Administrative Cooperation Research Articles

THE IMPORTANCE OF COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT TO INCREASE STUDENT COOPERATIVE MEMBER PARTICIPATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study aims to analyze ways that can be done in increasing the participation of student cooperative members during the covid-19 pandemic. The impact if the issue of low member participation is not immediately resolved, namely a) the business made by student cooperatives will not develop; b) business made by student cooperatives will be unable to compete with other businesses; c) members will take an exit decision, namely leaving the cooperative because of dissatisfaction with the membership benefits received. This research is a qualitative with a case study method at the Student Cooperative of Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that increasing the participation of student cooperative members during the covid-19 pandemic can be done by: 1) providing cooperative insights to student cooperative administrators regarding the concept of marketing management in cooperatives; 2) improve the quality of marketing services in student cooperatives and 3) improve marketing weaknesses in student cooperatives through cooperative marketing strategies.

A critical perspective on the administrative approach to crime prevention: The case of labour trafficking

Building on empirical data from Finnish enforcement agencies, we reflect on the challenges of the administrative approach to crime prevention. At the operational level, we identify explicit legal and implicit extra-legal limitations for using the administrative approach, that we call (1) ‘tunnel view’, (2) ‘structural siloes’, (3) ‘double role’, and (4) ‘blurred lines’. At the conceptual level, we consider the challenges of using the administrative approach in the context of labour trafficking. We argue that the initial set-up of the administrative approach that stresses the serious and organised crime paradigm limits understanding of the habitual and pervasive nature of labour trafficking . Nevertheless, administrative cooperation has the potential to contribute to full ‘labour justice’ as a governance framework that coordinates the efforts of public authorities and their multidimensional strategies to account for the entire labour exploitation spectrum.

COUNTERACTION TO FINANCIAL CRIMES IN THE SYSTEM OF FIGHT AGAINST LEGALIZATION (LAUNDERING) OF CRIMINALLY OBTAINED FUNDS

Abstract. Counteraction to financial crimes in the system of fight against legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained funds in the context of globalization and European integration is one of the priority directions of public policy in the financial sphere. Crisis phenomena of financial and economic, as well as socio-political nature, which are present in Ukraine, increase the risks of committing financial crimes and legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained funds as a result of illegal activities. The growing trends of increasing financial crime necessitate effective counteraction to destabilizing factors and the development of an effective mechanism to combat this destructive phenomenon. The article defines the essence of financial crimes and legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained funds, substantiates the relationship and interdependence of financial crime with the legalization (laundering) of criminal income. The economic and legal analysis of normative and legal support of counteraction to financial crime and legalization of economy is carried out. The research of the dynamics of the number of financial crimes committed in Ukraine, the amount of legalized (laundered) funds and property, as well as the amount of legalized (laundered) funds obtained as a result of tax evasion, is conducted. The peculiarities of assessing the risks of legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained funds, based on the use of risk-oriented approach, are analyzed, and the most significant risks of legalization (laundering) of illegal funds are identified. In order to improve and ensure effective counteraction to financial crimes in the system of fight against legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained funds, the main measures of counteraction to financial crime in Ukraine are proposed, the implementation of which requires strengthening economic, legal and administrative cooperation of economic agents. Keywords: financial crimes, financial system, legalization of funds, system of counteraction to funds laundering, predicate crimes, legal relations, law. JEL Classification H26, K42, O17 Formulas: 0; fig.: 6; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 21.

Ireland and the Marshall Plan: E.C.A.'s Manoeuvring to Promote Dollar Tourism

When the Economic Cooperation Administration (E.C.A.), the American agency in charge of the implementation of the Marshall Plan, was faced with an increasing balance of payments deficit in Ireland, it focused on the development of dollar tourism to bridge it. But at the beginning of the 1950s, tourism development had become an extremely sensitive topic in Irish political and government circles as well as in public opinion. Thus, from the start, the ECA's efforts were bound to meet some opposition even though the American agency had the active support of the Minister of External Affairs of the First Inter-Party Government (1948–1951). Based on unpublished American archive documents, this paper reveals the backdoor tactics used by the E.C.A. mission in Ireland to circumvent the resistance of part of the Irish government. The E.C.A.'s ruses did not succeed. However, by facilitating the exposure of some forward-looking hoteliers to the ‘American way’, familiarisation trips to the U.S. organised under the aegis of the Marshall Plan helped set a dynamic in motion. This exposure was instrumental in the development of several innovations in Irish tourism and the economic sector which attracted the attention of powerful Irish-American businessmen. The latter were subsequently to collaborate closely with the Irish government to attract strategic American investments to the country from the 1960s onwards.

An Early Experience of Microvascular Surgery in a Tertiary Cancer Centre in North East

BACKGROUNDMicrovascular surgery is a highly technique sensitive and evolving speciality in reconstructive oncosurgery. There is a definite learning curve associated with it. In this case series, we describe our initial experience in microvascular surgery at a tertiary cancer centre in North East India. METHODSIt is a retrospective observational case series done at a tertiary cancer centre in North East India from May 2018 to Jul 2018. The first ten cases of our free flap journey till now were included in the study. Data were collected from patient records and the hospital online reporting system. All data were analysed using SPSS.RESULTSIn our series, 8 patients were male and 2 patients were female. The mean age in the series was 37 years. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 4 the patients, osteosarcoma for 2 of patients and adenoid cystic carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and low-grade soft tissue sarcoma 1 case each. Out of the ten free tissue transfers, one free ALT flap for total maxillary defect failed during the 4th postoperative day and the patient was managed with a prosthesis. The average hospital stay during the case series was 10.6 days.CONCLUSIONMicrovascular surgeries are very complex surgeries. The presence of a good, well-trained plastic surgery team working in conjunction with other specialities is paramount for a good outcome. A dedicated team, cooperative administration, fine and good infrastructure with high-quality equipment are the basic necessities for creating a good microsurgery unit.

Implementation of social capital for multipurpose cooperative autonomy

Only a few cooperatives succeed in utilizing social capital, one of them is the Setia Budi Wanita (SBW) Multipurpose Cooperative, East Java. This study aims to elaborate on social capital utilization that develops the autonomy of a multipurpose cooperative. The research method used was qualitative with a phenomenology approach in SBW Multipurpose Cooperative and data were collected through interviews, focused group discussions, and document review. This study has nine informants, including one East Java cooperative figure, four cooperative administrators, two existing members, and two new members. Various data were traced, among others: profiles of SBW figures, various women empowerment programs, the joint responsibility group system, and collaborative partnership between SBW Multipurpose Cooperative and the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs of East Java Province. The results show that SBW Multipurpose Cooperative has various social capital, among others: the characters of Mursia Zaafril Ilyas and Sri Untari Bisowarno, the bond of the seventeen doctors’ wives, a community of 360 members, and fourteen administrators of SBW; values and trust in the network of women’s cooperatives. This study concludes that social capital elements enable SBW Multipurpose Cooperative to be an autonomous cooperative. SBW Multipurpose Cooperative can utilize the collaboration of individual, community, and network social capital.

POLISH MODEL OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE

In the article, the author examines the Polish model of administrative procedure, its nature, structure, taking as a basis the work of Javier Barnes in which the scientist identifies three generations of administrative procedure with the elements: (1) procedure for adjudication, (2) rule-making procedure, (3) collaborative – making public policy and implementing procedure.) The model of administrative procedure in Poland is normative as it is enshrined in the Code of Administrative Procedure. After analyzing its provisions, the author came to the conclusion that the Polish model of administrative procedure has a pronounced jurisdictional character, which is indicated by the principles of administrative proceedings, the structure of administrative proceedings. The jurisdictional model of administrative procedure in Poland remains dominant; it is characterized by a clear polarization of roles, with a "powerful sovereign" on the one hand and a subordinate citizen on the other. However, the Code reflects the provisions that indicate the partial appearance in the classical model of the administrative procedure of the elements of the third generation, which is associated with convergence and globalization. Poland's membership in the European Union prompted the legislator to introduce new, additional provisions in the Code of Administrative Procedure, concerning, for example, Administrative European Cooperation Section 8a, the principle of the peaceful settlement of Art. 13, the use of mediation in administrative proceedings Art. 96a. The presence of these elements is aimed at overcoming this division, creating a relationship between the parties, according to the principle of horizontal communication. The nature of the jurisdictional model of the administrative procedure is changing towards the regulation of a wide range of activities of bodies in the public sphere. Establishing a permanent system of communication between bodies, and between bodies and citizens "becomes the goal of the administrative procedure. Such changes are in line with the requirements of European Union legislation and the principles enshrined in the Code of Administrative Procedure.

The rise of China and contestation in global tax governance

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between China’s changing economy and its global business tax diplomacy. Three trends dominate: China is becoming a net capital exporter, emerging as a major consumer market, and is home to digital giant firms including Baidu, Tencent and Alibaba. The resulting drive to promote both ‘going out’ and ‘bringing in’ foreign direct investment has led China to engage selectively and strategically with Western-led institutions. We show how China variously challenges, defends, and develops alternatives to global tax standards in three cases: global efforts to tackle corporate tax avoidance, bilateral tax treaty negotiations, and administrative tax cooperation.

The Role of Context in Interpreting International Tax Instruments: A Solution to the Erosion of Internal Cohesion of Domestic Tax Systems by International Law? The EU Directive on Administrative Cooperation Version 6 (DAC6) – A Case Study

This article considers a method of interpreting multi-jurisdictional provisions that permits the continued integrity of domestic legislative systems, particularly tax systems with diverse tax bases. To illustrate this, the article discusses the meanings of “exemption” and “preferential regime” as used in the EU Directive on Administrative Cooperation Version 6 (DAC6).

Współpraca samorządu terytorialnego z organami administracji rządowej w zakresie realizacji inwestycji drogowych

With Poland's accession to the European Union in 2004, the visible institutional and legal differences between our country and Western Europe began to blur. The establishment of the European Administrative Space, as a general model of public administration aiming at similar or common administrative solutions, influenced the development of public administration and its organisational structures. In Poland, as in most European countries, the system of local government is based on the principle of dualism, i.e.: some local tasks are performed directly by the government administration subordinated to the relevant ministers, while the remaining tasks are performed by the local government representing the interests of a particular local community. The aim of the article is to discuss the issue of mutual cooperation between the government administration with representatives of local governments on the example of realization of investments. The aim of the article is to discuss the issue of mutual cooperation of the government administration with the representatives of local self-governments, on the example of implementation of investments of international and national importance, such as key linear road investments planned to be carried out, which run through the territory of Poland and to present the conflicts of interests of the local society with the global benefits of the state, which are often fundamentally different and not always properly understood. The intensive development of road transport infrastructure currently taking place in Poland, with the participation of EU policy, has a significant impact on the economic development of micro-regions managed by local self-governments.

Інструменти реалізації Плану Маршалла й особливості та наслідки впливу американської політики на Європу

The article discloses the range of instruments used by the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) during the implementation of the Marshall Plan: invitations to action, consultations, cooperation of specialists, joint responsibility, analysis of national accounts, a range of analytical approaches, persuasion, control over the assistance provided, the right to vote on the use of funds from auxiliary partner funds, project procedure, technical assistance. Some of them were much more efficient and effective than others, for example, consultations, cooperation of specialists, technical assistance. The program of restoration of Europe was a common cause of the USA and Europe, during its development conditions were not imposed that contradicted the interests of Europeans and did not subordinate the economies of European countries to the economy of the United States of America. The goals of the Marshall Plan were ethically sound, which was very important for establishing trust in the United States and acting to achieve mutually beneficial goals. The course was set on democratic world leadership, not imperialism. The article discusses the impact of the United States on the European economy during the implementation of the Marshall Plan, as well as aspects of the influence and engagement of the United States of America. The peculiarities and consequences of the influence of American policy on Europe are analyzed, in particular: large-scale goals of the Marshall Plan, clear administration, mutual understanding and respect, political and economic reliability, coherence between principles and actions, and others. It is recommended to use the following instruments for the recovery program of Ukraine: consultations, cooperation of specialists, joint responsibility, control over the assistance provided along with the right to vote on the directions of its use, project procedure, technical assistance. It is noted that this list is not exhaustive, therefore, during the implementation of the «Marshall Plan for Ukraine», new instruments for implementing the assistance program, both universal and specific, can be created that can be applied only in the context of the Ukrainian situation.

Analysis of the Contents of a Metropolitan and Provincial Offices of Education Ordinances to Support the Maul Education Community

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether ordinances enacted by metropolitan and provincial offices of education nationwide to support the Maul education community contain necessary contents to function according to the purpose of legislation and to reveal characteristics and improvement tasks. As a result of analyzing 15 ordinances, it was found that cooperation, win-win, and community value orientation between schools and communities are well revealed as general discussions, but the content needs to be strengthened in detail. It was confirmed that the roles or methods of participation of villagers and community education activists were not presented, and that administrative cooperation between the Office of Education and local governments should be presented in more detail. It was also confirmed that there was a lack of regulations for the establishment and operation of a continuous and stable maul education community support organization, and responsibility for financial support or financing methods should be specified. In addition, it was found that most of the ordinances require improvement in similar areas. Research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of future ordinances.

Swobodny przepływ dokumentów w Unii Europejskiej: znaczenie i oddziaływanie rozporządzenia 2016/1191

The article is dedicated to the (still relatively unknown) EU Regulation 2016/1191. The Regulation disposes of some of the formalities with respect to circulation of the public documents within EU. In particular, no legalization in any form, including the apostille under the Hague Convention, will be needed with respect to documents covered by the Regulation. Unliked originally planned by the Commission, the Regulation does not, unfortunately, completes a more challenging goal of mandating recognition of the civil status throughout the Union. This issue still remains subject to national conflict-of-law rules. Moreover, the scope of Regulation is relatively narrow. It does not, again regrettably, apply to many public documents which are crucial in cross-border transactions (excerpts from commercial registers, powers of attorney for sale of immovable property).
 The author analyses to what extent Regulation 2016/1191 offers progress in circulation of documents. This question is first raised in light of the long standing application of the Hague Apostille Convention. The author then attempts to discern the effective role of the Regulation given the fact that under Article 1138 of the Polish Code of Civil Procedure, no legalization in any form is in principle required for the foreign public documents to be treated as authentic and official proof in Poland (although the practice often is to ask for the apostille even if not required by law). Still, the Regulation 2016/1138 might come of assistance for the parties in some respects. First, it will facilitate acceptance of Polish public documents in those Member States, which have so far required apostille. Second, the Regulation may help to overcome an incorrect practice in Poland of requiring apostille by the officials, where Article 1138 actually dispenses of such formality. Third, the Regulation introduces an administrative cooperation based on the IMI system which allows to verify doubts as to the authenticity of the public document from another Member States. This last feature of the Regulation, it is argued, may prove of its true value to the freedom of circulation of public documents within the EU.

The European Recovery Program in Austria and Its Impact on the Pulp and Paper Industry’s Interaction with Water Resources along the River Mur

Abstract Using the case study of Brigl & Bergmeister, a pulp and paper–producing company located in the southern part of Austria, this article explores the impact of the European Recovery Program (ERP) on the pulp and paper industries’ interaction with water resources. The invention of technology to use wood for pulp and paper production in the nineteenth century created a strong interaction between material arrangements and the practices of pulp and paper production. The ERP could build on an existing network of production sites and changed their interaction with their environment in several ways. This is shown by using the concept of the socio-natural site. Concerning organizational structures that were created by the ERP and the impact of decisions that were made at the time, the article takes several things into account: The goals of the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) that coordinated the financing of the investment projects and how these translated into changes in the interaction of practices and material arrangements, knowledge exchange that was facilitated by the ERP, and awareness of pollution and possibilities for measuring pollution at the time. The export-oriented economic goals of the ERP, together with a favorable natural resource situation, prioritized pulp and paper production, and therefore strengthened a resource-intensive industry. While some aspects of water use in pulp production became more efficient, the investments also created path dependencies that fixed existing polluting practices for the following decades.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS SDM SERTA PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK DAN PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PADA KOPERASI PRODUKSI DI PROVINSI BANTEN

This community service seeks to improve the human resources (HR) of SMEs in Banten. The method will be qualitative descriptive. The researcher or informant will be the management or manager of five production cooperatives in Banten Province. An interactive model was utilized to analyze the data. This analysis paradigm has three components: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drafting. 1. This study found that conventional or manual administration of employees, unsophisticated financial management, and short-term marketing are still common in production cooperatives. Cooperative administrators or managers provide the sole training because they are MSME actors who have their own expertise. 2. To improve the goods of production cooperatives, comprehensive product development planning is required. Product development can help cooperatives survive by attracting new customers and increasing earnings. 3. Technology should be a major factor in cooperative product development, but Banten cooperatives have not effectively harnessed it. This cooperative has a lot of promise. The management of production cooperatives must be willing to focus more on product development and use technology that can speed up product creation for broad public demands. Local raw materials are a particular benefit for production cooperatives. However, the required working capital is low, allowing those with an entrepreneurial drive to start up business units with low technological sophistication

The Belt and Road Initiative Tax Administration Cooperation Mechanism (BRITACOM): Where Is It Heading?

This article describes the policy objective, legal basis, structure and action plan of the Belt and Road Initiative Tax Administration Cooperation Mechanism (BRITACOM) and reviews its performance in 2019 to 2021. The author argues that concluding multilateral conventions should be included on the agenda of the BRITACOM for its development in the future.

Spatial Data Infrastructure in Natural Disaster Management

Natural disasters that cause tremendous material harm and threaten human lives, infrastructure, and economic and social activities become more frequent. While most material and human casualties are the effects of sudden and brief natural disasters, it is not possible to disregard long-term disasters, most frequently triggered by climate change. Damage from long-term disasters is quite significant and hampers the sustainability of the economy and life in densely populated cities. Following climate change, it is concluded that special attention should be paid to coastal cities, cities along rivers and the potential risks of possible disasters should be reduced before they materialize. The reduction of disaster risk is an endeavor involving various professional fields, viewpoints, and stakeholders. An integrated approach that brings together all the necessary elements is therefore required. The planning for protection against natural disasters and in the very moments when it occurs, it is necessary to quickly obtain reliable data to coordinate activities in the field well. However, there are problems in the field with the availability, access, and spatial data use. In this sense, the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) can provide an appropriate framework for sharing spatial data through the cooperation of administration, public, and private institutions and citizens.

Facilitating consolidation and development of village unit cooperative business plan in Central Java

The purpose of this activity was to increase the capacity of village cooperative administrators in Central Java in formulating business plans that are able to increase cooperative businesses based on the economic potential in rural areas. The activity method was carried out through capacity building training with competency-based training learning techniques. The activities have resulted that participant gained knowledge, understanding, and skills to develop a business plan so that it can be used to develop a cooperative business.

COMPETENCE OF COOPERATIVE ADMINISTRATORS

Competence is an essential part of completing the organization's tasks that need to be achieved by individuals in the organization. This study aims to determine the description of the competence of cooperative management. The researcher used a survey approach to find out the description of the competence of the cooperative management. Respondents in this study were 318 members of cooperatives in the organizational environment in the city of Bandung. The study results illustrate that the competence of the management is in the reasonably good category. However, there are still weak aspects that illustrate that the competencies of members and leaders do not fully have the expected competencies, such as behavior that reflects competence in the field of cooperatives, which is still very rarely found in members and also cooperative management apart from the way members think, and also leaders in determining actions for cooperatives felt to be still not fully optimized. Therefore, researchers recommend that efforts improve cooperative behavior within the leadership by appointing cooperative administrators who have the characteristics needed to lead cooperatives. Their outpouring of hearts, thoughts, and behavior can describe a strong character.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES, THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT IN BANYUMAS, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of leadership, courage to take risks, innovation, voluntary and open membership, democratic member control, member economic participation, autonomy and freedom, education; training; information and cooperation among cooperatives on performance. Management of Cooperatives in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. The method used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis with analysis techniques F test, R2 test, and t test. Based on the results of testing and discussion, the results of innovation, democratic control by members, autonomy and freedom, education; training; information and cooperation among cooperatives affect the performance of cooperative administrators in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. Meanwhile, Leadership, Courage to Take Risks, Voluntary and Open Membership, and Member Economic Participation do not affect the Performance of Cooperative Managers in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. Keywords: Leadership, Courage to Take Risks, Innovation, Voluntary Membership and Openness, Control by Members in a democratic manner, Member Economic Participation, Autonomy and Freedom, Education; Training; Information, and Cooperation among Cooperatives