Administrative Decisions Research Articles

Business game “High-tech Pediatric Surgery”: Modeling of management decisions in children’s health protection in the Far Eastern Federal District

BACKGROUND: The difference in the levels of total infant mortality in certain administrative territorial entities of the country is an acute medical and social problem of domestic healthcare, which indicates the absence of a single standard of accessibility and quality of medical care. This indicator in the Far Eastern Federal District significantly exceeds the corresponding indicators in the Central and Northwestern districts.
 AIM: This study aimed to identify unresolved problems and identify ways to improve the availability and quality of surgical care for children by modeling the process of making administrative and clinical decisions by employees of medical organizations and heads of healthcare in the Far Eastern Federal District in the interests of children in need of specialized, including high-tech, medical care, including medical evacuation.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A “business game” with simultaneous implementation of the simulation process in 11 regions of the Far Eastern Federal District was conducted using distributed communication channels and technical capabilities of audiovisual fixation of the opinions of the study participants. A series of five business games on the following profiles were implemented: neonatal surgery, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, oncology, and combustiology. The scenarios of the games were prepared by the organizers of the study: “Russian Association of Pediatric Surgeons” (LLC) and “Agency for Strategic Initiatives to promote new projects” (ANO). The moderators of the games were leading specialists from specialized federal medical organizations. The game participants were regional teams of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District. The observers of the games were representatives of federal legislative and executive authorities and healthcare experts.
 RESULTS: In this study, 9–11 regions of the Far Eastern Federal District participated in a series of five games. The total number of participants in business games ranged from 126 to 151, and the number of connection points was 42–66. The identified problematic issues included organizational (9), personnel (8), transport (7), equipment (7), and financial (6) aspects.
 CONCLUSIONS: The ideology of the interregional centers of specialized surgical care for children corresponds to the vision of representatives of the professional community and organizers of territorial healthcare as a promising way to increase the availability and quality of medical care to the pediatric population.

Explainable AI and Law: An Evidential Survey

Decisions made by legal adjudicators and administrative decision-makers often found upon a reservoir of stored experiences, from which is drawn a tacit body of expert knowledge. Such expertise may be implicit and opaque, even to the decision-makers themselves, and generates obstacles when implementing AI for automated decision-making tasks within the legal field, since, to the extent that AI-powered decision-making tools must found upon a stock of domain expertise, opacities may proliferate. This raises particular issues within the legal domain, which requires a high level of accountability, thus transparency. This requires enhanced explainability, which entails that a heterogeneous body of stakeholders understand the mechanism underlying the algorithm to the extent that an explanation can be furnished. However, the “black-box” nature of some AI variants, such as deep learning, remains unresolved, and many machine decisions therefore remain poorly understood. This survey paper, based upon a unique interdisciplinary collaboration between legal and AI experts, provides a review of the explainability spectrum, as informed by a systematic survey of relevant research papers, and categorises the results. The article establishes a novel taxonomy, linking the differing forms of legal inference at play within particular legal sub-domains to specific forms of algorithmic decision-making. The diverse categories demonstrate different dimensions in explainable AI (XAI) research. Thus, the survey departs from the preceding monolithic approach to legal reasoning and decision-making by incorporating heterogeneity in legal logics: a feature which requires elaboration, and should be accounted for when designing AI-driven decision-making systems for the legal field. It is thereby hoped that administrative decision-makers, court adjudicators, researchers, and practitioners can gain unique insights into explainability, and utilise the survey as the basis for further research within the field.

Decision-Making Processes Used by Florida Hospital Administrators to Reduce 30-Day Readmission

Hospital administrators face a complex decision-making process in addressing 30-day readmission. This qualitative descriptive study used purposive sampling with criteria to identify and interview 12 study hospital administrators in Florida. Semi-structured interviews and 15 secondary-archival data sources were analyzed to determine themes. Ten themes emerged from the thematic data analysis, revealing that hospital administrator decision-making is multi-faceted and involves knowledge of systems, complexity, past experiences, and available data. Internal and external factors can influence hospital behavior and, if not managed correctly, can lead to chaotic readmission processes with increased operating costs, poorer patient outcomes, and unwanted attention from regulators. This study provides new knowledge to enhance hospital administration decision-making.

Settlement as a Form of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Administrative Matters: The Case of Slovenia

This article discusses settlement as an alternative method of resolving administrative matters in Slovenian law. Its main objective is to identify problems caused by the current regime and to propose some solutions. To achieve this aim, it relies in particular on the comparative and dogmatic research method. The author notes that – in contrast to many comparative law regimes – Slovenian law generally does not allow for settlement between an administrative authority deciding on an administrative matter and a party to an administrative procedure, but only for settlement between parties with opposing interests. Most administrative cases are thus still settled by an administrative decision. The author considers that a settlement between the administrative authority and a party to an administrative procedure should also be introduced into Slovenian law, but it should be limited only to certain administrative matters or only with respect to (part of) the content of the (later issued) administrative decision.

Public administration managers' and employees' perceptions of adaptability to change under “the future of work” paradigm

The future is uncertain and brings with it changes and challenges. Public employees' tasks are changing with the rise of digital transformation. It is crucial to improve the skills of public administration employees and anticipate what new skills they will need to prepare them for the future of work. This study explores the effects of digital, communication, intrapreneurial, and fundraising competencies on public employees' readiness for the future of work. A conceptual model was designed based on the theory of future-ready skills and the theory of skill-biased technological change. PLS-SEM was then used to test nine research hypotheses. Digital competencies and intrapreneurial competencies were found to have a significant impact on employee readiness for the future of work. Communication competencies and digital competencies were observed to be correlated with intrapreneurial competencies. Besides its contribution to the literature on skills for the future of work, this paper offers valuable suggestions for public administration decision makers and public employees, as well as higher education institutions and other places of learning.

Sankcje w postaci kar pieniężnych

Over the several decades of her scientific activity, Professor Teresa Rabska played an outstanding role in the formation of Polish administrative law, particularly during the political and economic transformations of the late 1980s, when Prof. Rabska was actively involved in the field. Within public economic law, the role of the state and its tools for influencing the economy have evolved fundamentally. In this area, the administrative sanctions with which administrative bodies were equipped have developed profoundly and taken on an important function. Undoubtedly, the European Union plays a significant role in the development of administrative penalties. Penalties are imposed in the form of administrative decisions, issued according to procedures governed by the Code of Administrative Procedure. This Code and other laws enumerate the prerequisites for assessing a penalty. Among these, the omission of the element of guilt must be a cause for concern. Consequently, particularly in the case of penalties imposed on individuals, the penalty may be imposed on a person to whom no fault can be attributed in the violation of the law that caused the punishment. The system of fines thus arouses great dissatisfaction among market participants. An analysis of the system of administrative penalties in Poland raises the issue of harmonizing solutions on the scale of the European Union, as it is expected that penalties should be of similar size in all member states. However, the statutory enshrinement of high penalties in the current legislation does not prejudge the practice of imposing them. Given the smaller revenues generated in Poland, the penalties imposed should be proportionately lower. Moreover, the law does not categorically require the imposition of high penalties. The legislation often uses the word “may,” from which some people draw conclusions about the imposition of penalties under administrative discretion, which is not legitimate.

Exploring Methotrexate Route of Administration Decisions for Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Methotrexate is a common first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, yet its widespread and habitual usage often leads physicians to overlook the choice of administration route when planning management strategies. A recent survey involving 30 consultant rheumatologists from France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the UK, identified variation in the utilisation and perceptions regarding oral versus subcutaneous delivery for methotrexate. In November 2023, EMJ interviewed Roberto Caporali, Professor of Rheumatology at the University of Milan, and Head of the Department of Rheumatology and Medical Sciences at Gaetano Pini Hospital, Milan, Italy. Caporali’s expertise is in clinical practice, teaching, and research in rheumatology, mainly rheumatoid arthritis and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, with a focus on prognostic factors, biomarkers, and treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe active rheumatoid arthritis. During this interview, Caporali discussed the decision-making process for treating rheumatoid arthritis, with a particular focus on the use of methotrexate. The purpose was to gain insights from a rheumatology expert regarding the prevalence and management goals of the disease, and available treatment options. The interview considered key decision-making drivers and barriers to healthcare professionals when selecting the route of administration. Caporali suggested that the efficacy and safety profile of methotrexate when delivered subcutaneously may be the optimal choice for patients, often resulting in higher adherence compared to oral dosing. Caporali recommended education and re-evaluation of local guidelines to improve patient outcomes by better understanding the optimal use and efficacy of methotrexate.

Participatory Democracy in Florianópolis: The Experience of Participatory Budgeting Based on Law no. 14.061/2018

Objective: Analyze participatory democracy and highlight the municipality, as a fruitful space for the realization of citizenship, through popular participation in public management, focusing on the institute of participatory budgeting in decision-making and the experience of Florianópolis, considering the five years of validity of the Municipal law 14.061/2018. Theoretical framework: Supported by the theoretical legacy of Paulo Bonavides, the research seeks to stimulate critical reflection on participatory democracy in Brazilian constitutionalism and the exercise of citizenship at the local level. Starting from the understanding that the Constitution and the Democratic Rule of Law in the Brazilian federative model find a privileged space for action in the municipality and, therefore, are also carried out through local constitutional policies, the research considers the need to establish instruments that enable the implementation of participatory democracy, especially when it comes to cities and citizenship such as social inclusion, political participation, and community integration. In this sense, participatory budgeting is presented as an effective means of stimulating popular participation at the municipal level. Method: Contextualized within the disciplinary scope of Constitutional Law, from the methodological perspective of the study of Law as constitutional policy, this article is the result of bibliographical and document research, with the application of the hypothetical-deductive method, also involving the collection of data relating to the budget participatory in the Capital of Santa Catarina and the analysis of its correlation with popular participation. Results and conclusion: The standardization of the participatory budget gave greater legitimacy and, in fact, stimulated popular participation. Greater community integration was also noted, observing that the participatory budget is a useful instrument for optimizing the basic precepts of participatory democracy and the Democratic Rule of Law. Research implications: By analyzing the experience of the Capital of Santa Catarina, it is expected to contribute significantly to the visualization of the potentialities and weaknesses of using the participatory budgeting institute in Brazilian municipalities, as an expression of participatory democracy and active citizenship at the local level. Originality/value: The research is part of the study of practices for the consolidation of the Democratic State in Brazilian federalism and participatory democracy at the municipal level. The study is relevant not only for understanding participatory budgeting in the municipality of Florianópolis, as it provides support for reflecting on local democracy in Brazilian municipalities, as the debate regarding popular legitimacy in administrative decision-making has been growing.

Effects of climate, soil and water source on the distribution of bioavailable iron in low-land paddy soils of Sri Lanka

Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral element of plants. However, the current status of bioavailable Fe in lowland paddy fields in Sri Lanka is not known. This study was conducted to examine the (i) spatial distribution of bioavailable Fe concentration, and (ii) interactive effects of agro-climatic zone (ACZ), soil order, and water source in determining the bioavailable Fe concentration in lowland paddy fields in Sri Lanka. A total of 6003 soil samples representing six ACZs, six soil orders, and three water sources were collected using a stratified random sampling approach. Bioavailable Fe was extracted using 0.01 M CaCl2 and measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometry. Bioavailable Fe concentration ranged between 0.0003 and 339 mg kg−1 with a mean of 49.4 mg kg−1. Samples collected from the Wet zone, particularly the Wet zone Low country, had higher Fe concentrations than those reported in other ACZs (p < 0.05). Among the soil orders, Histosols, Inceptisols and Ultisols had higher Fe concentrations while Entisols, Alfisols and Vertisols reported lower values (p < 0.05). Paddy fields receiving water from major irrigation systems in Wet zone Low country had more Fe. Moreover, Fe concentration was not correlated with rice crop productivity (p > 0.05). The spatial maps of bioavailable Fe generated in this study could be useful for making area-specific agronomic and administrative decisions based on ACZs, soil orders and water sources used in paddy cultivation in Sri Lanka.

Extensive Jurisdiction of State Administrative Courts in Indonesia: Interpretation and Legal Coherence Issues

Prior to 2014, state administrative courts’ authority was constrained due to the limited construction of administrative decisions and exclusion articles in the SAC. The GAA expanded these restrictions in 2014 by modifying those provisions. The court is empowered to review not only written administrative decisions but also unlawful factual government acts. However, the expansions give rise to multiple interpretations and legal coherence concerns. Crucial issues include jurisdictional conflicts between administrative courts and other courts, varying interpretations of legal standing requirements and legal injuries, identifying the government’s factual actions as defined by the GAA, and the existence of exclusion articles in the SAC. This study uses a systematic and conceptual legal interpretation and analysis with three approaches. It concluded that the basic principles and concepts in the SAC should not be neglected when interpreting the provisions of the GAA. There are certain legal coherence issues if the interpretation of the GAA is not linked to the SAC. To solve these problems, the GAA’s implementation and the extensive jurisdiction of the administrative judiciary require the integration and reformulation of substantive and procedural laws and judicial institutional relations.

Problematika Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara Yang Bersifat Fiktif Positif Setelah Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020

This doctrinal research aims to analyze the development of legal consequences and legal protection related to the Government's omission on applications to state administrative officials. Until the enactment of the Job Creation Act, there were 3 (three) different legal norms regarding the legal consequences of the Government's omission on applications to state administrative officials, namely fictitious rejection, in the State Administrative Court Law, fictitious approval followed up with applications, in the Government Administration Act, and fictitious approval without being followed up with an application, in the Job Creation Act. Based on the principle that the new law overrides the old law, the applicable legal consequences are as regulated in the Job Creation Act. Then, legal protection related to the Government's omission on applications to state administrative officials are the imposition of administrative sanctions, submitting applications for the determination of fictitious approval of state administrative decisions to the Administrative Court, filing claims based on government actions disputes, or submitting reports to the Ombudsman.

Deforestation and Judicial intervention in India

Judiciary in India has played a vigorous role in addressing the concern of deforestation in India. Supreme Court’s ruling is an important step in helping to reduce the rate of deforestation in India, and to protect the forests that remain.&#x0D; The concepts of industrialization, urbanization and globalization have negatively prejudiced the natural assets like water, woods, air, etc. Since these resources are essential to human growth, there is an urgent need to protect and use them in a sustainable way. Indeed, forests are a crucial component of our natural ecology. They contribute to preserving ecological equilibrium. They protect the tribal populace, protect gene pools, and shelter wild animals. A successful governance model must strike a balance between development and conservation.&#x0D; Through court rulings, administrative decisions, and legislative measures, India has ensured the preservation of her forests. Though a lot of legislative measures have been made for the maintenance of forests in India, but the input of the judiciary in this regard is beyond compare. Finding means for the Indian government to encourage the preservation of the country's woods is crucial for both the future of the forests and the stability of India. Indian woods may decline as a result of the country's expanding population and associated demands for resources and consumption. Any large decline would result in increasing resource scarcity, which would put more pressure on the government.

The Primacy Position of the Comparison Question

Abstract A simple question for many, idle for others, but necessary to answer for everyone, is why the comparison question occupies a first position based on the relevant question when it comes to format sequences corresponding to deception polygraph techniques. Th is questioning is transcendent when it occurs in the context of the scientific, legal debate, or due to the scrutiny of polygraph consumers who make administrative decisions based on the diagnostic results. However, within the polygraphy union it seems that the answer has been dealt with in informal settings, in hallway talks or as a classroom topic, but the truth is that its documentary formality seems to be scarce, for this reason, this discussion has the intention of providing basic knowledge to field examiners about this procedural unknown, of which, we are convinced that they are the ones who must be prepared to answer this and other procedural questions in order to maintain the scientific reputation of our profession.

Status of Dispute Resolution of Village Head Decision Based on Commercial Administrative Decision Law

In the scope of the smallest area, the village is led by a village head. Of course, the village head also has the authority to provide policies in the form of decisions on several things that occur within his coverage area. This type of research is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. From this research, it can be concluded that the village head is not a state agency/official, even though the village is given authority by law that the village head as the village leader is given free authority. In the event that the village head's regulation that results in a decision is considered contrary to the public interest or contrary to other laws and regulations above it, then it can be canceled by the Regent / mayor instead of being carried out by the village head, so the village head's decision cannot be said to be KTUN.&#x0D;

Legal Annotation of Court Decision Number 75 / Pdt.Sus – Ipr / Merek / 2022 / Pn Niaga Jkt.Pst in Administrative Certainty for Famous Brands in Indonesia

Review of the trademark determination in court decision Number 75/Pdt.Sus-Hki/Merek/ 2022/Pn Niaga Jkt.Pst rejection of the application for the trademark GENHALILINTAR + Painting by Anofial Asmid because it was registered by PT SOKA CIPTA NIAGA on October 23 2017 with a Notification of Rejection Registration of the Mark "GENHALILINTAR + Painting" Agenda Number D002018027834 dated 31 December 2019 by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property and Decision of the Mark Appeal Commission / Defendant Number 375 / KBM / IPR / 2020 dated 8 September 2020. This turns out to be interesting because in Halilintar Anofial Asmid has registered the GENHALILINTAR + Painting brand in several classes, which of course contradicts the arguments in the Notice of Rejection and Decision of the Mark Appeal Commission. This paper uses normative legal research methods. With the conclusion Based on the legal annotation of the Decision that there are problems that occur in granting well-known trademark rights to certain people or civil legal entities, especially if the trademark holder is not the initial initiator of its popularity. In terms of administrative certainty of the GENHALILINTAR + Painting mark, state administrative legal action in trademark disputes can be filed against the decision to delete a registered mark at the initiative of the Minister. If there has not been an administrative Judge's Decision, the first principle is that the registered mark has a stronger position compared to the popular indication of a mark

Development of the Chrono-Systemic Timeline as a Tool for Cross-Sectional Analysis of Droughts—Application in Wallonia

Drought is a complex hazard with multiple and often dramatic impacts, depending on the environmental and societal context of the affected area. In recent years, due to global warming, this phenomenon has been occurring more intensely and frequently, affecting regions worldwide, including Wallonia, the southern part of Belgium. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the interdisciplinary dynamics of drought in order to improve its anticipation and crisis management by stakeholders. To achieve these objectives, a cross-disciplinary analysis tool has been developed: the chrono-systemic timeline. Applied here to the severe drought of 2018 in Wallonia, this tool provides a comprehensive visual representation of the crisis, simultaneously offering temporal and multi-sectoral perspectives. The data incorporated into the model encompass environmental conditions, economic and social contexts, as well as political and administrative decisions made during the case study. The analysis of the chrono-systemic timeline reveals numerous interdisciplinary connections, a prolonged period of significant impacts, a gradual return to a ‘normal’ situation, and a reactive form of crisis management. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of giving due consideration to the risks associated with water deficits and advocates for the implementation of anticipatory and adaptive management strategies to enhance our ability to effectively address droughts.

Utilization of International Normalized Ratio-Derived Formula to Predict Plasma Rivaroxaban Level - Validation Study and Real-World Experience

Introduction: Specific assay of plasma rivaroxaban level are not always readily available with short turn-around-time which hampered the management of urgent clinical situations. The response of routine coagulation screening tests show huge lot-to-lot differences with the plasma rivaroxaban level. International normalized ratio (INR) is a standardized measurement taking into account of lot-to-lot variations of PT reagents. In this study, we aimed to build a predictive formula of plasma rivaroxaban levels from INR value and validated in real world clinical situations. Method: The study period was 1 st January 2018 to 31 st December 2021. Ninety-four patients who taking rivaroxaban participated in the study. Patients were randomized into testing cohort and validation cohorts. The prediction formula was built from the testing cohort and then validated in validation cohort. The predictive performance was further validated on real-world clinical requests. Results: The baseline characteristics of both cohorts were well-balance. There was significant correlation between the plasma rivaroxaban level and PT in both the testing and validation cohorts (Testing cohort: R square 0.838, p &amp;lt; 0.01; Validation cohort: R square 0.836, p &amp;lt; 0.01). The plasma rivaroxaban level showed significant correlation with APTT in both the testing and validation cohorts (Testing cohort: R square 0.744, p &amp;lt; 0.01; Validation cohort: R square 0.654, p &amp;lt; 0.01). There was also significant correlation between INR and plasma rivaroxaban levels in both the testing and validation cohorts (Testing cohort: R square 0.819, p &amp;lt;0.01; Validation cohort: R square 0.816, p &amp;lt; 0.01). Both INR and plasma rivaroxaban levels were undergone natural logarithmic transformation. We choose the quadratic model to determine the relationship between the natural log of plasma rivaroxaban level and the natural log of INR as it had highest R square value (R square 0.850, p&amp;lt;0.01). The formula is: ln (plasma rivaroxaban level) = 2.96+7.87 X ln (INR) - 5.04X (ln (INR))^2. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the predictive formula for the testing and validation cohorts were 61.81 ng/ml and 69.32 ng/ml, respectively. We received a total of 43 requests for plasma rivaroxaban assay involved 29 patients during the study period (Table 1). Three patients had multiple requests for plasma DOAC level assays during this period. The cut-off INR value was 1.3 for administration of antidote for rivaroxaban, which corresponded to a rivaroxaban level of 75 ng/ml. The sensitivity and specificity for using this INR cut-off value to determine the threshold plasma rivaroxaban level (75 ng/ml) for administration of reversal agents were 95% (95%CI: 85.4 -100%) and 87.5% (95%CI:71.3-100%) respectively in real world clinical situations (Table 2). Conclusion: Plasma rivaroxaban level can be calculated from prediction formula by INR value with satisfactory accuracy and the INR cut-off value derived from it can be used to guide the decision for administration of reversal agents with excellent sensitivity and specificity.

Tinjauan Yuridis Terkait Gugatan Nomor 284/G/Tf/2023/Ptun Jakarta Atas Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 11 Tahun 2022 Dari Perspektif Unsur Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara

The release of Minister of Trade Regulation Number 11 of 2022 then invited a lot of controversy and protests, one of which was the emergence of lawsuits from several palm oil companies including PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia is famous for producing Sania and Fortune cooking oils which are sold both in supermarkets and markets in Indonesia. The purpose of issuing this regulation is to overcome the phenomenon of scarce oil, because with it the price of oil will become expensive but in terms of quantity it will appear because the price is high due to the HET not being regulated in Minister of Trade Regulation Number 11 of 2022. This research was analyzed using data method techniques. descriptive qualitative with library research data collection techniques on secondary data which is then carried out by reducing and interpreting the data. The aim of this research is to review juridically the lawsuit regarding Minister of Trade Regulation Number 11 of 2022 from the perspective of the elements of state administration decisions. This Minister of Trade Regulation is appropriate to be brought to the Jakarta PTUN (State Administrative Court) by PT. Wilmar Nabati Indonesia as the plaintiff with the Minister of Trade Zulkifli Hasan as the defendant. The Minister of Trade Regulation is not worth challenging because the KTUN has given rise to legal consequences. This is based on Article 53 Paragraph (2) of Law Number 9 of 2004 concerning PTUN which states that the law can be traced through the absence of legal losses. Direct and real losses can be traced if the KTUN in question has a relationship with a person or civil legal entity.

ACCEPTANCE OF INNOVATIVE MARKETING SOLUTIONS ON FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES

Applications of innovative marketing theory testify that all types of innovations the influence and improve the constituents of marketing complex of the enterprise. Classic concepts of “marketing” and “innovations” indissolubly connected and co-operate with each other. There is a requirement in the acceptance of self-proved and economically reasonable innovative marketing decisions of the enterprise, that assist the increase of competitiveness, providing of innovative development, increase of economic efficiency, activity effectiveness of the enterprises. It is the vital problem for the enterprises of food industry that actively carry on innovative activity, searching and realization of administrative decisions that provide competitive edges at high-competition market of food products. Food science actively develops different directions of marketing complex, namely: commodity politics (Product) ‒ is based on producing of products of the special setting: dietary curative/prophylactic food, food for sports children, elderly people, pregnant women and others like that; pricing (Price) is taken into account monitoring of prices in trade networks, analysis of modern market conditions and prices on the analogical and new products of competitors; channels of sale (Place), elimination of unnecessary chains (mediators) due to the production of goods under the own trade on the order of large retail networks; communication politics (Promotion) includes trend-setting, WOM-technology, buzz-marketing, event-marketing, product placement, life-placement, provocative marketing, entertainment marketing, flash mob, teaser and other. Distribution on traditional and innovative approaches in the system of marketing enterprises that result to introduction of new types of marketing (lateral, virtual, partisan, client-oriented, viral, neuromarketing and others like that) is presented. Examples of application of these types of marketing are made in the well-known brands of companies that assisted to the increase of incomes, and for the ground of expediency of their introduction and development on the enterprises of food industry.

Contextualising thesis process digitalisation at a university in Ghana

This study utilised thesis process as a case to investigate how its digitalisation can improve operational and pedagogical processes. A thesis management system (Wihi), developed during thesis process digitalisation in a Finnish university, was piloted at the University of Ghana. The purpose was to see if the system supported the thesis process at the University of Ghana and if good practices were transferable. A total of 44 system users from the University of Ghana participated in the pilot to develop a more fluent and effortless thesis process for students, supervisors and coordinators. Eight of them were selected as informants for the study through interviews and a focus group. The data were coded and analysed using theory-based content analysis. The study’s findings reveal that the manual thesis process in use was laborious and dispersive, resulting in supervisors and coordinators frequently losing track of students’ work progress. The digitalisation improved the administrative and educational experiences of all the parties concerned, helping students and supervisors to maintain a transparent thesis process-based discussion and to better plan writing schedules. Additionally, coordinators were able to use data from thesis processes to support their decision-making. The results demonstrate that the good practices of thesis process digitalisation can be transferred across these two universities. Implications for practice or policy Universities should prioritise user-friendly digital tools that improve thesis work processes and provide valuable data for educational and administrative decision-making. When assessing technology acceptance in cross-cultural work settings, decision-makers can focus more on common core processes than cultural factors thanks to the increasing effects of globalisation and digitalisation. University leaders should offer appropriate training for education staff to promote smoother technology adoption, which can effectively reduce resistance to change.