Administration Sector Research Articles

Men’s and women’s visions of employment policies to combat depopulation in rural Spain

The paper draws on the data gathered from a survey on men and women living in Spanish municipalities affected by depopulation. Using factor analysis, it identifies labour profiles among men and women associated with socio-demographic, economic and technological variables. We establish four profiles related to employment status for the men and women in a rural environment. For the women, we identify a group linked to the services sector, another to the public administration sector, and a group with unstable employment and the intention to emigrate, with these women being the youngest. Additionally, there is a group of women that report not working or never having worked, with these individuals being older and associated with family businesses. Regarding the men, the first three groups correspond to the agricultural sector, the industry sector and the services sector, with there also being a further group consisting of young men either without a job or with an unstable one. The article also applies cluster analysis to examine men and women’s preferences as regards the policies currently most widely used to promote rural employment in Spain: concession of tax benefits for job creation, the promotion of entrepreneurial activity, innovation in the primary sector and the advancement of rural tourism. The order of preference for the four policies is the same for both sexes, with entrepreneurship and improved funding being the most preferred, followed by innovation in agricultural activity. The results show, however, that variables such as age, level of education, type of job, economic sector, income and size of municipality of residence, have a different impact on men’s and women’s choices.

Overview of Governance and Rampant Corruption in Land Administration in Bangladesh

This study focuses on the governance and corruption in the land management system of Bangladesh and the effect of these factors on the tenure security of land and the country’s economic growth. This study used a quantitative research design. The research outcomes show that corruption is systematic in all levels of land management, thus eroding the security of tenure, and worsening social inequalities. The new governance reforms have also been implemented to curb corruption; however, these changes’ impact has been rather poor. In light of the findings of the study, there is a well-established need for systematic reform to improve the situation in Bangladesh through digitization of land records, better transparency, and higher accountability in the land administration sector. The investigation presented in this research adds to the discussion of governance and development and offers practical policy suggestions that relate to fighting corruption and enhancing the efficient utilization of Bangladeshi land.

Accuracy of self-perceived cardiovascular disease risk and factors predicting risk underestimation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in Ismailia, Egypt.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, with women at higher risk after menopause. This increased risk is attributed to both aging and hormonal changes. Prior research has established a link between CVD risk perception and adopting healthy behaviors to prevent CVD. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of self-perceived CVD risk in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, and to identify factors that predict CVD risk underestimation among them. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the administrative sectors of Suez Canal University campus in Ismailia, Egypt, over a period of eight months starting in July 2022. A total of 390 eligible women (employees and workers) were randomly selected. Participants were interviewed to obtain data on demographics, medical history, self-perceived risk of CVD, self-perceived general health, awareness of factors that increase the risk of developing CVD, perceived stress, health literacy, numeracy, and self-perceived 10-year risk of developing major cardiovascular events. They also underwent measurements of blood pressure, weight, and height. The updated 2019 WHO/CVD risk non-laboratory-based prediction chart for the North Africa and Middle East Region was used to predict the 10-year risk of major cardiovascular events for the study participants. Risk accuracy was measured by comparing self-perceived CVD risk with predicted CVD risk. The ratio of self-perceived to predicted moderate/high CVD risk was 27.7% to 44.3%, respectively. The accuracy of CVD risk perception was 68.2%. Kappa analysis results showed fair and significant agreement between self-perceived and predicted CVD risk (kappa ± SE = 35.9 ± 4.1%, p < 0 .001). The proportion of women who underestimated their risks was 24.1%. Of those in the high-risk group, 93.3% underestimated their CVD risk, compared to 50.6% in the moderate-risk group. Factors that significantly predicted CVD risk underestimation included being married (aOR 14.5; 95% CI 1.4-149.9), low income (aOR 2.321; 95% CI 1.09-4.909), high BMI (aOR 4.78; 95% CI 1.9-11.9), hypertension (aOR 3.5; 95% CI 2-6.2), and old age (aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.3-1.6). Approximately one-third of our study participants misperceived their CVD risk; of those who did, 75.8% underestimated it. Marital status, old age, low income, high BMI, and hypertension strongly predicted CVD risk underestimation. These findings identified the menopausal women subgroups that could benefit from targeted health interventions designed to reduce CVD risk underestimation and improve risk accuracy.

Determination of Priority Sectors in Economic Development in Maluku Province

This research aims to determine priority sectors in formulating economic development policies in Maluku Province. The methods used in this research are Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share (SS), and Klassen Typology. The research results show that based on the three methods above, the priority sectors in economic development in Maluku Province are sectors that have superiority, and competitiveness and are among advanced and rapidly developing sectors (prime sectors). These sectors are the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries sectors, the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector, Car and Motorcycle Repairs, the Government Administration, Defense and Mandatory Social Security sectors, and the Education Services sector. This sector is a sector that absorbs a lot of workers. Apart from that, the primary sector is a sector that plays an important role in economic development in Maluku Province. The contribution of the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors indirectly shows that the economic structure of Maluku province is still supported by the traditional economy. Then, geographically, the vast area of Maluku Province, the majority of which is water areas; however, this sub-sector has yet to become the main support for the economy of Maluku Province. For this reason, the Maluku provincial government should prioritize the superior sectors and commodities it owns while still paying attention to other industries and commodities according to their potential and development opportunities in order to encourage the growth of Maluku Province's GRDP for future regional development. The implications of this research can be recommendations for economic planning and development in Maluku Province. The implications of this study can be recommendations for economic planning and development in Maluku Province

On the use of the control function of finance in the Russian Federation public administration sector

On the use of the control function of finance in the Russian Federation public administration sector

Paths and synergies in accelerating the UN 17 SDGs through the lens of green chemistry: contributions from a Brazilian university and its Institute of Chemistry

Abstract This manuscript aims to bring reflections and inspiration towards how the university can act as a vector for tackling the 17 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) of the 2030 Agenda from the UN (United Nations) and the role of its community (undergraduate and graduate students, staff, and faculty members). In this regard, the Institute of Chemistry from Sao Paulo State University – UNESP combines efforts with the university’s central administration and non-governmental organizations to implement and stimulate activities to spread green chemistry and sustainable practices in each of the four fundamental pillars of the university: teaching, research, outreach, and administrative sectors.

Analysis of Potential Regional Economic Development in Bengkulu Province in 2022

Bengkulu Province is one of the developing provinces in Indonesia. The distribution of development and economic growth is still one of the main objectives of development in Indonesia, as well as Bengkulu Province. Development and growth are still centralised in Bengkulu City, causing inequality between regions in Bengkulu Province. This research aims to identify the typology of regions in Bengkulu Province, as an evaluation material for the government in determining priority development areas based on business fields in Bengkulu Province. The research method used is quantitative with sharpened through descriptive analysis. This research uses secondary data sources obtained from BPS Bengkulu Province. Based on the existing business sectors in Bengkulu Province, the primary sector or sectors that still depend on or take advantage of natural conditions, such as; agriculture, forestry and fisheries have the largest contribution to the Bengkulu Province GRDP, which is 27.57%, then the next sector is the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector; Car and Motorcycle Repair, with an average contribution of 15.82%, and the Government Administration sector with a contribution of 8.88%. Data were analysed using Klassen's typology, by dividing or grouping into 4 (four) quadrants based on business field indicators. The results of the Klassen typology analysis in Bengkulu Province based on business fields show that there is close to equity in each sector, typology in quadrants 1, 3, and 4 consists of 5 business fields, while the typology results in quadrant 2, only consists of 2 business fields (Manufacturing, Public Administration &amp; Defence; Compulsory Social Security).Keywords: Regional Typology; Klassen Typology; Economy; Development.

Determination of dialkyl phthalate esters in indoor air of PVC industry: Risk assessment for human health using Monte-Carlo simulations

Dialkyl phthalate esters are incorporated to enhance the pliability and prevent brittleness in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing. Exposure to these compounds occurs throughout human lifetimes via ingestion, inhalation, and direct skin contact. A study was conducted to evaluate concentrations of four specific phthalates—dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)—in the indoor air of both industrial and administrative sectors within the PVC manufacturing facilities. Air sampling was conducted in the spring season at two polyethylene factories in Zahedan Industrial Park (Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran). The outcomes demonstrated that mean concentrations of these substances in industrial along with administrative departments 485.7 μg/m3 and 49.83 μg/m3for DMP, 807.38 μg/m3 and 30.17 μg/m3 for DEP, 849.62 μg/m3 and 37.50 μg/m3 for DBP along with 1268.08 μg/m3 and 45.50 μg/m3 for DEHP respectively. The probabilistic lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) of DEHP in the indoor air of Zahedan PVC factories for men and women was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The computed mean LTCRs of DEHP for men and women in the indoor air of industrial and administrative departments in Zahedan PVC were 1.3 × 10−3, 1.2 × 10−3and 4.7 × 10−5,4.2 × 10−5respectively. Data showed that DEHP was a potential risk to human health.

Giving insights into an ICF training: evaluation of an in-person interactive ICF training in Germany.

The World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in 2001. The classification provides a framework for the standardised description of functioning and disability using health and health-related domains. The implementation of the ICF is diverse and has a wide range of applications. A thorough understanding of the ICF classification is essential for successful implementation. We developed and delivered an in-person interactive ICF training to facilitate the implementation of the ICF in Germany. The aim of this paper is to present the evaluation of this in-person interactive ICF training. The evaluation was conducted with questionnaires assessing the organisation of the workshops and the knowledge gained during the training using Likert scaled questions. Open-ended questions were used to gather feedback on the further development of the ICF training. Data were analysed descriptively using absolute and relative frequencies. Open-ended questions were analysed qualitatively. Between 2017 and mid-2020, a team of trainers at the Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research (IBE) at LMU Munich organised 12 in-person interactive ICF trainings with a total of 191 participants. In total 151 participants filled in the questionnaires (response rate: 79.1%). The participants` professional backgrounds were primarily in the social sector (n = 76; 50.3%), clinical sector (n = 36; 23.8%), and administrative sector (n = 31; 20.5%). 42.4% of the participants strongly agreed that the content was relevant to their work, while an additional 51.0% almost agreed. According to this evaluation, 82.1% of the participants would recommend the training to others. A number of constructive suggestions and proposals were made for the further development of the training programme. These mainly related to the content of the training, such as the themes of children and youth and integration assistance.

Public Management Discretion and Public Management Decision to Engineering, Testing and Application of Legal Innovations

The article is devoted to the topic of the significance and complexity of the managerial decision on the engineering, testing and application of legal innovations. In the author’s opinion, many problems of legal and legal-digital innovation are reduced to the ambiguity of their functional-target load and very high difficulty of confirming that they are really needed, to the extreme difficulty of predicting their implementation. And it is this that complicates the adoption of an appropriate managerial decision. Managerial decision on legal innovations, due to the crystallization of the substrate of managerial discretion in it, always entails a high responsibility for its adoption. The author points out that there are no unified generally recognized ways of operating activities in the field of legal innovation and management of the corresponding innovation process. But there are some general management principles and requirements that are quite transferable to this sphere. The author substantiates that with all the significant differences between the private market legal sector and the public administration sector, in making a decision on the development, testing and implementation of legal and securing legal and digital innovations, both managers — the head of a public authority and the head of a commercial firm — are placed in similar conditions. The author in his article articulates the problem of time resource, objectively required for what is presented as a “legal innovation” to really become a legal innovation and a good legal innovation. According to the author, legal innovation is not a quick process, and it is not a one-time phenomenon, but a responsible discretion in making the appropriate managerial decision — it is always objectively time-consuming. The author raises the question that any innovation, and legal innovation in particular, has its own life cycle, at the end of which it outlives itself, exhausts its potential for innovation. Although there are legal innovations that have transformed into legal axiomatics and traditional legal everyday tools. But in any case, we talk about legal innovations without disconnecting from time, from its flow, from the notches on its scale. The author declares the article as posing a scientific problem, but at the same time the author offers a conceptual answer to some of such questions.

Rethinking public service facility distribution and management strategies with the consideration of carbon peak – Insights from Suzhou, China

Existing practices have primarily focused on the accessibility and per capita indices of public service facilities (PSFs) in decision-making processes aimed at promoting social equity. However, the national commitment to achieving a carbon peak may induce additional considerations into the planning and policy decisions of PSFs for local governments. By conducting a two-stage simulation of carbon emissions (CEs) and correlation analysis, we identified uncertainties and confirmed the nonnegligible impact of land use structure, particularly PSF distribution, on achieving the urban transport-related carbon peak. Subsequently, we elaborated on the imperative of optimizing PSF distribution for carbon reduction, rather than solely depending on transport management strategies, through a case study of individual medical care travel characteristics. Moreover, a further discussion on the potential trade-offs and synergies between current and low-carbon-oriented PSF planning and policy decisions underscores the necessity of collaboration among decision-makers across pertinent administrative sectors.

Developing an Avatar-Based Framework for Unified Client Identification in Banking Systems Using Generative AI and Graph Neural Networks

In today’s data-driven world, the accurate and consistent identification of clients across multiple platforms is a critical challenge for financial institutions, government comptroller departments, and third-party service providers. Fragmented and inconsistent data across various systems pose significant risks, including regulatory non-compliance, fraud, and operational inefficiencies. This thesis presents the development of an innovative avatar-based framework for unified client identification in banking systems, leveraging the power of Generative AI and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). The framework synthesizes disparate client data into a single, cohesive representation in the virtual world, effectively addressing the challenges of data fragmentation and inconsistency. Generative AI models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), are employed to enhance data quality by generating realistic synthetic data and imputing missing values. These models augment the existing datasets, ensuring completeness and accuracy of client profiles. Simultaneously, GNNs are utilized to model the complex relationships and interactions within the client data, capturing intricate dependencies and enhancing the accuracy of client identification. The proposed framework offers substantial benefits, including improved regulatory compliance, enhanced operational efficiency, and superior customer experience. By providing a unified view of client data, financial institutions can better detect and prevent fraudulent activities, meet stringent regulatory requirements, and deliver personalized services. Government comptroller departments can ensure more effective public fund management and maintain transparency. Third-party service providers can leverage accurate client profiles for better service delivery and risk management. The race to implement such advanced frameworks is a pivotal factor in determining leadership in the financial and administrative sectors. Institutions that adopt and integrate this technology swiftly will gain a significant competitive advantage, setting new standards in client identification and data management. This research underscores the transformative potential of combining Generative AI and GNNs in creating a robust, scalable, and efficient system for unified client identification, paving the way for future advancements in this critical field.

Orientation on internal customer satisfaction in public administration

In the modern world, there is a constant increase in the role and importance of the customer who is achieving a dominant position in mutual relations in the organization. The situation is also noticeable in the public administration sector, where activities related to improving the functioning of the office, customer service and customer satisfaction are an important element of the development. The subject of the article is the analysis of the internal customer's opinion as an expression of building an orientation focused on the customer’s satisfaction in the public administration sector. The aim is to present the surveys on internal customer satisfaction that were conducted within the years 2012-2021 in a selected public administration unit. The conceptual basis of the terms public administration as well as the external and internal customer was also presented. The results of the research over the years and their discussion have been presented in the conclusion. The considerations undertaken in the elaboration lead to the conclusion that the orientation towards internal customer satisfaction in public administration is justified because it ultimately affects the level of public services provided, the quality of which is guaranteed, among others, by: stable and job-satisfied staff.

Связь с общественностью как как механизм управленческой коммуникации

The article is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical and methodological basis of the phenomenon of public relations. The article examines its emergence as a concept and analyzes related theories. The author examines the transition of the phenomenon of public relations from the economic sector to the administrative sector and examines the process of its acquisition of the status of a mechanism of public administration. In conditions where the mechanisms of administrative coercion are alien to the democratic style of management, public relations have acquired particular importance in terms of managing the masses. Its application has led to transparency of the governance system, increased accountability and increased opportunities for citizen participation in public administration. In this sense, there is a special need for an in-depth study of the problem.

Вплив адміністративно-територіальної реформи на покращення управління персоналом у публічному управлінні

Administrative-territorial reform is a key factor in modern public administration as it directly impacts the organizational structure and functioning of state agencies at various levels of government. This article examines the impact of the administrative-territorial reform on human resource management in the public administration sector. First of all, the reform may lead to changes in the structure and competencies of state agencies, which requires revision of the processes of hiring, firing, and managing personnel. New administrative units may be created or existing ones may be reorganized, causing the need to identify and consider personnel changes. Further adaptation of personnel to new working conditions and requirements may need training, retraining, and development. In this context, it is important to ensure proper communication and involvement of personnel in the change process. The reform may also impact the systems of motivation and encouragement of personnel in the public administration sector. New requirements for efficiency and performance may be necessary to determine the system of labor remuneration and other incentives. In general, administrative-territorial reform is not only a challenge but can also be an opportunity to improve human resource management in the public administration sector if it is implemented with due attention to the needs and interests of personnel, as well as taking into account modern methods of human resource management. The article aims to study the impact of the administrative-territorial reform on the improvement of personnel management in public administration. The author shows that the main goal of the state personnel policy lies in forecasting and programming of personnel provision and determination of the strategic vision of formation, professional development, and rational use of personnel and all labor resources of Ukraine. The practical implementation of the personnel policy of the state and the organization is carried out through the personnel management function. The article emphasizes the concept of “human resource management” as a targeted activity of the organization’s management, executives, and specialists of the HR management system, which includes the development of the concept and strategy of personnel policy and principles and methods of human resource management of the organization. Keywords: public policy, management, personnel policy, personnel, human resource management system.

Cloud computing in the Polish public administration: current state and development prospects

The EU's goal of digital transformation of the economy and society requires increased participation of businesses and citizens. This cannot be achieved without a high level of digitalization in public administration. The paper aims to examine the scale and determinants of cloud computing (CC) adoption in Polish public administration units from 2018 to 2021. A comparison was conducted between the level of adoption of cloud services in the public administration sector and in the enterprise sector in Poland. Next, a synthetic taxonomic measure of technology development was determined so as to assess the differentiation of cloud computing usage in the country's voivodeships. Finally, a two-way fixed effects panel data model was estimated to identify the determinants of the level of CC implementation in public administration. The results showed a wide variation in the adoption of cloud solutions between voivodeships (Polish provinces). The study found a significant correlation between the CC use in public administration and the level of economic development of individual voivodeships, as well as IT training for employees, but no correlation with the level of CC use in enterprises.

Impact of metamorphoses from desk to E-commute – an acumen of professionals: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Introduction: The deadly pandemic COVID-19 has brought the world to a standstill. Due to worldwide lockdown, economy was severely compromised. Everyone was in fear of the consequences that would be faced. Many unprecedented changes happened because of this pandemic. People confined themselves at home to maintain social distancing and mitigation of risk factors. This posed many challenges to the individuals or work force with, and many times the work was compromised. Objectives: To explore the current and changes in work pattern and to assess the overall quality of life of professionals working from home. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by circulating a structured questionnaire through online platform. A snowball sampling method was adopted. Totally, 520 respondents participated in this study. Results: Out of 520 participants, males accounted for 57.9% and 41.3% were females. Majority (45.8% males and 40.9% females) were engaged in the software or IT companies. A higher proportion of males were engaged in administration (6%), architecture (10%) and transportation (5.3%) sector, whereas more females were engaged in finance (10.7%) and law (3.3%) sector. 73.1% males worked for more than 12 hours a day in contrast to only 26.9% of females. As the working hours are reducing, the overall quality of life of the participants was increasing significantly with P = 0.008. For those with moderately increased work-life balance, near about half of the participants had overall quality of life between 50 and 75% (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: In order to increase efficiency at work place, definite laws should be in place to protect the mental as well as overall well-being of professionals working from home. Elaborative research in this field is required in order to generalize the results.

Examining the creation of synergy in community coalitions for smoke-free environments in Armenia and Georgia.

Community coalitions depend on their members to synergistically pool diverse resources, including knowledge and expertise, community connections and varied perspectives, to identify and implement strategies and make progress toward community health improvement. Several coalition theories suggest synergy is the key mechanism driving coalition effectiveness. The Community Coalition Action Theory (CCAT) asserts that synergy depends on how well coalitions engage their members and leverage their resources, which is influenced by coalition processes, member participation and satisfaction and benefits outweighing costs. The current study used mixed methods, including coalition member surveys (n = 83) and semi-structured interviews with leaders and members (n = 42), to examine the process of creating collaborative synergy in 14 community coalitions for smoke-free environments in Armenia and Georgia. Members, typically seven per coalition representing education, public health, health care and municipal administration sectors, spent an average of 16hr/month on coalition-related work. Common benefits included making the community a better place to live and learning more about tobacco control. The greatest cost was attending meetings or events at inconvenient times. Members contributed various resources, including their connections and influence, skills and expertise and access to population groups and settings. Strong coalition processes, greater benefits and fewer costs of participation and satisfaction were correlated with leveraging of member resources, which in turn, was highly correlated with collaborative synergy. Consistent with CCAT, effective coalition processes created a positive climate where membership benefits outweighed costs, and members contributed their resources in a way that created collaborative synergy.

MmSign: mmWave-based Few-Shot Online Handwritten Signature Verification

Handwritten signature verification has become one of the most important document authentication methods that are widely used in the financial, legal, and administrative sectors. Compared with offline methods based on static signature images, online handwritten signature verification methods are more reliable because of the temporary dynamic information (e.g., signing velocity, writing force, stroke order) that alleviates the risk of being forged. However, most existing online handwritten signature verification solutions are reliant on specific signing devices (e.g., customized pens or writing pads) and require extensive data collection during the registration phase, resulting in poor adaptability and applicability for new users. In this article, we propose mmSign, a millimeter wave (mmWave)–based online handwritten signature verification system, which enables accurate sensing of the user’s hand movements when signing through the superior sensing capability of mmWave. mmSign extracts the time-velocity feature maps from the captured mmWave signals by the carefully designed signal processing algorithms and then exploits a transformer-based verification model for signature verification. In addition, a novel meta-learning strategy with proposed task generation and data augmentation methods is introduced in mmSign to teach the verification model to learn effectively with limited samples, allowing our model to quickly adapt to new users. Extensive experiments show that mmSign is a robust, efficient, and secure handwritten signature verification system, achieving 84.07%, 87.31%, 91.12%, and 96.54% verification accuracy when 1, 3, 5, and 10 labeled signatures are available, respectively, while being resistant to common forgery attacks.

Decision Making on Introducing of Blockchain Technology in Croatian Public Administration

Blockchain technology has many features enabling great potential to transform every aspect of life. In this paper, we consider application of Blockchain in public administration sector. We utilize the Value Measuring Methodology (VMM) for the purpose of the profitability assessment of introducing Blockchain into the public administration. This process is conducted by multi criteria decision making with a group of experts. Results of cost-effectiveness analysis and AHP analysis, which are part of VNM, indicated direct user value as the largest benefit, followed by operational value for the State. Potential risks are identified along with the costs summarizing an analysis.