Refugee Admissions Research Articles

Selective ambulatory management of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in paediatric refugees

Background: Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria is a leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. In developed countries, it is widely recommended that even patients with uncomplicated Pf malaria are hospitalised...

The Use and Misuse of ‘National Security’ Rationale in Crafting U.S. Refugee and Immigration Policies

Since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, U.S. immigration and refugee policy has developed based on narrow and evolving theories of ‘national security’. Immigration reform legislation, federal regulations, and administrative policy changes have been justified in terms of the nation’s safety. On 1 March 2003, the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was folded into the massive new U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), formally making immigration a homeland defense concern. Counterterror and immigration experts increasingly agree on what constitute effective and appropriate immigration policy reforms in light of the terrorist threat. Unfortunately, many of the post-September 11 policy changes do little to advance public safety and violate the rights of refugees and asylum seekers. These include reductions in refugee admissions, the criminal prosecution of asylum seekers, the blanket detention of Haitians, and a safe third-country asylum agreement between the United States and Canada. Other measures offend basic rights and may undermine counterterror efforts. These include ‘preventive’ arrests, closed deportation proceedings, and ‘call-in’ registration programs. This article reviews post-September 11 U.S. policy developments based on their impact on migrant rights and their efficacy as counterterror measures. It argues for a more nuanced and rigorous sense of ‘national security’ in crafting refugee and immigration policy.

New Zealand's Changing Attitudes towards Asian Immigration, 1999–2004

This study surveys and analyzes articles related to Asian immigration and immigrants published in two leading New Zealand publications, the Listener and the National Business Review (NBR), during the period of 1999–2004. It found that articles in both publications reflected changing attitudes of the public towards Asian immigration and immigrants. The NBR is supportive of Asian immigration because it believes that the financial and human capital brought in by Asian immigrants are important to the nation's economy. The Listener is more cautious because it is more concerned about the societal impacts caused by the Asian immigrant influx. However, the Listener is sympathetic towards refugees, accepting the economic and social strain they may bring while the NBR strongly opposes the admission of refugees because they may become an economic burden to New Zealand.

Political Legitimacy and Democracy

The term ‘political legitimacy’ is unfortunately ambiguous. One serious source of confusion is the failure to distinguish clearly between political legitimacy and political authority and to conflate political authority with authoritativeness. I will distinguish between (1) political legitimacy, (2) political authority, and (3) authoritativeness. I will also articulate two importantly different variants of the notion of political authority. Having drawn these distinctions, I will argue first that political legitimacy, rather than political authority, is the more central notion for a theory of the morality of political power. My second main conclusion will be that where democratic authorization of the exercise of political power is possible, only a democratic government can be legitimate. Another ambiguity is also a source of confusion. Sometimes it is unclear whether ‘legitimacy’ is being used in a descriptive or a normative sense. In this article I am concerned exclusively with legitimacy in the normative sense, not with the conditions under which an entity is believed to be legitimate. However, a normative account of legitimacy is essential for a descriptive account. Unless one distinguishes carefully between political legitimacy, political authority, and authoritativeness, one will not be clear about what beliefs in legitimacy are beliefs about.

Jews in twentieth-century Ireland: refugees, anti-Semitism and the Holocaust

Winner of the 1999 James S. Donnelly Sr. Prize awarded by American Conference for Irish Studies (ACIS). Based on extensive research in family and state archives in Ireland, England, and the United States, Professor Keogh studies the influx which followed the Russian pogroms and the establishment of enlarged Jewish communities in Dublin, Belfast, and Cork. The author contrasts the general rise of anti-Semitism and the background to the Limerick pogrom of 1904, with the world of Dublin Jews as personified by James Joyce's Leopold Bloom, and the contribution of the community to the professional, academic, social, and political life of the country. The book focuses on the relationship between the Jewish community and the Irish State under William T. Cosgave in the 1920's, and Eamon de Valera between 1932 and 1948. Professor Keogh lays particular emphasis on the role of Chief Rabbi Isaac Herog and his work on building up the community. He also examines the thinking of senior officials towards the admission of Jewish refugees in the late 1930's and charts de Valera's reponse to the Holocaust. This is the first book to offer a critical reassessment to this difficut period in Irish international relations. It will be of interest to those concerned with Jewish history, the study of intolerance, the international reaction to the Holocaust, and to the history of inter-war refugee policy

Images of Jews and Refugee Admissions in Brazil, 1939–42

This article focuses on immigration policy enforcement, or the lack of it, in Estado Novo Brazil. It suggests that formal government policies that prohibited Jews from entering Brazil were only one component of a very sophisticated overall “Jewish policy” that sought to appease two contradictory and powerful forces among Brazilian elites: large landowners and “modernizers” interested in industrial and agricultural development based on immigrant skills and capital, and urban nativists who sought to ban many immigrant groups that had traditionally entered Brazil under the “European” rubric. Furthermore, I argue that both the “advantages” and “disadvantages” that many Brazilian policy makers attributed to Jews were often based on longheld stereotypes. Such bigoted notions, as I show, had both positive and negative components, thus leading to their manipulation by competing forces such as Jewish relief organizations, the United States government and anti-Semitic Brazilian intellectuals and politicians heavily influenced by European pseudo-science and racism.

Myths about Immigrants

Public debate over immigration in the US is increasingly characterized by disagreements over facts and policy yet a rational assessment of policy alternatives depends upon a generally accepted factual base. It is important to distinguish the three different sets of rules governing 1) legal immigration 2) admission of refugees and asylum-seekers and 3) illegal migration. The failure of journalists to make these distinctions is mirrored by the popular notion that US immigration policy is driven solely by economic goals when immigration actually meets important social cultural and moral goals as well. Another misconception concerns the composition and flow of the immigrant population. Only about 15% of the 200 million in the 1990 census were illegal and while the number of foreign-born persons in the US is at an all-time high it accounts for a much lower percentage of the population (8%) that it did in 1870-1920. Each year 700000 arrive legally 100-150000 others are legal refugees and 200-300000 are undocumented. Journalistic confusion about numbers of arises because of unclear Immigration and Naturalization Service data which inflated figures of immigrants admitted between 1987 and 1991 to include the 1.1 million illegal granted legal status as a result of 1986 legislation. While many of the illegal are labor migrants who come and go each year from Mexico more than half enter the US legally and overstay their temporary visas. The diversity of immigration increased because of 1965 legislation and the number of countries represented by at least 100000 natives residing in the US has increased from 20 in 1970 to 41 in 1990. While the pace of immigration has increased the quality of the legal migrants in terms of educational credentials and household income also increased. Immigrants tend to be concentrated in California New York Texas Florida New Jersey and Illinois and to settle primarily in urban areas. Claims that steal jobs from natives are countered by the reality of the economic contributions made by legal immigrants. Immigrants also pay more than double in taxes for the public services they use and they give the US unappreciated advantages in the world economy through their intimate connections with other nations.

L’admission des « personnes déplacées » aux Etats-Unis : geste humanitaire ou arme idéologique ? (1945-1953)

In December 1945, President Truman led a conservative Congress to admit a limited number of Jewish and non-Jewish « Displaced Persons » (DP's) into the United States. The arguments he presented were mostly humanitarian. But in 1948, in spite of the powerful restrictionists, the admission of DP's and refugees from communist countries was perceived as an ideological weapon in the cold war. The humanitarian factor played a large role in the debates, yet foreign policy considerations were decisive.

From Immigration to Refugee Redefinition: A History of Refugee and Asylum Policy in the United States

Refugee policy in the United States is a recent offspring of American immigration policy. Like its parent, refugee admissions are firmly entangled in the thicket of national politics and are Janus-faced. One face presses for admission, the other urges restriction. While the gates of admission are always guarded, time and circumstance determine which face prevails.

The Conundrum of Refugee Protection in Canada: From Control to Compliance to Collective Deterrence

Canadian policy on the protection of refugees has evolved through three distinct traditions. During the first era, refugee protection was constructed as a matter of immigration control. Indeed, until the middle of the twentieth century, Canada had no law or policy specifically oriented to the admission of refugees. Refugees simply applied for permission to enter Canada under the auspices of the general immigration scheme, the primary purpose of which was to promote domestic economic interests. The erosion of this historical view of refugees as immigrants has occurred only gradually, such that even today most refugees protected by Canada must meet immigration selection criteria, in addition to showing that they are at risk in their home country.

Proposed Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 1992

Proposed Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 1992

President Establishes 1991 Refugee Admission Levels

President Establishes 1991 Refugee Admission Levels

The Refugee Act of 1980 and the Depoliticization of Refugee/Asylum Admissions

One of the objectives of the Refugee Act of 1980 was to eliminate a bias that existed in U.S. refugee admissions in favorof aliens from hostile countries of origin (countries with communist, socialist, and leftist forms of government). This analysis finds that the hostile country bias in refugee admissions was perpetuated (and even, in the case of the State Department, intensified) through policy implementation by agencies within the immigration bureaucracy since passage of the Refugee Act of 1980. Specifically, the INS and the State Department, in their post-1980 decision making on asylum and refugee applications, continue to favor aliens from hostile countries.

Refugees in History and in the History Classroom

The United States has been the world's most generous country of resettlement for people fleeing op pression. Since 1945, our country has accepted two million people who have left their homelands because of politi cal, racial, or religious persecution, a number over and above those who have been part of the far greater immigra tion stream. The United States has also borne the largest financial share of the costs of international programs to assist refugees. The admission of refugees is regulated by legislation enacted in 1980 in the aftermath of the accep tance of several hundred thousand refugees from Communist take overs in the countries formerly known as Indochina. Operation ally, the Refugee Act of 1980 was an effort to replace piecemeal leg islation and discretionary execu tive action with a clearly articu lated policy, a sequence of proce dures, and the expectation of a normal flow of fifty thousand annual admissions (an estimate that has regularly been exceeded). Philosophi cally, the Refugee Act represented an effort to remove refugee admissions from the service of Cold War goals: refugee status was to be awarded for humanitar ian reasons, whether or not the source of persecution was a Communist govern ment. In practice, the operational goal has been met with far greater success than the humanitarian one. Refugee admissions have continued to reflect the

Open Borders? Closed Societies? The Ethical and Political Issues.

Part I: Immigration Citizenship and Freedom of Movement: An Open Admission Policy? by Frederick G. Whelan Nationalism and the Exclusion of Immigrants: Lessons from Australian Immigration Policy by Joseph H. Carens The Force of Moral Arguments for a Just Immigration Policy in a Hobbesian Universe: The Contemporary American Example by John A. Scanlan and O.T. Kent Part II: Refugee Admission The Ethics of Refugee Policy by Peter and Renata Singer American Duties to Refugees: Their Scope and Limits by Andrew E. Schacknove Human Rights and U.S. Refugee Policy by Mark Gibney and Michael Stohl

The Politics of Immigration "Reform"

American immigration policy has evolved into a three-part compartmentalization, pertaining respectively to family reunion, the admission of refugees as well as asylum-seekers, and the procurement of labor. The latter has been the most problematic, and the object of intense activity by contending economic and political interests, with alignments cutting across the usual left-right continuum. The paper examines how the interplay of these forces shaped the legislative process resulting in enactment of the Immigration Reform and Control Art of 1986.

Opening and Closing the Doors: Evaluating Immigration Reform and Control

This book provides a clear outline of the major historical features of immigration to the United States; examines in detail the provisions, implementations to date, and potential effects of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA); and reviews recent trends in legal and illegal immigration and refugee admissions, together with recent proposals to further alter legal immigration policy. The last chapter moves beyond IRCA and a strictly legislative focus to a discussion of integration in relation to the U.S. economy, labor markets, and foreign policy.

RECEPTION

Journal Article RECEPTION Get access AUSTRALIAN IMMIGRATION LAW AND PROCEDURES PERTAINING TO THE ADMISSION OF REFUGEES / P. Hyndman. - McGill Law Journal = Revue de droit de McGill. - v. 33(4) (September 1988). - Montreal (Canada): McGill University. Faculty of Law. - p. 716-755ISSN 0024-9041 Refugee Survey Quarterly, Volume 8, Issue 2, June 1989, Page 40, https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/8.2.40 Published: 01 June 1989

Two Definitions of Efficiency in Law and Economics

Previous articleNext article No AccessTwo Definitions of Efficiency in Law and EconomicsStephen E. MargolisStephen E. Margolis Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Legal Studies Volume 16, Number 2Jun., 1987 Sponsored by The University of Chicago Law School Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/467838 Views: 60Total views on this site Citations: 12Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1987 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Michael Rodi Theory of State Decision-Making, (Dec 2022): 149–168.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66089-8_4Jonathan Hardman Some Legal Determinants of External Finance in Scotland: A Response to Lord Hodge, Edinburgh Law Review 21, no.11 (Jan 2017): 30–54.https://doi.org/10.3366/elr.2017.0388Daniel Monroy Valoración económica de recursos medioambientales, regulación y efecto dotación: Retos y –una– solución (Economic Valuation of Environmental Resources, Regulation, and Endowment Effect: Some Challenges and –One– Solution - in Spanish), SSRN Electronic Journal 26 (Jan 2016).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3889834Zelalem Mogessie Teferra The Dublin System of Refugee Admission: A Law and Economics Analysis, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2014).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2521180James Seldon Efficacy, Effectiveness and Efficiency in Human Resource Use, (Jan 2010).https://doi.org/10.1201/NOE0824750275.ch6.2Badrinath Srinivasan Public Policy and Setting Aside Patently Illegal Arbitral Awards in India, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2008).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1958201Michael C. I. Nwogugu Efficiency of Equity-Based Incentives Taxation, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2005).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.882130Björn Frank On an Art Without Copyright, Kyklos 49, no.11 (Feb 1996): 3–15.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1996.tb01381.xJames R. Seldon Efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency in human resource use: A primer on the three e's, International Journal of Public Administration 16, no.77 (Jan 1993): 921–943.https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699308524829John C. Moorhouse Joint torts and interfirm contracting, Atlantic Economic Journal 20, no.44 (Dec 1992): 10–20.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02300081Louis De Alessi Efficiency criteria for optimal laws: Objective standards or value judgements?, Constitutional Political Economy 3, no.33 (Sep 1992): 321–342.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393139Richard E. Wagner Crafting social rules: Common law vs. statute law, once again, Constitutional Political Economy 3, no.33 (Sep 1992): 381–397.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393142

5: Contrasting Patterns of Asian Refugee Movements: The Vietnamese and Afghan Syndromes

This chapter examines the main international migrations of Vietnamese after 1975 and Afghans after 1978. The two population flows are similar in many respects. They resulted from the same type of social conflict, consisting of revolutionary struggle compounded by foreign intervention. Both conflicts, moreover, became closely tied to the globalized confrontation between the two superpowers, and the people leaving both Vietnam and Afghanistan have been widely recognized as refugees by intergovernmental and governmental agencies. A striking difference between the two movements, however, is that most of the Afghans outside their country have remained in Asia, whereas few of the Vietnamese have. Apart from forming an interesting pair in and of themselves, the two cases are theoretically significant. They reveal crucial relationships between the causes and the directions of movement in certain types of migrations that are formally recognized as consisting of refugees. The Vietnamese represent the classic resettlement case involving a largescale, organized movement of people from Asia to Western Europe and the United States. The Afghans provide the contrasting case. Millions are concentrated in refugee camps or have spontaneously settled in neighboring countries, while only a tiny proportion has been resettled elsewhere.