Administrative Reality Research Articles

Interests in the Constitutional Law of the People›s Republic of China and the Interests of Constitutional and Legal Regulation: An Estological Study

The publication examines the trends in the development of the current constitutional law of the People’s Republic of China, the formation of the national mechanism of legal regulation and the mechanism of state power. In the course of the study, as a result of applying the latest author›s methodology and research technology (estological analysis of the mechanism of constitutional and legal regulation and the mechanism of state power), authentic documents (sources of law, acts of interpretation of law, acts of implementation and application of law) of the PRC were collected. At the same time, the regularities of the existence of the interests of constitutional law as a social phenomenon and the interests of constitutional and legal regulation in the People’s Republic of China, which are immanently connected with the formation and functioning of the mechanism of state power in the respective country, were subjected to knowledge. The relationship of constitutional values and anti-values, fixed in the matter of the constitutional law of the People›s Republic of China with each other, allows us to consider determining the interests of positive constitutional law, the legal features of the development of the political system of the People’s Republic of China, the mechanism of state power and the objective characteristic features of the mechanism and process of legal regulation in the state in question. When conducting an estological analysis, the presence of a phenomenology of the interests of constitutional legal and legal regulation, corresponding to the signs of positive law and the mechanism of state power, is revealed. Signs of positive law determine the specifics of legal regulation and determine the peculiarities of the functioning of the mechanism of state power of the PRC. The subjects and their interests, legalized in the constitutional law of the People’s Republic of China, individualize the specifics of the objective legal and administrative reality of the People’s Republic of China, defining its unique outlines and manifestations.

Public administration and politics: correlation of theoretical concepts in historical retrospect

The article analyzes the classification of the relationship between politics and administration, it was found that four models are distinguished according to the degree of interrelationship: classical, bureaucratic, deliberative, and hybrid. The formation and characteristic features of each model are considered. It was singled out a number of advantages of the hybrid model and given four main reasons that recommend its use: 1) provides an innovative (non-rationalist) view of the political process; 2) integrates policy and administration; 3) is sensitive to the complex nature of public policy; 4) it has the potential to deepen the democratic process. In modern socio-economic conditions, the Ukrainian system of public administration has not yet found an optimal relationship between politics and administration, there is no clear separation of administrative and political functions. The reality of public administration shows that Ukraine lacks professional administrators-managers, free from the “pressure” of politics, as well as politicians who understand administrative mechanisms. However, the science of public administration was conceived as a technical way of solving social problems, which allows people to avoid the pitfalls of politics. It can be said that society would have better life if the collective decision-making process was devoid of political mediation and instead based solely on scientific approach. Although even in this case, it is worth remembering that public administration, which is guided by the instrumental type of rationality, does not allow civil society (which is based on the communicative type of rationality) to have a significant impact on administrative activities. Therefore, in our opinion, the best way to combine such similar and at the same time different phenomena as politics and administration is the method proposed by the hybrid model, because it defines: a) that public administration performs both administrative and political tasks; b) the political process as a continuous dispute that is never resolved forever, the hybrid model is adapted to the increasingly complex conditions of policy formation. After all, the hybrid model notes the coexistence of several views; it allows political subjects to express their disagreement through political centers. By identifying conflict in the political process, the hybrid model promotes the development of democratic practices and institutions. Dissent, rather than binding consensus, is indispensable for revitalizing democratic processes and eliminating the “democratic deficits” that pervade modern societies.

The Interests in the Constitutional Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Interests of Constitutional and Legal Regulation: An Estological Study

The article contains the final materials of a comprehensive study conducted by the author in the field of the concept of constitutional and legal regulation in the Democratic People›s Republic of Korea using the latest author›s methodology and research technology (estological analysis of constitutional and legal regulation). The paper proposes a differentiated approach to the definition of system-structural and functional characteristics of interests in the constitutional law of the DPRK by subjects and objects. In addition to monitoring the subjects, owners of interests and objects of interest, the study attempts to state the patterns of existence of the interests of constitutional law and the interests of constitutional and legal regulation, as an independent social phenomenon. When conducting an estological study of the form and content of positive constitutional law, its legal and technical features in the state under consideration, the presence of a phenomenology of the interests of constitutional legal and general legal regulation is revealed. Signs of the interests of legal regulation differ from the political interests of subjects of constitutional law. These signs correspond to the signs of the most positive law and the signs of the mechanism of state power of the DPRK. The generalized materials allow us to consider constitutional values and anti-values in relation to each other, defining the interests of positive constitutional law, legal features of the development of the political system of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the mechanism of state power and objective signs of the mechanism and process of legal regulation in the state in question. When conducting an estological study, the presence of a phenomenology of the interests of constitutional and legal and legal regulation, corresponding to the signs of positive law and the mechanism of state power, is revealed. Signs of positive law determine the specifics of legal regulation and determine the features of the functioning of the mechanism of state power. The subjects and their interests, legalized in constitutional law, individualize the specifics of the objective legal and administrative reality of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, defining its unique outlines and manifestations.

At Wit's End: The Deadly Discourse of the Jewish Joke

At Wit's End: The Deadly Discourse of the Jewish Joke

At Wit's End: The Deadly Discourse of the Jewish Joke

At Wit's End: The Deadly Discourse of the Jewish Joke

Assessing User Experience: Incorporating Student Voice in Libraries’ Pandemic Response

This article demonstrates how a public research university library responded to user needs following radical service changes during Fall 2020 and assesses whether the library met challenges resulting from COVID-19. The library reduced hours and occupancy and implemented a reservation system and new health safety guidelines with the goal of a safe environment. During Fall 2020, 540 survey respondents reported feeling their health was not at risk, suggesting the goal was accomplished. Additionally, users provided feedback about the altered landscape. This article will benefit administrators and user experience librarians who need to balance user preferences and administrative reality.

One Step Forward or One Step Back? Explaining the Performance Paradox in the Civil Service of Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, two contrasting scenarios regarding the responsiveness of the bureaucrats working at the field level are present. Whereas some bureaucrats reach out to the people and respond to their demands, others remain unresponsive and unapproachable. So, why do the bureaucrats working at the grassroots, while performing under the same rules, same institutional context and reality, perform in two different ways while interacting with citizens? How can these two contradictory sets of understanding regarding bureaucratic responsiveness coexist in Bangladesh? This article attempts to unpack this puzzle by relying on a slightly modified version of historical institutionalism. Building on Bell’s model of ‘agent-centric institutional change’ and by using a modified version of Mahoney & Thelen’s framework of institutional change, it argues that dialectical interaction between agents (bureaucrats) and institutions (i.e., rules- both formal and informal, norms that affect the behavior of the agents) within the broader political setting can best explain the variation in behavioral pattern of the bureaucrats. The political context allows agents to exercise discretion in a specific manner in executing their roles and functions while being constrained by institutional rules and norms. The dialectical interaction between structure (political context), agent, and institution determines the current administrative reality, which has allowed the contradiction to emerge and sustain.

They’re Called “Specialty Courts” for a Reason: A Criminologically-informed and Evidence-based Reply to Lucas (2020)

ABSTRACT We recently published an article in Victims & Offenders in which we argued that: (1) the generality of deviance is real (i.e., offenders rarely specialize in any form of criminal or deviant behavior), (2) specialty courts typically assume – either implicitly or explicitly – that offenders do, in fact, specialize primarily in a particular form of criminal behavior, and (3) that there is thus a mismatch between a well-documented criminological reality and the administrative reality of specialty courts. Lucas recently took issue with our arguments and claimed that specialty courts are well-run, evidence based, and sufficiently flexible to be consistently effective at reducing recidivism, and that our relative pessimism is rooted in our “misinterpretation” of the evidence we cite. We find no merit in either of his arguments and we present here a criminologically-informed and evidence-based discussion of the generality of deviance and specialty courts.

The reality of the application of electronic management in government secondary schools in the Kasbah of Mafraq from the viewpoint of teachers: واقع تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية في المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في قصبة المفرق من وجهة نظر المعلمين – الأردن

The study aimed to identify the reality of applying electronic management in secondary public schools in the Qasaba of Mafraq from the teachers' point of view. It also aimed to identify the differences between the arithmetic averages of the study sample according to the difference and the extent of the influence of the variables (gender, specialization and years of experience). On the sample answers, the study used the descriptive survey method, and the tool consisted of (a questionnaire) consisting of (27) items distributed on three axes. It was distributed on a simple random sample consisting of (180) male and female teachers in secondary schools in Qasbah Al Mafraq. The study found that the reality of electronic administration in secondary public schools in Kasbah Al Mafraq obtained an overall average (2.76), i.e. a medium degree. At the level of the axes, the electronic culture axis got the highest level, with an average of (2.97), It is followed by the axis of infrastructure and technical equipment with an average of (2.79), Finally, the electronic skills axis has an average of (2.52), and all of them have a grade of (medium). The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences on all axes due to the gender variable and in favor of females. And the presence of differences statistically significant for the variable of specializations and came in favor of humanity, and the absence of statistically significant differences attributed to the variable of experience. Among the most important recommendations of the study were the provision of technical training programs, and the holding of courses to support teachers' skills.

Algunas cuestiones sobre terminología territorial en el Reino de León durante la Alta y la Plena Edad Media

Throughout the Middle Ages, the administrative structures in the kingdom of Leon experiment many important changes, motivated by the inner evolution of the early medieval society, and also by the european and east-spaniard influence. For knowing better this complexe process, the historian must undertand and clarify before the concepts and terms by means of which that administrative reality are expressed.

Limiting the executive power after the Second World War: the invention of administrative science

This article analyses the emergence of administrative science in France in the wake of the Second World War. The birth of this discipline is examined through the history of its founders, a group of comparatist aiming at developing universal administrative principles. The post-war context prompted the creation of checks and balances against administrative power (through oversight of the legality of administrative action) and against the powers of nation states (through human rights and international organizations). Administrative science and comparative law were meant to rebuild international relations. The history of this discipline highlights a legal project to redefine the role and limits of executive power at the dawn of the construction of a new world order. Points for practitioners Looking at long-term developments in the science of administration helps to inform administrative practice by providing a historical and reflective perspective. This article shows how a new understanding of the administrative reality emerged after the fall of the totalitarian regimes of the first half of the 20th century. It highlights the different ways in which administrative power was controlled after the Second World War through greater oversight over administrative legality, the establishment of universal administrative principles and the proclamation of human rights. Questions of administrative legitimacy and the limitation of administrative power are still very much part of the daily practice of executive power, and represent a central aspect of administrative thinking.

A Requirements Solution While Training Professional Project Leaders

Globalization urges the necessity of having world class leaders, and very frequently in its formation, is required to teach them computational tools to mainly improve their project management facilities. In order to give project management a greater quality, a very important point is to control and follow up all users’ diverse requirements, from the beginning to the end of each or any type of project: administrative, academic, engineering, software, video games, virtual and mixed reality, etc. This research shows a project requirements manager’s approach which allows knowing the specific requirements in each of its phases and give an advanced description of its various types and their traceability. This prototype promotes project requirement management best practices, and link them to the various areas of engineering, administration, planning and also with society, industry, commerce and academic sectors.

The human rights approach to social assistance: Normative principles and system characteristics

This article deals with the substantive meaning of the human right of social assistance. The central question is how normative human rights principles can be reconciled with system characteristics which are part of the practical reality of social assistance law and administration. In order to answer this question, we present illustrations of how the human right of social assistance has been operationalised, with a particular emphasis on the judgments and opinions of courts and quasi-judicial institutions. What emerges is that the meaning of the human right of social assistance is not fixed or to be found in some natural law abstraction. It is organically created in the process of confronting human rights principles with the system characteristics of social assistance. Drivers of this process are, inter alia, the principles of a universal material minimum subsistence level, a dignified life for social assistance recipients, and a rights-based approach.

Frontline Employee Organizational Behavior based on street level bureaucracy reviews

This article discusses organizational behavior is the result of interactions between individuals in an organization. The reality of public administration in a 'street level' bureaucracy is that it cannot operate hierarchically because the agency has to rely on street-level bureaucrats to provide services. The orientation of street level bureaucracy towards regulations and procedures is very high and makes it a barometer of service which results in low ability of street level bureaucracy to respond to changes, lack of initiative and development of creativity in controlling change so that routine is considered something normal. Understanding human behavior is a difficult thing because every human being as an individual has different behavior. Street-level bureaucrats have so much discretion that the problem is found in a lack of accountability either to the wider community, to management, or to clients.

Maaseutuhallinnon arjen todellisuus – puhetta byrokraattisuudesta

The everyday reality of rural administration – talk about bureaucracyThe article analyses bureaucratic discourse in everyday rural administration, utilising Max Weber’s bureaucratic theory and the notions of dysfunctional bureaucracy by Robert K. Merton. The word bureaucracy has a negative connotation in implementing business funding within partially EU financed rural development programmes. The research contains 38 interviews with rural administration actors and entrepreneurs. Critical discourse analysis revealed three discourses: law obedience, programme as a host and wholeness missing. The results established that the bureaucratic model of rural administration produces many undesired consequences.

Towards a Sustainable and Adaptive Groundwater Management: Lessons from the Benalup Aquifer (Southern Spain)

Reversing the chemical and quantitative impacts derived from human activity on aquifers demands a multidisciplinary approach. This requires, firstly, to update the hydrogeological knowledge of the groundwater systems, which is pivotal for the sustainable use of this resource, and secondly, to integrate the social, economic and administrative reality of the region. The present work focuses on the Benalup aquifer, whose exploitation plays a major role in the economy of the area, based mainly on irrigated agriculture. This activity has had negative consequences for the aquifer in quantitative and chemical terms, leading to its declaration as in poor condition. The study presented here shows the results obtained from the application of hydrogeological techniques, remote sensing and citizen participation tools, which have allowed us to deepen and improve the current knowledge of the system’s hydrogeological, geometric, administrative and social aspects. Additionally, the lessons learned from this case study are analyzed. The deficiencies detected are discussed, and alternatives aimed at the sustainable use of groundwater are proposed, such as the possibility of a joint use of surface and groundwater resources, the creation of a Water User Association responsible for the management of groundwater and the need for greater efforts aimed at educating and raising awareness of water conservation among citizens.

PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI NEGARA DI INDONESIA

In general, its administration and formulation leads us to the administrative reality which is a milestone of the government to conduct and run its government. The law becomes the main basis in carrying out life to guarantee the principles of order and discipline so that there is order, ensuring a sense of independence, a sense of security, comfort, and order. The law is an umbrella between all types of human actions and behavior to achieve the principle of human protection. Sanctions are an important concluding part of law, also in administrative law. Generally there is no point in including obligations or prohibitions for citizens in state administrative legislation, when rules of conduct cannot be imposed by state administration (in the case where necessary). Furthermore, the implementation of a government sanction is valid as a decision (determination) which gives a burden to the parties. That brings with it the nature (nature) of sanctions.

The Reality of The Electronic Management for Academic Administrators at The University of Tabuk: واقع الإدارة الإلكترونية للإداريين الأكاديميين بجامعة تبوك

The study aimed to identify the reality of the electronic management of the academic administrators of Tabuk University in Saudi Arabia. The study used descriptive analytical method by applying a questionnaire to a sample of (117) academic administrators at Tabuk University for the academic year 2014-2015. The study reached several results, the most important of which is that the reality of electronic administration at Tabuk University was average. In addition, the field of training policies in the application of electronic management came first place and then the field of electronic monitoring and evaluation, then the field of electronic implementation, planning and organization, and finally the field of performance evaluation. The study found that the level of the field of training policies in the application of electronic management was high because of the interest of the university administration to provide the latest software and equipment that develops administrative work. The study found that the level of planning and organization was between high and medium. The study recommended the need to train academic administrators on electronic management in the field of planning and organization, and work to raise the awareness of the senior management of the university and raise the awareness of academic administrators of the importance of electronic management and its effective role in administrative work. The study also recommended conducting training courses in electronic administration for deans of colleges. In addition to adopting the proposed program that was developed to develop the efficiency of academic administrators in electronic administration at Tabuk University.

How ‘smart’ is Public Administration in the Eyes of European Students? - Examining Behaviour Models in the Public Administration

Abstract Following study focussed on the perception of the public administration by the international students in the context of implementation of the concept of smart administration. New administrative reality requires that public administration should not only adapt to new conditions, but should also introduce complex plans of change, which in consequence should lead to the creation of a new type of smart administration, which adequately answers the needs and expectations of contemporary and future citizens. Smart administration should be understood as an effective, well managed organisation with reasonably simplified structure and conduct oriented primarily towards serenity, comfort and well-being of the recipient of its service. Important feature is easy, two-way communication, which is a gateway for active participation of citizens in public affairs in both local and nationwide level. For the purpose of this study, various dispositions expressed towards public administration were classified into the three categories of behaviour models. Models of behaviour in public administration presented in the paper are meritoric-despotism behaviour, efficient-democratic behaviour and anarchist-informal behaviour and were created for this study on the basis of approaches already present in the field. Main objective of the paper is to provide preliminary analysis of how the international students perceive changes in the behaviour models in public administration and what is the role of smart administration in this. This paper is based on the data collected during the interviews, conducted face to face, with four students from different part of Europe and who are following exchange programmes. Questions concerned the experience in contact with public administration, its role, performance and how should it be changed. Research results showed that regarding behaviour changes in public administration, interlocutors speak in favour of a centralised model of public administration rather than decentralised, which is interesting in the context of smart administration, because this mean that there is still a common perception that the base of classic approach to public administration should be maintained even if modified by new concepts.

Strategy for Implementing the Policy of Optimizing Advertisement Tax Revenues in Bandung District

Regional autonomy gives freedom to the regions to explore the sources of financial revenues guaranteed by the Regional Government Law and until now each region is very dependent on the local tax sector. Various policy efforts have been made by the regional government to manage, regulate and manage local taxes, but are still not optimal. This study aims to formulate a strategy for implementing the policy of optimizing advertisement tax revenues in the Revenue and Financial Management Office of Bandung Regency. The research method used is mixed methods with qualitative and quantitative approaches (sequential exploratory). Qualitative approaches were chosen in line with the purpose of this study to uncover and illustrate a reality of public administration regarding the implementation of advertising policies through the development of concepts based on facts and data carefully and to draw meaning from ideas, attitudes and motives related to problems and research objectives, while Quantitative approach as a cross check on the results of Qualitative data analysis. The results of the study found that the effective policy implementation model for optimizing advertisement tax revenues in the Office of Revenue and Financial Management is the Strength-Opportunity (SO) strategy, which uses internal power to take advantage of opportunities. owned.