tight contacts, respectively, were evaluated in terms of the pixel counts. For statistical comparison, the differences between the systems independent sample T test and, between the genders, one sample T test were used (α = 0.05). The total numbers of pixels of all colors which are evaluated with T-Scan and CEREC Omnicam in females were 31,296.6 and 15,745, respectively, and in males 39,812.3 and 17,462, respectively. In both systems, the blue contact area is the most seen. For all colors tested, T-Scan recorded more contact than those of CEREC Omnicam in both genders and statistically significant difference was found between two systems for all colors. In both systems, recorded contacts are significantly higher in men than in women. Compared with women, 27% more contact area was recorded in men with T-Scan and 11% more with CEREC Omnicam was obtained. While T-Scan was found sensitive even in the diagnosis of light contacts, the CEREC Omnicam was found sensitive only in the diagnosis of tight contacts. Although both T-Scan and CEREC Omnicam are effective in occlusal analysis, T-Scan's sensitivity was found to be higher. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04798729.