Administrative Responsibility Research Articles

Factors that affect the accuracy of submitting SKPK Treasurer Accountability Reports to the Aceh Tamiang Regency Government

The application of accounting standards in the country in the management of regional finance has an impact on regional budget implementation responsibility reports (APBD). This type of research is quantitative descriptive and describes the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Meanwhile, human resource factors, treasurer facilities, and infrastructure, treasurer's term of office, regulations, the intensity of management training, and accountability of SKPD treasurers, as well as unclear roles in the Aceh Tamiang district government have a big influence—the impact of the timeliness of submitting regional government accountability reports. In several cases, the variable intensity of administrative training and responsibilities of SKPD accountants (X5), as well as the ambiguity of the role (X6) produced a positive impact on the timeliness of government reporting in the regions.

Identificación de herramientas de internacionalización del currículo implementadas en las instituciones de educación superior

The purpose of the article is to reflect and analyze the concept and tools of internationalization of the curriculum in higher education. The defined methodology was based on a systematic review of the literature of some pioneering texts, specialized publications and institutional repositories, based on defined search descriptors. This review constitutes an opportunity to systematize the tools used for the internationalization of the curriculum in higher education institutions and investigate how these contribute to the quality of their substantive functions. Among the findings, we can highlight the identification of the dimensions of the internationalization of the curriculum, the participation and responsibilities of teachers, students and administrators, the tools used by institutions for the insertion of the curriculum and their actors in global environments. The comparability of studies between institutions, virtual education, academic committees, international collaborative learning and business practices in international environments stand out among the most used tools. The internationalization of the curriculum is recognized as a characteristic of the quality of higher education institutions.

On the improvement of emergency legislation regulating the protection of the state from external aggression

This paper examines the issues of improving emergency legislation regulating the protection of the state from external aggression. Issues of ensuring the security of the state in modern conditions are becoming particularly relevant due to the increasing threats from third states. This circumstance necessitates the existence of an integrated system of norms governing the concept, types, and content of relevant administrative and legal regimes, as well as the grounds and procedure for their introduction, the nature and scope of restrictions established to ensure them, procedures and limits for the application of protective measures and the grounds for termination of such emergency regimes. The article analyzes the concept of “special military operation” and its relation to related terms. The author pays special attention to the systematization of the imposed restrictions depending on the response mode (level). Special attention is paid to administrative responsibility for violation of the established restrictions in accordance with the accepted level of response. Conclusions on the improvement of legislation are formulated.

Prerequisites of the principle of federalism in the legal regulation of administrative responsibility (on the example of managerial decisions)

This article considers the prerequisites for the emergence of the principle of federalism in the legal regulation of administrative responsibility in the unitary Russian state before 1918, in terms of the development and continuity of managerial decisions in proceedings on cases of administrative offenses as a mechanism for the implementation of administrative responsibility. The thesis about the isolation of administrative responsibility in the public law of the pre-revolutionary Russian state is taken as a basis. Attention is paid to the forms of individual managerial decisions, through which arise, change and terminate protective administrative-procedural relations, which were provided for in the Russian legislation and legal acts of local authorities. The conclusion is made about the presence of continuity in the development of administrative decisions in the relevant sphere in the Russian Empire, RSFSR and the Russian Federation.

Prospects for the Convergence of the Legislation of the EAEU Countries Regarding the Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence

This study is devoted to the analysis of the prospects for the convergence of the legislation of the EAEU countries regarding the legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI).Aim. To identify the need and identify the prerequisites for supranational legal regulation of AI in the EAEU. Tasks. To list the features of AI that necessitate supranational legal regulation in the context of analyzing the consequences for the purposes of the EAEU. To make a classification and analyze the prerequisites for the formation of the will of the EAEU member states to bring together the legislation of the EAEU countries in terms of legal regulation of AI.Methods. The problem-theoretical, formal-legal, logical, system-structural method and the method of comparison are used.Results. The study showed that such features of AI technologies as the ability to cause cross-border harm and the ability to autonomous processes require: a) the establishment of legal limits for delegating human authority to a machine that are uniform for the EAEU states, which is achieved by establishing administrative responsibilities for participants in the life cycle of AI systems and applications; b) developing a unified approach to eliminating the “responsibility gap” for the harm caused by AI and its legal consolidation in the law of the EAEU, which is achieved through supranational regulation of AI on these issues. The lack of “uniform norms” regarding the distribution of responsibility for harm produces legal conflicts that contribute to the creation of obstacles to the functioning of internal markets and asymmetries in the development of AI within the EAEU. The results of the analysis of the prerequisites for the formation of the will of the EAEU member states to bring together the legislation of the EAEU countries in terms of legal regulation of AI allow us to state the absence of prerequisites for a unified policy of the EAEU countries in the creation and use of AI, and consequently, the prospects for the convergence of legislation in the field of public relations through the formation of supranational legal regulation. However, the EAEU law does not contain obstacles to the implementation of a unified AI policy in the future.Conclusions. The specifics of AI technologies require supranational legal regulation of AI, at least in matters of allocation of responsibility for harm caused by AI in order to avoid legal conflicts that contribute to the creation of obstacles to the functioning of internal markets and asymmetries in the development of AI within the EAEU. Despite the current lack of prerequisites, the EAEU law does not contain obstacles to the convergence of the legislation of the EAEU countries in terms of legal regulation of AI in the event of such a decision.

Associative field of the concept “power” in the social consciousness of young Ukrainians

Introduction: The concept of “power” is a fundamental element of social consciousness, shaping the worldviews and actions of individuals and collectives. Understanding how this concept is constructed and perceived within a particular linguistic and cultural community offers insights into the nation’s historical development and future trajectories.Objective: to investigate the associative field of the concept "power" in the mentality of young Ukrainians aged 17-20, elucidating the conceptual features of this social phenomenon that have emerged in the linguistic thinking of the country’s new generation.Methods: The main method employed was a free associative experiment with 100 participants aged 17-20, complemented by content analysis of a corpus of Ukrainian journalistic texts. Mathematical calculations established quantitative ratios, while descriptive methods facilitated result presentation.Results: The fundamental associative reactions of the notion were identified through analysis as follows: democratic, governing, state, money, and Verkhovna Rada. The youth’s practical, pragmatic perspective of power is suggested by a higher proportion of conceptual and figurative linkages over evaluative ones. Concentration in an elected body, democratic underpinnings, administrative responsibilities, political party and oligarch influence, and corruption were among the key philosophical elements. Disparities from the public conversation surfaced, including attributions of impunity, conflict, slyness, and indifference.Conclusion: The research exposed young Ukrainians’ critical evaluations of authority, which acknowledged the necessity of social supervision but denounced the institution’s ties to political parties and corrupt tendencies. Extensive research on national mindset is essential to precisely predict state-building orientations and processes in an independent Ukraine

The Legal Nature of the International Staff"Comparative Analytical Study"

International organizations carry out their multiple tasks through the international staff, who is considered the main driving force for implementing the work of these organizations on the ground. The use of the term "international staff" has increased due to the growing role of international organizations in recent times in addressing many problems, such as humanitarian displacement resulting from conflicts and armed disputes and the humanitarian problems resulting from the displaced population due to those conflicts. Additionally, the increasing phenomenon of armed gangs threatening international security and peace has led to an increased need to appoint international staff whom organizations use to manage their daily and ongoing work. Considering all of the above, this study addresses several issues, the most important of which is determining the legal nature of the international staff. The study is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the legal framework for the international staff, focusing on two aspects. The first aspect clarifies the nature of the international staff, the legal definition of the international staff, and the legal requirements that must be met. The second aspect discusses their rights and duties. The second section is dedicated to discussing the administrative and criminal responsibility of the international staff. It consists of two parts: the first part discusses disciplinary sanctions for the international staff, while the second part discusses the criminal responsibility of the international staff. The study concludes with several findings, the most important of which is that the international staff bears a significant resemblance in concept to the local public employee, with the difference being the employing entity. Furthermore, the study provides several recommendations, including the establishment of a clear legal foundation for the administrative and criminal responsibility of the international staff through national and international legislation, aiming to create a clear definition of the legal nature of the international staff.

Legal mechanisms for gambling addiction protection: analysis of an emerging regulatory model in Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to analyze the legislation of Ukraine on the protection of gambling players from the formation of gambling addiction, to identify ways and means of protection, to evaluate their effectiveness and to formulate proposals for improving (strengthening) the protection of the rights of gambling players. The research used general scientific and special scientific methods of scientific knowledge. In particular, the dialectical method of learning the phenomena of the surrounding reality, comparative-legal, systemic-structural, methods of logic (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy). Many prevention measures have already been implemented in Ukraine. In addition, the player is protected by the right to receive free psychosocial assistance in the event of problems with gambling and free medical assistance in the event of a diagnosis of gambling addiction. The state also provides free socio-psychological rehabilitation of players during and after treatment for gaming addiction. The disadvantage is the bringing of the player to administrative responsibility for participating in illegal gambling and the impossibility of recognizing him as a victim in criminal proceedings to compensate for the damage caused by the crime (engagement in the gambling business).

Legal liability of servicemen for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing

The article examines the theoretical foundations and practical implementation of the legal responsibility of military personnel for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing. The study of judicial practice in this area is also an important stage, as it allows us to understand how specific legal norms and sanctions for their violation are applied in practice. On the basis of this analysis, it is possible to formulate recommendations for improving the legislation and the practice of its application in order to improve the effectiveness of the system of legal responsibility of military personnel for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing. The analysis of national legislation regarding the legal responsibility of military personnel for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing allows us to determine that such violations can be considered both disciplinary and administrative offenses. The article defines the legal responsibility of military personnel. The analysis of normative legal acts in the field of legal responsibility of military personnel for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing was carried out, with the help of which the procedural features of legal liability of military personnel, in particular, for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing, were clarified. It has been established that disciplinary or administrative responsibility may be applied for improper performance of duties during physical fitness testing. The study includes an analysis of most of the national legislation that regulates the issue of legal liability of military personnel for improper performance of official duties during physical fitness testing. The practice of applying the specified norms was determined, the judicial practice in the specified area was analyzed, and the corresponding conclusions were formulated.

ЗЕМЕЛЬНІ ПРАВОПОРУШЕННЯ: РОЗМЕЖУВАННЯ КРИМІНАЛЬНОЇ, АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОЇ І ДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ

The constitutional principles of a democratic and legal state guide the development of Ukraine in the direction of people’s rule and a legal state. Therefore, the subsystem of legal norms regulating homogeneous relations in the sphere of public and state maintenance of law and order acquires special importance for the materialization of formal and declarative norms about a democratic and legal state. Therefore, it is relevant to substantiate the need to separate the rules (norms) of public (public) order and disciplinary responsibility for their violation from the branches of administrative legislation into a separate branch according to the postulates of law. It is appropriate that the state regulation of behavior in public (public) places should be set out in the Code of Public Order. And the norms regulating responsibility for land, forest, air, etc. misdemeanors were transferred to the basic codes regulating legal relations in the relevant spheres of socio-economic life. At the same time, the primary task is to update and reform legislation based on the postulates and axioms of legal theories. The formation and development of civil society, organized into a democratic, social, legal state, in accordance with the principle of popular sovereignty, leads to changes in the very essence of delictological legal relations, a return to the postulates of legal theory (in the context of revived natural law). The separation of prescriptions and sanctioned customs of public order into an independent branch of law by including public rules regulating this order in its institutions forms a system of norms of public legal order. The proposed differentiation and systematization of legal responsibility is the basis for bringing the legal system into compliance with the axioms of the theory of law (jurisprudence) based on the postulates of Roman civil law. This will contribute to the improvement of both public order, in particular, and the development of civil society institutions, democracy, and the establishment of the rule of law in general. As well as the humanization of legal responsibility, the spread of educational and psychological measures of social (moral) responsibility, the strengthening of the discipline of social coexistence, the education of citizens’ self-discipline as a component of individual legal awareness. The transfer of norms regarding the responsibility for land offenses of private law officials and citizens to the basic land code will allow to systematize and separate the norms regarding the direct administrative responsibility of public law officials (state authorities, local self-government bodies) for illegal actions (inaction), land offenses in the field of management. Key words: legal responsibility, criminal offense, administrative offense, land offenses, land offenses in the field of management, public order, public misdemeanor.

The impact of the Istanbul Convention on the appointment of responsibility for domestic violence: gaps and inconsistencies

The article dwells upon the current Ukrainian legislation, which is being changed both at the legislative and legal level in connection with ratification of international conventions and practice of the ECtHR, which is the source of criminal responsibility under the Law of Ukraine "On the implementation of decisions and application of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights". Although the Istanbul Convention was signed by Ukraine back in 2011, it was ratified only on February 1, 2022. However, over the past 5 years, the national legislation has been brought into line with the requirements of the Convention and the practice of the ECtHR, but the change of legislation must be in line with the national legislation. We analyzed these inconsistencies and conflicts, which, in our view, relate more to the responsibility for the act of domestic violence. The types of punishment and penalties do not correspond to the purpose of the punishment, which is studied in more detail in the article. Besides, a large number of repetition and recidivism shows that the purpose of punishment, namely the correction of the sentenced person, does not reach its goal. The judicial statistics concerning administrative and criminal responsibility over the last three years was analyzed. The analyzed data of the polled police officers who are responsible for the regulation of problems in the family related to domestic violence are presented. As a result, conclusions and proposals to the current legislation were developed to improve the situation in the appointment of penalties and punishment for domestic violence.

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Bagi Produsen Obat Sirup Anak yang Berbahan Zat Berbahaya Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No 17 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kesehatan

The case shows that some children's syrup drug products contain hazardous substances that can endanger the health of children. As a producer of children's syrup, their legal responsibility is very important in ensuring consumer safety. Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health provides a legal framework that regulates the responsibility of producers in this regard. This thesis discusses the legal responsibility of producers of children's syrup containing dangerous substances based on the law. The research reviews legal aspects related to producer responsibility, including legal sanctions that can be given to producers if they are found to have violated regulations, as well as what efforts producers can take to minimize legal risks and meet product safety and quality standards. The results of the study show that manufacturers of syrup for children must pay attention to various regulations and safety and quality standards stipulated by Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health and related institutions, and conduct product trials periodically to ensure safety and quality. In addition, producers must also be prepared to face legal sanctions if they violate existing regulations, such as fines and revocation of business licenses. The legal responsibility of the producer, then legal liability, namely civil, criminal and administrative responsibility Legal efforts that can be carried out Mediation efforts with the business actor/manufacturer of children's syrup medicine, if this fails, then the process can be carried out through the Consumer Dispute Protection Agency (BPSK), if the decision is not satisfactory, further legal action can be taken through the general court. The Ministry of Health and BPOM should be able to mitigate risks at the outset, regarding the distribution of drugs in Indonesia

Адміністративні правопорушення в галузі охорони природи та використання природних ресурсів. Частина І. Атмосфера, повітря, відходи, пестициди та агрохімікати

Abstract. Aim. An analysis of the administrative legislation of Ukraine in the field of nature protection (atmosphere, air, waste, pesticides and agrochemicals) was carried out, criminal offenses that could be hidden under administrative offenses, or preparations for them or attempts to commit them, were considered. Materials and Methods. It has been established the criminal offenses (crimes), preparation for them or attempts to commit them can be hidden behind administrative offenses in the field of nature protection and use of natural resources (atmosphere, air, waste, pesticides and agrochemicals), namely: Art. Art. 78; 78-1; 79; 79-2; 80; 81; 82; 82-1; 82-2; 82-3; 82-4; 82-5; 82-6; 82-7; 83; 83-1 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. If there are relevant signs of a committed crime, the specified actions may entail liability for land pollution or damage (Article 239 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); for atmospheric air pollution (Article 241 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); for sea pollution (Article 243 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); for violation of the legislation on the continental shelf (Article 244 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), as well as for the illegal importation of waste and secondary raw materials into the territory of Ukraine (Article 268 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). Administrative offenses subject to liability under Article 83 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses "Violation of the rules for the use, storage, transportation, neutralization, elimination and burial of pesticides and agrochemicals, toxic chemicals and other drugs" can hide such criminal offenses as failure to take measures to eliminate the consequences of environmental pollution (Article 237 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); concealment or distortion of information about the environmental condition or morbidity of the population (Article 238 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); pollution or damage to land (Article 239 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); destruction or damage of plant life objects (Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); violation of legislation on plant protection (Article 247 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); intentional destruction or damage of territories taken under state protection and objects of the nature reserve fund (Article 252 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); design or operation of structures without environmental protection systems (Article 253 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). In addition, such actions can constitute treason (Part 1 or Part 2 of Article 111 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), sabotage (Part 1 or Part 2 of Article 113 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); ecocide (Article 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and genocide (Article 442 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), etc. The authors provided proposals for further improvement of the content of some articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses. Conclusions. Thus, Article 79 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses consists of two parts, each of which should be made a separate article, and Article 83 – 1 provides for administrative responsibility for six independent acts, which should be made independent articles of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. Proposals regarding the qualification and practical application of certain articles in the sphere of normative and legal regulation of legal relations in the field of environmental protection are also provided. Keywords: administrative offenses, nature protection, atmosphere, air, waste, pesticides and agrochemicals.

Administrative Prejudicial Effect as a Way of Criminalization using Criminal Liability for Violation of Traffic Rules as a Case Study (Article 264.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)

The logical consequence of recognizing administrative prejudicial effect as a form of criminalization is the need, when deciding on the validity of criminalizing repeated acts that initially entail administrative responsibility, to establish the existence of a basis for criminalization, which is considered to be the necessary degree of public danger. The author conducts an analysis of empirical data for 2013–2022 characterizing administrative offenses related to exceeding the established speed limit over 40 km per hour, as well as entering the lane intended for oncoming traffic. This makes it possible to assert at least the absence of an increase in the degree of public harm to the level of public danger (due to the consistent systematic reduction of a number of indicators of punishability, as well as the absence of an increase in injuries and deaths as a result of violations of these traffic rules for the entire analyzed period). Recognizing the absence as such of objective prerequisites for criminal law interference in the sphere of administrative law regulating the analyzed legal relations, it is worth recommending that the legislator pay close attention to the possibilities available within the framework of administrative legislation (including the prospect of establishing appropriate types and sizes of punishment to a greater extent), and the law enforcement officer — to the issues of the enforceability of punishment in the form of a fine. In order to take effective measures against the most serious offenders, it would be more correct to establish a differentiated scale of punishability depending on the fact of repetition of an administrative offense. This approach will make it possible to avoid the conceptual and law enforcement problems of «transferring» responsibility for a recurring offense to the criminal law.

Обоснование критериев построения (конструирования) санкций норм права об административной ответственности: теоретический и прикладной аспекты

Reforming administrative and tort legislation is based on ensuring compliance of the prohibitions and restrictions established in its norms with social needs in protecting the interests of the individual, society and the state from unlawful attacks. This article analyzes the factors and circumstances that are used in the rule-making process to justify the advisability of establishing (changing) sanctions in the rules of law on administrative responsibility, as well as specific types and sizes.

Особенности правового регулирования ответственности в процессе реализации требований законодательства в сфере оборота прекурсоров

The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of the rules for the production, storage, acquisition, use, transportation and destruction of precursors of narcotic and psychotropic substances, as well as reporting to authorized bodies. Methodology: general scientific and private scientific methods (comparative legal, formal legal, statistical) of scientific cognition of social processes and phenomena. Conclusions: taking into account many innovations of the authorized bodies affects the prevention of drug addiction and makes it possible to identify illegal transactions with these chemicals, as well as determine ways to successfully implement the powers of control and supervision in the field of precursor trafficking. In particular, attention is drawn to the need to study possible ways to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation in connection with the expansion of activities in the field of precursor trafficking. Scientific and practical significance: the study revealed the conditions for conducting forensic examinations during the preliminary investigation, the effectiveness of control and supervisory measures in the field of precursor trafficking, as well as bringing legal entities and individual entrepreneurs to administrative responsibility.

EN-LAKP: Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Emerging Networks

Emerging network technologies that will be developed and implemented in the next generation to enhance computing facilities are Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Software Defined Networking (SDN). Since micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology progress, WSNs become more and more popular since they offer realistic and affordable real- time monitoring options. As a result, as network traffic and the variety of sensor nodes rise, the SDN paradigm is being integrated into WSN to avoid a performance bottleneck with traditional network design. Since the sensor nodes are dispersed throughout a hostile environment and they communicate over a public channel, the information shared between entities is vulnerable to attack. The proposed protocol illustrated why it made sense to provide network administration and control responsibilities to centralized SDN controller nodes. We thus offer the Lightweight Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol (LAKP) for SDN-enabled WSNs to protect entity communication. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the suggested solution avoids known security vulnerabilities by doing both formal and informal security examinations using the Scyther tool and Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic.

Administrative Hierarchy of the Gandan Monastery According to the “Regulations of 1840”

The article is devoted to the analysis of the system of administrative positions in the Gandan Monastery of Mongolia during the Qing era in the context of the distribution of material wealth based on the author’s translation of an archival document entitled “Regulations of the Gandan Monastery”, compiled in 1840. During the study, the author relied on source studies, historical and sociological methods, and also a method of historical and ethnographic reconstruction. The use of these methods made it possible to restore the administrative structure of the Gandan monastery, as well as to identify the specifics of the everyday life and economic structure of the Buddhist clergy of the mid-19th century. As a result of the source study and historical-ethnographic analysis of the text of the “Regulations” and the identification of the main contexts for the mention of Buddhist monastic positions in the “Regulations”, the author came to the following conclusions: most of the cases of mentioning positions are related to the range of administrative and economic responsibilities (control, accounting and distribution of material wealth monastery), while the greatest attention of the drafters of the “Regulations” was paid to organizational aspects of preparing and conducting calendar Buddhist prayers, as well as issues of subordination between lamas. According to the text of the “Regulations”, the material assets that came under the jurisdiction of the Gandan monastery consisted mainly of cattle, food products (meat, pressed tea), pieces of silk fabric (Mong. mangnuγ), as well as various types of ritual hadaks (Mong. sonom-hadak, sambai-khadak), etc. The economic structure of the Gandan monastery was based on regular offerings (Mong. bar’ts) from the rich patrons of the monastery, princes and their closest relatives, as well as on the material support of the aimags-communities located at the monastery. It was also revealed that food surpluses from the offerings were sold, which indicates significant food reserves and, accordingly, the presence of large funds among the monastery leadership. In general, we can say that monastic everyday life in the context of the administrative hierarchy of Buddhist positions and statuses has its own eastern characteristics, it can be considered as a separate type of organization of everyday life of the eastern steppe society, which gradually moved to a semi-nomadic and sedentary way of life.

Workforce evaluation in the field of radiation oncology: National data from a limited-resource setting.

e13576 Background: The workforce shortage in the field of radiation oncology is a critical challenge in developing countries. This study's main objective was to evaluate the workload of radiation oncologists (RO) in Armenia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the adapted questionnaire from Gunasekera et al. (2021) survey was used. The study setting was the only two RO centers operating in Armenia (public and private). For data collection purposes, census sampling was done and self-administered questionnaires were distributed. The data collection time frame was 15-25 July 2023. Descriptive statistics was done to analyze and present data through portions. Results: In total, data on 16 ROs and residents was collected. The ratio of ROs per million population was 6 in 2023, in Armenia. Primary consultations in median lasted 25 minutes (range: 10-40 mins). Similarly, consults of the patients on active treatment lasted in median of 12.5 minutes (min-60 mins). The median duration of follow-up oncology care consults was 7.5 minutes per day (range: 10- 40 mins). In terms of clinic hours, physicians in public settings reported spending a median of 50 hours per week. According to the respondents, on average radiation therapy specialists allocated 50% of their working time to providing direct patient care, 35% to fulfilling administrative responsibilities, 5% to educational and teaching endeavors, and 10% to conducting scientific research. The median radiation therapy delay was 1 week. Namely, treatment delay in the non-metastatic setting was 1․19, and in the metastatic setting 1 week. By the ROs, the most common barriers to delivering cancer care were treatment high cost (68%, n=11), lack of access to imaging (18.7%, n=3) and pathological (18.7%, n=3) diagnostic procedures, and lack of physicians' time to dedicate to patients (31%, n=5). Conclusions: Our study offers some insight into the radiation oncology workload in Armenia. From this research, we conclude that Armenian healthcare is understaffed in terms of radiation oncologists and medical physicists compared to other upper-middle-income and high-income income countries. Moreover, the median daily workload of the ROs exceeds the upper limit of the amount of consults suggested by the international societies. Hence, further research is required for a detailed evaluation of the RO workforce and specific intervention development that will be able to address this issue in Armenia and other resource-limited settings.

Smart Online Feedback System

This research suggests an smart online feedback system for examining teacher feedback in educational setting. To evaluate faculty performance based on a set of criteria and offer the required academic intervention program rooted in the creation of an all-encompassing faculty development program, the suggested system gathers all the pertinent information from the feedback, which is now an essential component of the educational system. Compared to the current feedback method, which asks students to rate teachers according to predetermined criteria, the suggested smart online feedback system (SOFS) is more adaptable and flexible. SOFS evaluates instructors' strengths and shortcomings in all areas that matter to pupils. Students, instructors, and the staff in charge of administering and processing the feedback system will all gain from the study's outcome. Through the anonymous use of an online platform called SOFS, students can evaluate their professors' performance using a predetermined set of evaluation criteria and questions. Higher-ups at the institute may also utilise this information to assemble faculty groups that are suitable for certain teaching and administrative responsibilities. With the help of a mobile device, the assessor conducts a paperless evaluation of the teacher under the proposed Online Faculty Monitoring and Evaluation System. Because the software evaluation results satisfied the researcher's goals, they should be developed further. The generated study was very helpful and may be a great help to the institution, according to the general means of the system evaluation. The faculty members' improved usage was a result of their evaluations. Keywords: Web-based application, Administrate activities, Software Evaluation, Performance, Internet, Website, Social Network Services.