Administrative-territorial Formations Research Articles

Правовой статус представителей Верховного лидера Исламской Республики Иран

The head of state in the Islamic Republic of Iran (hereinafter — IRI) — the Supreme Leader — has a number of specific powers in the field of public administration. Most of them are enshrined in Art. 110 of the Iranian Constitution. However, a number of powers do not have direct constitutional and legal consolidation. One of them is the appointment by the Supreme Leader of representatives to state bodies, universities, administrative-territorial formations of Iran and to certain foreign countries. Within the framework of this article, the main provisions of the legal status of the representatives of the Supreme Leader are considered. The study showed an extremely small amount of the regulatory framework governing the declared public relations, and, as a result, the breadth of powers of the representatives of the Supreme Leader.

ФІНАНСОВА СТІЙКІСТЬ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД У ВОЄННИЙ ЧАС: РОЛЬ ПОДАТКОВИХ ДОХОДІВ

Introduction. External aggression has become the backdrop against which the resilience of the local self-government system has manifested as an element of crisis management within the vertical system of public administration. The war has exacerbated territorial disparities and differentiated the challenges for local self-government bodies in various regions due to their distance from combat zones and occupation, leading to the emergence of new functions not typical for local self-government bodies. Problem Statement. These circumstances have precipitated a change in the conditions for the formation of tax revenues for the budgets of territorial communities. Firstly, there has been a transformation in the state's approach to budgetary and tax policy formation, reflected in amendments to budgetary and tax legislation. Secondly, hostilities have resulted in a shift in the spatial concentration of businesses and increased unevenness in population density as a consequence of forced displacement to safe areas. These factors have influenced the process of budgetary revenue accumulation at the local level and, consequently, the financial resilience of territorial communities and their capacity to fulfill their functions. Purpose. To analyze the accumulation of tax revenues for the budgets of territorial communities as a factor in ensuring/preserving their financial resilience. Methods. General scientific and specialized methods were employed, including analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, theoretical generalization, and abstract-logical reasoning. Results. Based on five indicators (tax capacity of budgets, tax sufficiency, tax autonomy, local taxes and fees, taxes on economic activity), an analysis of the formation of tax revenues for the budgets of territorial communities in the context of maintaining their financial resilience during the war against Ukraine has been conducted. An increase in disparities in the tax capacity of territorial communities and an increase in the number of administrative-territorial formations in a crisis state have been identified. The impact of two factors on the resilience stability of communities in wartime has been established: distance from combat zones and available economic potential. It has been demonstrated that communities with a high level of economic potential are characterized by higher financial resilience even in conditions of close proximity to the front line, as well as the significant role of large cities in maintaining financial and economic resilience in the region. Conclusions. It is argued that the system of tax revenue formation for territorial communities has become one of the main factors in preserving/ensuring financial resilience of territorial communities during wartime. The influence of high adaptability of economic actors in territorial communities on stabilizing the economy of communities in the second year of the war has been noted.

ЭПИЗООТИЧЕСКАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ ПО ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗУ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА В ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The purpose of research is to study and assess the current epizootic situation regarding tuberculosis in the administrative-territorial formations of the Omsk Region based on the results of allergic and bacteriological studies. The paper presents the results of an analysis of data from allergic and bacteriological stu¬dies on bovine tuberculosis conducted in the Omsk Region from 2016 to 2022. It is shown that after an increase by 2018 to 0.28 % of cases of detection of positive reactions in animals to intradermal administration of tuberculin subsequently noted a gradual decrease in their number to 0.10 % by 2022. As the compiled cartogram showed, over the entire observation period, the greatest degree of spread of delayed-type skin hypersensitivity was recorded in cattle in the southern districts of the region (Moskalensky, Isilkulsky and Pavlogradsky) with the absence or isolated cases of its manifestation in the northern districts. Due to the wide distribution of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in the region, which are the main cause of non-specific reactions during allergic testing, all animals that gave a positive reaction to intradermal injection of tuberculin are examined by palpebral test, which prevented the unreasonable slaughter of a significant number of cattle. Of the responders, from 1.73 to 4.32 % of heads with pronounced swelling were identified annually when the allergen was introduced into the thickness of the eyelid, with the most frequent cases of reaction observed in the Kalachinsky, Sargatsky, Lyubinsky, Pavlogradsky, Moskalensky and Isilkulsky Districts. When conducting bacteriological studies of biological material from forcedly killed animals over the entire period of observation, 33 strains of bovine mycobacteria and 7 strains of NTM of groups II and III according to the Runyon classification were isolated. Despite the significant improvement in the epizootic situation, the problem of bovine tuberculosis in the Omsk Region remains relevant today due to cases of registration of isolated foci of infection in the Isilkulsky, Tavrichesky and Muromtsevsky Districts of the Omsk Region.

Primary morbidity of adolescents in the Vilyui group of districts of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 1996–2021

The analysis of the primary morbidity of the adolescent population of the districts/uluses included in the Vilyui group (Verkhnevilyuisky, Vilyuisky, Mirninsky, Nyurbinsky and Suntarsky) has been carried out. First, we analyzed the morbidity data in the indicated uluses in a comparative aspect with all the administrative-territorial formations of the republic. At the same time, the levels of morbidity for certain classes of diseases were revealed in dynamics for the periods under consideration. It was found that, in terms of the incidence of adolescents, in general, the Suntarsky, Nyurbinsky and Verkhnevilyuisky uluses had a relatively better position, and the Vilyui ulus had a relatively worse position. In the Vilyui ulus, relatively high levels of primary morbidity are noted in 12 classes of diseases out of 17, while in the Nyurbinsky ulus – one each.

Main Goals of Implementing the Concept of Sustainable Urban Development in Russia: A Legal Aspect

The paper analyzes the main provisions of the concept of sustainable development in relation to cities. The authors elucidate the mechanism of implementation of the goals set out by the UN in the framework of Sustainable Development Goals 11 (SDG 11 or Global Goal 11), dedicated to ensuring openness, security, resilience and environmental sustainability of cities and human settlements. The authors provide examples of legal acts aimed at solving environmental, social and economic problems in Russia within the framework of SDG 11, enumerate pending problems, explain the need to develop the Concept for the transition of the Russian Federation to sustainable development containing a step-by-step action plan in this directionThe authors prove that it will be possible to talk about implementation of goals within the framework of SDG 11 only when the country approves a plan for the transition to sustainable development (including cities), including a description of the stages of transition, financing, responsible authorities, and, which is the most important, clear indicators that allow assessing implementation of the goals within the framework of each stage. It is a common practice in Russia to develop concepts as political and legal acts. Therefore, if there is political will, it is quite possible to develop such an instrument. The authors conclude that today we can assess the state of legislation and practical problems in the process of solving the goals set by the UN within the framework of SDG 11. They highlight that implementation of the goals under consideration is haphazard, but sometimes still effective. Attention is drawn to the fact that implementation of the goals within the framework of SDG 11, along with general problems that are equally relevant for all «ordinary» cities of Russia, for a number of «unusual» cities has its own specifics. These include, for example, Arctic cities, single-industry towns (due to the employment of the city’s population at 1-2 large enterprises, which entails an imbalance of economic and social interests), science cities, closed administrative-territorial formations (military towns).

Dynamics of the Epidemic Process of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Irkutsk Region in 2001–2021

The aim of this work was to analyze the spatial and temporal features of the epidemic process dynamics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Irkutsk Region in 2001–2021.Materials and methods. The data of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration for the Irkutsk Region, the Reference Center of the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute, the materials of the state statistical reporting form No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases”, and scientific publications were analyzed. The chronological and chorological features of the change in the incidence of TVE have been traced. In the latter case, the administrative-territorial formations (ATF) of the subject were differentiated by epidemiological risk groups over two ten-year periods: 2001–2010 and 2011–2020. At each time interval, the grouping of areas according to the level of TBE incidence was carried out using the calculation of 95% confidence interval. Time sequences of observations were analyzed using the construction of regression equations. Standard methods of variation statistics in the Microsoft Excel were deployed.Results and discussion. Over the course of the 21st century, the incidence of TBE in Irkutsk Region has been declining. Based on 2001–2010 data, there were no cases of TBE in six ATF, and endemic areas were divided into three groups: with low (15 districts), medium (6) and high (8) incidence of TBE. A separate assessment of morbidity rates was conducted in the administrative center of the entity, the city of Irkutsk. In 2011–2020, the structure of ATF with varying epidemiological risk of TBE underwent a change. Six non-endemic areas, groups of low (12 ATFs), medium (9), high (6) and very high (2) epidemiological risk were identified. The spatial arrangement of high epidemiological risk zones changed, and their area increased. Each ATF cluster with different TBE incidence in 2011–2020 is characterized by the number of TBE cases and the volume of measures to prevent the infection. It is concluded that preventive measures were insufficient in ATF groups of high and very high epidemiological risk.

The ‘perimeter’ prisoners of Russian secret cities: the case of ZATO Krasnoyarsk-26

Since the 1930s, the Gulag system of labour camps was a driving force behind the main geopolitical projects of the Soviet Union, playing a critical role in mega-infrastructural projects to colonise hitherto unexploited territories. Among these was the network of secret cities built at the dawn of the Cold War. Whilst outwardly appearing like ordinary cities — with their green boulevards, central squares, and civic facilities — they were fully controlled and managed by the state; over decades elite scientists and technicians were brought together in these new settlements to work and live in total dedication to the Soviet atomic bomb project. These secret cities were known as Zakrytoye Administrativno-Territorial’noye Obrazovaniye [Closed Administrative-Territorial Formations], abbreviated as ZATOs. The research campuses, production and test zones, and civic and residential districts of the ZATOs were secured with walls, fences, watchtowers, and checkpoints. Beyond the secured perimeters, which still exist to regulate access to and from the outside world, lies the governmental and legislative apparatus which shaped the ZATOs’ economic, social, and psychological characteristics. For the inhabitants of ZATOs, the perimeter symbolised their connection to a higher purpose and would later evoke feelings of nostalgia and a sense of protection. Focusing primarily on one of these settlements, namely ZATO Krasnoyarsk-26, this paper links the story of the imprisoned labourers who constructed the ZATOs to that of the civilians who surrendered their liberty for a loftier cause. It will reveal a tight correlation between the Gulag infrastructure and the spatial arrangement of ZATOs showing how, in many aspects, ZATOs took on characteristics of carceral isolation, coercion, and immobility that are still relevant when addressing their contemporary condition.

STIMULATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY OF THE RURAL POPULATION IN THE MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORIES OF TRANSCARPATHIA

Topicality. Transcarpathian region is characterized by clearly expressed spatial vertical zoning, which includes lowland, foothills, and mountain natural and economic zones. These administrative-territorial formations differ among themselves in terms of natural and climatic conditions and resource-production potential, which imposes a certain specificity on economic activity and creates unequal economic conditions. The situation is particularly difficult in mountain settlements, the vast majority of which are underdeveloped. As a result, the vast majority of mountain villages found themselves in a state of stagnation, they are characterized by a low intensity of economic activity, a poorly diversified structure of the economy, insufficient scientific and technical potential, and a poorly developed industrial and social infrastructure. Systematic studies of transformational processes in mountain settlements convincingly prove that one of the promising ways out of the crisis situation is to increase the social activity of the rural population by involving them in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity and commerce.Hence the relevance and increased interest of the scientific community in the analysis of the state and trends in the development of entrepreneurship in the mountain settlements of the region.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to analyze and evaluate the main trends in the development of entrepreneurial activity in the mountain settlements of the Transcarpathian region and the formation of effective mechanisms and incentives for the entrepreneurial activity of the rural population.Materials and Methods. The following methods were used when writing the paper: abstract-logical (to study the stratification of the goals of entrepreneurs), retrospective (to compare the obtained data with the previous period), system analysis (to find out the state and trends of business development), prognostic (to form state policy for the development of mountain areas), sociological monitoring (to obtain information on the formation of adaptation strategies for the development of entrepreneurship).Research results. In accordance with the set goal, the article pays considerable attention to the analysis of economic strategies and related stratification goals of rural entrepreneurs operating in the priority areas of the economy in the mountain settlements of the region. On the basis of the results of sociological monitoring, motivational factors have been identified that became an incentive to entrepreneurial activity, as well as those that inhibit business development. In the process of monitoring, considerable attention is paid to the study of respondents' opinions regarding the perspective of the vision of their own business development, their intentions regarding the attraction of investments in its development. Conceptually, the article presents the author's vision of solving a complex set of problems that can give a significant impetus to the activation of entrepreneurial activity in mountain settlements and the involvement of broad segments of the population in the sphere of business and commerce. It has been proven that the activation of entrepreneurial activity requires the adoption of the State Program for the Development of Rural Industry as a basic segment of the economy of mountain settlements and the development of a package of legislative acts regarding state support and stimulation of the business activity of the mountain population.Conclusion. The applied significance of the work consists in substantiating approaches to the formation of an effective business environment in mountainous areas and the use of economic tools capable of activating the business activity of the population.

Some aspects of national-state building amongthe Finno-Ugric peoples in the USSR

Introduction. The article considers some aspects of the national-state building of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the USSR. It highlights the ways of realization of the policy of the Soviet power in this matter. Its positive achievements, as well as contradictions and omissions in the implementation process are represented. The research aims at giving the complex analysis and the objective assessment of the national-state building processes of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the USSR. Materials and Methods. The article summarized legislative documents and materials contained in the works of Soviet and contemporary authors on this problem. Such methods of research as comparative, historical, genetic, legal, descriptive, logical were used to achieve the goal. It also employed the method of actualization which allowed to connect the development of modern processes with the historical experience of the past. Results and Discussion. The research traced the dynamics and certain tendencies of the realization of the national policy towards the Finno-Ugric peoples in the USSR. The analysis of the national-state building processes among them allowed concluding about the significance of the Soviet stage in their development, despite some contradictions, mistakes and omissions in the actions of the Soviet leadership. Underestimation of the national problems of the ethnic groups within the USSR, along with many other unsolved problems in the economy, politics, spiritual and social spheres, accumulated in the State, eventually led to its collapse, which led to problems in geopolitics. Conclusion. Considering all aspects of nation-state building in the USSR made it possible to conclude on the significance and value of creating national administrative-territorial formations among Finno-Ugric peoples, whose continuations are the present-day national subjects of the Russian Federation. The conclusion was made that the established foundations of the nation-state structure of the Russian Federation should be preserved as an important factor in the preservation and development of Finno-Ugric peoples.

Strategic sustainability of socio-territorial systems on the example of rural territories

The article considers the essence and content of the strategic stability of socio-territorial systems as the most important system characteristic within the framework of the concept of harmonious spatial development. The analysis of the phenomenon of strategic stability of socio-territorial systems is made on the example of Russian rural territories as characteristic administrativeterritorial formations and socio-economic systems. The article reveals the main features of the strategic sustainability of territories as a phenomenon, formulates its defi nition based on the analysis of relevant scientifi c and methodological literature, identifi es essential basic features and main manifestations from the point of view of a systematic approach to the implementation of harmonious spatial development. The article analyzes a number of essential features of the strategic stability of socio-territorial systems from the point of view of the integrated socio-economic development of the Russian countryside. The essential importance of ensuring the strategic stability of socio-territorial systems from the point of view of modern social, economic and other challenges is noted. The parameters of the strategic stability of the rural area are revealed. The paper outlines the essential importance of implementing the strategic sustainability of territories as a basic condition for the progressive social and economic development of the Russian countryside. It is noted that Russian rural areas are currently subject to signifi cant challenges, both internal and external environment, socio-territorial systems. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of possible challenges to the strategic sustainability of rural areas and substantiates the need to form a system for warning and responding to possible challenges, as well as restoring the normative state, functioning and development of socio-territorial systems. The article also formulated a number of recommendations to ensure the strategic sustainability of Russian rural areas. In particular, conclusions are drawn about the systemic signifi cance of the formation of the basic elements of the strategic sustainability of socio-territorial systems and their implementation as comprehensive measures to ensure harmonious spatial development.

The Historical Statistics of the Altai Information System

In the era of the digital turn, it is becoming relevant to create information resources that provide researchers with not only background information about historical sources but also reliable historical data. At the all-Russian level, such resources come from library centres (National Electronic Library, Presidential Library), archival authorities (Central Fund Catalogue), and public organisations (Russian Historical Society, Russian Geographical Society). For some regions, this task remains new and requires modern approaches and solutions. The article provides a description of the information system for a set of statistical materials on the history of Altai in the nineteenth – the first half of the twentieth centuries kept in central and regional libraries, archives, digitised publications, and collections with the possibility of versatile search and analysis of historical data. On the one hand, the chronological boundaries of the materials included in the database depend on the formation of the foundations of regular statistics in the mid-nineteenth century, and, on the other hand, on the establishment of Altai Krai within its present-day boundaries in 1937. The territorial framework of the study covers the borders of Altai as a historical region, which was included in the period under review in such administrative-territorial formations as Tomsk and Altai provinces and Siberian and West Siberian regions. The study employs a systematic approach, examining various types of statistical data as elements of a single set of sources on the history of Altai in the nineteenth – first half of the twentieth centuries. In its IT aspect, the study relies on database technology, both a tool and a result of the study. The Historical Statistics of Altai information system was created under the control of MySQL and consists of directories and four main modules: storage, sources, tags, and documents. The authors examine database architecture, logical structure, and data characteristics of the modules. The information system on the historical statistics of Altai will make it possible to solve some of the heuristic tasks related to the search and use of archival, museum, and library funds, including familiarisation with historical sources and their preliminary analysis in remote access mode. As a result, it will significantly expand research opportunities.

THE SOCIOCULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN CLOSED ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL FORMATIONS OF THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY IN THE URALS

The study of such a complex phenomenon as a closed nuclear town is difficult without highlighting separate logical lines and plots. The process of formation and development of the sociocultural environment in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, determined by a number of macro- and microfactors (secrecy factor, high science intensity of production, and others) is chosen as one of these lines in this article. The authors characterize the sociocultural environment of Ural closed administrative-territorial formations (CATF) of the nuclear industry as a cultural phenomenon, where social and cultural processes closely interact (including activities of various actors in the creation and development of spiritual values, ideas and social norms). Various social institutions - from educational institutions to cultural and leisure institutions - were included in the field of the closed nuclear towns sociocultural environment. Their activities in the period from the second half of the 1940s to the beginning of the 2000s have been studied in this article.

Семейные связи землевладельцев Устюженского уезда Колюбакиных, Линевых и Долгоруковых в XVII–XIX веках

The article is devoted to the consideration of regularities in the process of formation of regional landowning families in the territory of Ustyuzhna Uyezd in the 17th–19th centuries. The study takes into account the mutual ties between the clans, using the example of the landowning families of the Kolyubakins, the Linevs, and the Dolgorukovs. It was revealed from which administrative-territorial formations (pyatinas of the Novgorod Lands) and for what reason the landowning families of Kolyubakins, Dolgorukovs, and Linevs were resettled to Ustyuzhna-Zhelezopolskaya Uyezd at the beginning of the 17th century. The facts of relationships and family ties between the families of landowners under consideration are identified and the reasons for the emergence of these ties are analyzed on the basis of the analysis of a number of documents from the fonds of the Heralds office (F. 286), Pomestnyi Prikaz (F. 1209), and the Ustyuzhna Voivodeship Chancellery (F. 596) in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, as well as of the results of the research on the history of the ancient Kolyubakin family, conducted by the author. It is shown that the family ties of the Kolyubakins, Linevs and Dolgorukovs led to the redistribution of landed property between these clans due to its transfer as a dowry or inheritance by collateral by nephews and grand-nephews from maternal lineage. In the course of the research, the Ustyuzhna branch of the noble family of Dolgorukov is reconstructed, including five generations of descendants, and covering the period from the end of the 16th century to the second half of the 18th century. The development of the family clans of the Dolgorukovs, Linevs, and Kolyubakins in Ustyuzhna Uyezd in the period between the 17th and the 19th centuries is analyzed. It is esbalished that at the end of the 19th century, of the three families to which this article is devoted, only the Kolyubakins still remained among the prosperous landowners of the uyezd. It is noted that the village of Rastoropovo in Ustyuzhna Uyezd, which survived to this day, was the geographical center of the events described in the article. The analysis made it possible to illustrate with specific examples and in detail a number of previously identified patterns in the formation of land ownership in Ustyuzhna Uyezd.

Взгляд на проект «Электроград» в Минусинской долине через призму опыта социального проектирования атомных ЗАТО

The article considers significant social and managerial features of developing the “Minusinsk” project/ Electrograd city in the Minusinsk Valley as one of the large-scale state projects, including creating and developing urban sites of presence. The analysis is conducted using the successful experience of designing closed administrativeterritorial formations (CATFs) as sites of presence of the USSR Atomic Project. The purpose of this atomic project was to ensure parity in the Cold War, an “arms race”, and the creation of national “Nuclear shield”. The authors are interested in applying the project approach methodology to analyzing the “Minusinsk” project as well as using the concept of forming a value core of corporatism in CATF to increase motivation, involvement, and cohesion of city residents around the project. Currently, the “Minusinsk” project barely considers the need to provide cities of presence with corporate identity, a particular spirit that would motivate, unite, and involve citizens in the project’s implementation from within. Given the successful practice of creating and developing the Atomic project and nuclear CATFs, the development and further social reproduction of the value core of corporatism can improve performance and become a fundamental condition for their implementation. The authors conclude that within the “Minusinsk” project, the use of corporatism involves setting a goal of state importance, which is fixed structurally, organizationally, programmatically, and has a detailed project.

ИСТОРИЯ ЛЕСНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ ПОВОЛЖЬЯ ПРЕДВОЕННЫХ ПЯТИЛЕТОК В МАТЕРИАЛАХ АРХИВНЫХ ФОНДОВ: ПРОБЛЕМА ИСЧЕЗНУВШИХ ДОКУМЕНТОВ

The forestry industry of the USSR played an important role in the pre-war industrialization. At present, there are no studies that examine and analyze in detail all the main aspects of the development of forestry and the forest industry both in the Volga region as a whole and individual administrative-territorial formations of this region during the years of pre-war industrialization. The main materials on the history of the exploitation of the forests of the Volga region in the 1930s are contained precisely in the archival funds. In this article the main attention is focused on the disappearance from the archival funds of the documentation of the largest logging organizations, i.e., forest trusts, which is valuable for researchers of the industrial development of the region. Only the safety of documents of the territorial departments of forest protection and forest plantations of the Penza, Kuibyshev and Saratov regions, created in 1936, can be considered satisfactory.

Assessment of the impact of the quality of drinking water on the primary morbidity of children in the Altai Territory

The number of environmental factors that adversely affect the health of children is growing every year, their combination is different in each territory. It is the child’s body that is most sensitive to changes in environmental conditions, reacting to this with a deterioration in health. Currently, there is a tendency to study the regional characteristics of the interaction of a set of environmental factors with the child’s body. The aim of the work was to identify trends in the primary non-infectious morbidity among children in the Altai Territory, as well as to assess the possible impact of the state of drinking water on the morbidity of children in the region. In the region, an unfavorable tendency was revealed in such groups of nosologies as neoplasms, diseases of the endocrine system, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the genitourinary system, congenital anomalies, and diseases of the respiratory system. The regularity of distribution over the territory of the region of administrative-territorial formations with a high incidence rate was revealed. The analysis of associations of morbidity in children with average annual concentrations of substances polluting the atmospheric air and drinking water showed the presence of reliable correlations in areas of critical and stressful environmental quality. The results obtained indicate the need for a detailed assessment of the influence of environmental factors on the incidence rate of children in the regional aspect, the formation of a database and the development of automated programs capable of predicting the incidence rate in each specific territory. This will improve the efficiency, including the economic, of preventive measures.

Клинико-эпидемиологический анализ заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями и смертности от них среди работников радиационно опасных предприятий и населения, проживающего вблизи объектов атомной промышленности и ядерной энергетики

The purpose of the study is to analyze the oncoepidemiological situation in the vicinity of nuclear industry and nuclear power plants. Materials and methods of the study. The main materials of the study were the data of official medical statistics for 2012-2018 on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and mortality from them: the contingent of medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia in 10 closed administrative-territorial formations of Rosatom State Corporation — a research sample; total contingent served by medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia — data of the Federal Center for Extreme Problems Information Technology of FMBA of Russia; population of Russian Federation as a whole. An in-depth analysis of the morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms among employees of enterprises and the population served by medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia was performed using data from the Branch Cancer Registry of FMBA of Russia. Results of the study and their analysis. According to the results of the analysis an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms was observed in medical treatment organizations of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in closed administrative territorial formations, in all medical treatment organizations of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, and in the Russian Federation as a whole. In 2012-2018 the incidence of malignant neoplasms (per 100,000 population) was: in closed administrative territorial entities — 412.4 and 526.6 respectively; in all medical treatment institutions of FMBA of Russia — 328.4 and 390.1; in the Russian Federation as a whole — 367.3 and 425.5 respectively. Analysis of mortality rates from malignant neoplasms showed that in all medical treatment institutions of the Federal Medical and Biomedical Agency of Russia the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms (per 100 thousand population) in this time interval was 149.1 and 167.9 persons respectively, which is significantly lower than the all-Russian rates of 201.0 and 200.0 persons respectively. Mortality from malignant neoplasms in closed administrative territorial units amounted to 220.1 and 257.3 persons respectively, which exceeds both all medical treatment institutions of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency and the Russian Federation as a whole.

Reading in the era of changes: reading preferences among the residents of Ural nuclear closed administrative-territorial formations in the 1990s

The paper deals with the research results of reading preferences among the residents of Ural nuclear closed administrative-territorial formations in the 1990s. At that time sociocultural transformations, which modified the architectonics of the cultural landscape, significantly changed reading practices. In this regard, the study of such a small fragment of reality as reading preferences of small societies in closed towns seems to be very important for understanding the dynamics of social phenomena and processes. While studying the reading preferences, the author revealed reading value orientations among the residents of Ural closed administrative-territorial formations, their assessment of reading activity, psychological factors of reading, quantitative characteristics, gender and age peculiarities. In the era of changes, reading continued to occupy one of the leading places in the structure of leisure preferences among the residents of Ural nuclear towns and remained the most important way of raising the cultural and educational level. Home and public libraries were the main channels for obtaining information through reading. The universal library fund made it possible to satisfy various information needs of users. At the same time, in order to effectively stimulate reading activity, it was important for libraries not only to provide high-quality services, but also to accumulate relevant socio-cultural practices in their activities.

SUBJECT AND OBJECT OF THE FIELD OF PROVISION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES – FORMATION OF CONCEPTUAL AND CATEGORY APPARATUS

The article presents the solution of the current scientific problem of forming the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the concepts of the subject and object of the sphere of administrative services. It was found that the administrative service is a consequence of the performance of official duties by an authorized entity, which, in accordance with the law, guarantees compliance with the conditions of implementation by individuals and legal entities of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests in accordance with their applications, certificates, certificates, registration, etc.). The essence of the concept of the subject of management is understood, which is understood to mean the authority, institution, subdivision of the management or official who develops and makes decisions to influence the object of management. In turn, the object of management should be considered in this regard as society as a whole, processes, administrative-territorial formations, relations in various fields, industries, as well as teams, organizations, a particular person, ie the recipient of services. It is established that the study of the legal framework indicates the lack of a unified approach of the legislator to define the concept of the subject of public service, while the question of the category of institutions that may be in a similar role remains controversial. In the course of the study, it was concluded that, in terms of establishing the status of the institution carrying out the delegated task, it is considered to study it as an intermediary between the service provider and its recipient. An example of such an intermediary can be the centers of administrative services, in addition, the establishment of relations that are formed during the involvement of such an intermediary, has the most developed regulatory framework in the sector of administrative services. It is established that the issues of normative systematization of the process of delegation of powers in relation to the provision of public services to institutions of the non-public sector and, in addition, systematization of subject-object relations during the provision of services need further elaboration.

ТОМСКОЕ ИМЕНИЕ АЛТАЙСКОГО ОКРУГА ВЕДОМСТВА КАБИНЕТА ЕГО ИМПЕРАТОРСКОГО ВЕЛИЧЕСТВА: ГРАНИЦЫ, СТРУКТУРА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ, УПРАВЛЯЮЩИЕ

The article introduces new archival data on the history of the Tomsk estate of the Altai district - one of the 12 estates established by an imperial decree of April 11, 1896 on the lands of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty and operating until 1911. On the basis of archival cartographic materials, information is considered about the boundaries of the Tomsk estate, which occupied the northern part of the Altai District, administrative-territorial formations and large forests - pine forests located within the boundaries of the estate, the organization of the estate management structure, with the location of the estate manager and his office in the village ( from December 28, 1903 according to the old style - the city) of Novo-Nikolaevsk, the residence of the main officials who managed the estate and its parts. According to archival and bibliographic data, brief information is presented about the managers of the Tomsk estate V.S. Shubenko, P.N. Sobolev, D.D. Nazarov, A.G. Kiyutse, along with the list of managers and assistants to the manager of the Tomsk estate in chronological order. Keywords: Novosibirsk, Cabinet of his Imperial Majesty, Altai district, Novonikolaevsk, Tomsk estate, officials of the Tomsk estate