Administrative Capabilities Research Articles

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN DI KANTOR WILAYAH KEMENTERIAN AGAMA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH

The performance of government organizations cannot be separated from the performance of civil servants as individuals in it. This condition shows that the competence of civil servants in Indonesia is a problem that needs serious attention. One of the efforts that can be taken in overcoming the problem of civil servant competence is through education and training (Diklat). Qualitative research with this phenomenological method will use performance management and effort theory. The approach used is phenomenology. Data collection techniques using semi-structured interviews, observations and documentation. The effort to send Administrator Leadership Training (PKA) which aims to develop participant competencies in order to meet managerial competency standards for administrator positions and propose supervisory leadership training (PKP) participants aims to develop participant competencies in order to meet supervisory managerial competency standards. In addition, it is also sought to send technical training participants to complement the technical capabilities of some employees in charge of certain technicalities and send administrative training participants to complement the administrative capabilities of several employees with a priority scale by considering budgets and other considerations. The inhibiting factors found in efforts to improve the performance of civil servants through education and training at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Central Kalimantan Province are the lack of available budgets to send training participants as needed, as well as the age factor and mastery of technology by the training participants sent so that the training results are not as expected.

Recent Development on Information System Capabilities and Sustainable Competitive Advantages: A Research Model, Review and Directions for Future Research

In today's competitive environment, maintaining a competitive advantage to achieve high performance is a significant challenge for businesses. To succeed, organizations must not only develop competencies in their focus areas but also be able to adapt, change, and realign those competencies in a dynamic and competitive corporate environment. As a result, information system (IS) capabilities are growing in significance as a strategic element that supports the development of competitive advantages and organizational survival. By examining the gap from the prior research, this study intends to answer questions about the link between information system (IS) related capabilities and the sustainable competitive advantages of an organization. The dimensions of information system capabilities (Personnel capability, Administrative capability, Infrastructure capability, and Information management capability) are factors that could explain a firm's sustainable competitive advantage and the theory of dynamic capability is used as the guiding theory, as guidance, and to support the conceptual framework. This will clarify how firms may use their resources and capabilities to boost the effectiveness and utilization of information systems (IS) in daily operations, processes, and people's performance.

Investigating Supply and Demand in European Cohesion Policy: Micro-Foundations of Macro-Behaviours

European Cohesion Policy is a complex scheme that allocates financial resources to European regions. The implementation of the policy is based on an articulated multi-level governance that involves local and national authorities and the European Commission. Local authorities often face difficulties in using structural funds due to limits in their administrative capacity (supply) and/or inefficiencies in adequately stimulating applications’ submission (demand). By modelling and simulating the implementation of the policy, we explore how operations and decisions at the local authorities’ and potential applicants’ level (micro-foundations) explain emerging patterns of funds’ absorption at a regional level (macro-behaviours). Building upon a mixed-methods approach combining field research and computer simulation, we develop a model capturing the key cause–effect relationships among agents and resources within the Cohesion Policy supply-and-demand system. The outcomes elucidate how poor local administrative capabilities, including staff skills, may entail delays and low absorption performances, while showcasing the factors affecting potential applicants’ decision to submit.

Online incorporation platforms in Estonia and beyond: How administrative spillover effects hamper international taxation

Online platforms that allow non-residents to register firms have emerged to boost economic development goals in jurisdictions ranging from Wyoming (United States) to Estonia. They create novel governance challenges that fall between governance frameworks. The global tax governance agenda needs to address the role of such platforms, which often involve conflicts between economic policy aspirations and other goals. Our Estonian case study demonstrates the inability of authorities to perform background checks of numerous non-resident entrepreneurs, as national administrative capacities get strained. Building on the nascent tax spillover approach, we analyse administrative spillover effects caused by online incorporation platforms in international taxation. Mapping de facto administrative capacities requires analysing conflicts between governmental priorities and the obstacles of sharing information between administrative and criminal procedures. When the non-resident community grows compared with the size of the domestic economy, supervisory systems tailored for domestic entrepreneurs become strained. We show that resolving this policy conflict assumes targeted investments into administrative capabilities from skilled personnel to data exchange and interorganizational coordination.

Exploring digital transformation of teacher education in the Western Balkans: Case of Kosovo

BACKGROUND: The whole educational system from pre-university to university level has been challenged with the immediate pressure to transform during the lockdown period of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The question of how to ensure digital transformation in universities become topical at policy, institutional, and classroom practice dimensions. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to examine and explore how digital transformation in higher education in Kosovo is conceptualised in a changing context. The study focuses on teacher education as a pathway that links pre-university education with higher education system to ensure future teacher preparation. METHODS: The study used a qualitative research design. The data were collected through interviews with management staff (n = 3) and teacher educators (n = 7), and group interviews with student teachers (n = 15), at the University in Kosovo and teacher education institution. Following the principles of the hermeneutical circle, conceptualisations of digital transformation in teacher education were clustered into the following dimensions: (i) policy, (ii) organisation culture and management, and (iii) teaching and learning. RESULTS: The paper analyses the Western Balkans, specifically Kosovo, as the country faced the transition challenges including institutional building, limited administrative capabilities, and other challenges regarding educational process and digitalization. The paper contributes to the discussions with the emerging conceptualisations of digital transformation in teacher education by drawing from thematic areas concerning policy response mechanisms, teacher education policy as isolated from higher education framework, change management process, missing organisational culture, rigidity and resistance in teaching. CONCLUSIONS: The paper concludes that teacher education context should be reconceptualised within the higher education framework to better manage a transition and change settings for a shared conceptualisation and sustainable digital transformation.

Working together: A study of civil society partnerships between WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) and GESI (gender equality and social inclusion) organisations in Timor-Leste

This article reports on an empirical study conducted in Timor-Leste that explored the drivers, benefits, and challenges of partnerships and collaborations between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) organisations as integral parts of the WASH system. The research design was primarily qualitative and included a data-collection workshop with 30 representatives from 16 civil society organisations (CSOs) in Dili, longitudinal research involving two rounds of semi-structured interviews over 2.5 years with five organisations, and semi-structured interviews with an additional 18 CSOs. We applied a framework of post-development theory, including critical localism and working contingently. Key drivers to form partnerships were found to be the identification of community WASH service gaps and the alignment of advocacy agendas. Key benefits reported were increased inclusion and empowerment outcomes and strengthened organisational knowledge and capacity. Challenges emerge when organisations' key staff change, strategies misalign, and financial and administrative capabilities differ. The study contributes practical insights into how civil society organisations (CSOs) partner to strengthen mutual WASH and GESI strategies and programmes and their outcomes. We recommend strengthening the partnerships between WASH and GESI organisations in ways that are cognisant of power dynamics, local priorities, and capacity needs and promote longevity and continuity through ownership of decisions at the local level. Our findings suggest that meaningful, reciprocal, and respectful engagement with WASH and GESI organisations enables WASH programmes to be in a better position to address the harmful norms that drive inequitable behaviours, thus strengthening localism, and the WASH governance system overall.

Zinc as an inhibitor of NMDA receptor can exhibit antidepressant effect

Background : New antidepressant strategies are needed, due to unsatisfactory clinical efficacy and many side effects of commonly used drugs. Recent studies linking the pathophysiology of depression with glutamatergic imbalance. There is hyperactivity of the main excitatory system (glutamatergic) to its inhibition (GABAergic). N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as a part of glutamatergic synapses are potential targets for intervention. Antagonist administration for glutamatergic systems, such as zinc, can exhibit antidepressant effects.
 Objective : To observe the effect of zinc administration on NMDA receptors in depressed subjects
 Methods : In this paper, we provide a literature review. The method to achieve the objective consists of using literature exploration, which was conducted from February to June 2022 by searching the relevant studies from several databases.
 Results : Study trials both in human and animal subjects reveal that depression is associated with a lower concentration of zinc. Comparison between the lowest zinc intake with the highest zinc intake had significantly lower incidence of developing depression. Dietary zinc deficiency induces depression along with upregulation of the NMDA receptor complexes. Zinc’s antidepressant effects might be mediated through its action reducing NMDA channel-opening frequency.
 Conclusions : The presence of zinc may downregulate the glutamate response in binding to NMDA receptors. Because of numerous studies about the connection between zinc and depression, it seems that zinc may have the potency to develop new antidepressants. Since the capability of zinc administration to reduce depressive symptoms, it is expected leading to increased medication adherence, lower costs and better outcomes.

Subnational administrative capabilities shape sustainable development in Africa

Rapid population and economic growth in Africa are raising concerns over the sustainability of its economic development. Current research has assessed the sustainability of African development at the national level but has neglected subnational sustainability disparities driven by evidence of inequalities in investment rates and resource exploitation within various countries. Thus, this study uses the inclusive wealth (IW) accounting framework to assess the sustainability performance of 716 subnational African provinces. This framework consists of valuing the components of IW per capita (IWpc), namely, natural, manufactured, and human capital, between 2012 and 2018. Estimates reveal that provincial IWpc in this period grew by 1% per year on average. This growth is embodied by investment in human and produced capital, which offsets natural capital depletion. Although half of the provinces studied experience synergies between income and wealth growth, there are tradeoffs between these variables, indicating challenges in joining short- and long-term development. These tradeoffs are caused by inabilities to associate income and natural capital growth. Furthermore, although spatial inequalities in wealth levels, variations, and compositions are strongly defined by national boundaries, they are partially defined by the locations of capital cities within countries. Overall, the results show the potential for planning subnational need-based interventions to create sustainable development, the benefits of which extend nationally.

Research on the Digital Capability of China's Tax Administration under the Cross-Border Digital Economy

Research on the Digital Capability of China's Tax Administration under the Cross-Border Digital Economy

재난관리 성과로서 주민참여 의의와 정책적 대안모색의 탐색적 연구

This study aims to explore policy alternatives that consider various stakeholders and participants for disaster management from the perspective that disasters are socially embedded. In other words, the performance of disaster management can be defined by the voluntary participation of local residents, which is the process and result of disaster management, along with the existing discussions that have been understood as administrative management capabilities and output indicators. This is because voluntary and active participation of residents in disasters lead to the recovery and growth of the community. In this research, the influencing factors that make residents participate in disaster management were examined and different results from the existing administrative capabilities were derived. It was found that the direct damage experience of disasters, the perception of personal or regional risks to disasters, regional conflicts due to disasters, the rapidity of disaster information, and the political independence of disaster organizations were important to promote the voluntary and active participation in disaster management.

Impact Analysis of Marine Affairs Decentralization Policy on Fishermen's Socio-Economic Conditions in Alor Regency

This study explains the impact of the demolition design on Alor fishermen's socio-economic conditions. This research was done in Alor, East Nusa Tenggara. This study focuses on the transition in managing government affairs in the budget sector from the District Government to the Provincial Government. The author uses Wolman's opinion in Faquet regarding repeal in the distribution of government affairs as an analytical tool. This theory classifies government affairs into two aspects: efficiency and governance management. This study is a qualitative study involving interviews, documentation, and observation. Miles and Huberman's data analysis approaches were employed to validate study outcomes. Based on economies of scale, the study reveals that the demolition design has no impact on the socio-economic conditions of Alor fishermen. Based on externalities (both positive and negative), the study shows that more negative impacts arise from the arrival of people outside the district (migrant fishermen) in terms of fishing because they dominate more in terms of supervision. In contrast, immigrant fishermen are less controlled and supervised strictly. Other dominance covers the market and areas in Alor Regency. The analysis shows that the provincial government has above-average economic (potential) and administrative capabilities for management quality. Human resources, infrastructure, and budget are still issues. The analysis shows that the provincial government has above-average economic (potential) and administrative capabilities for management quality. Human resources, infrastructure, and budget are still issues. Fortunately, the provincial government is still helped by the partnership system

Transforming the master of public administration education for a changing world of work: A personal account of a South African case

Public administration managers are confronted with new and highly complex challenges emerging at a rapid rate. This situation requires a reimagining of public administration education to prepare public administration managers to capably deal with these challenges. While the Master of Public Administration (MPA) is globally used as vehicle for preparing public administration managers for performing their functions, the question posed is: How can MPA programmes be transformed to prepare students for dealing with emerging complex challenges in the changing world of work? This article provides a personal exploratory account of the transformation of teaching and learning of a South African MPA case. The research design was not selected for generalising findings to the universe of MPA offerings, but for obtaining case-specific information and insights. The study draws from insider’s memory work supported by a variety of textual data such as notes, reports, official documents, curriculum documentation and the content of the 2020 online module sites. The article proposes a transformed curriculum to provide for the learning of public administration capabilities appropriate for dealing with emerging challenges. It subsequently reports on the curriculum transformation project of the selected case by reflecting on some philosophical assumptions and assumptions on how people learn and explaining the use of the inquiry-driven learning strategy to facilitate the learning of appropriate capabilities for dealing with public administration challenges. This article contributes to the existing literature on the role of the MPA in the mid-career education of public administration managers by suggesting the learning of public administration capabilities through an inquiry-driven learning strategy.

Social Protection Policy and its Response in Nepal

Social protection aims to support the weak and underprivileged. It refers to a set of policies to help marginalized people maintain an adequate standard of living throughout their lives. There are many social protection programs in Nepal targeting vulnerable groups such as senior citizens, the disabled, women, the marginalized, and Dalits. There are numerous social protection programs in Nepal, including insurance, subsidies, and public works initiatives in addition to cash, in-kind, and food offerings. This paper reviews existing literature on such social security debates by systematically describing the key elements of coverage, benefits, and sustainability through the desk study method. It is a critical evaluation of the available research on Nepal's social protection schemes. This paper then concludes that, despite minimal governmental capacity, there are enough programs under operation. However, for optimum output, the Government of Nepal must also take into account the enhancement of its current policies, administrative capabilities, and long-term sustainability.

Setting Up a Prehabilitation Unit: Successes and Challenges.

The goal of this article is to provide a pragmatic approach to implementing a prehabilitation pathway and service guide. The article presents data from peer-reviewed scientific articles (ie, reviews and original studies) and narrative reviews, as well as professional insights and experiences of the author in setting up a prehabilitation clinic. Successful setup of a prehabilitation unit is highly feasible and rewarding, if led by enthusiastic idealists who work in cooperation with a passionate multidisciplinary team (MDT) with clear vision to collectively improve patient outcomes and experiences. It requires a well-integrated MDT to deliver a successful prehabilitation service. Nurses are the supporting pillar in many areas of the health care system. The field of prehabilitation is no exception to this with the mainstay contribution nursing provides. A combination of patient care, medical knowledge, and administrative capabilities are required to modify the perioperative pathway and introduce the concept of prehabilitation. Nursing staff are ideally positioned to be strong advocates to developing and delivering an effective MDT prehabilitation clinical pathway.

Should We Provide More Economic Aid to Recipient Countries in Crisis?: Focusing on the Effectiveness of Financial Aid

This study analyzed the impact of bilateral aid among official development aid on recipient countries. The significance is that the effect of aid was investigated in a complex manner by dividing the perspective of economic growth measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita and quality of life measured by the Human Development Index(HDI). In addition, limited empirical analysis by continent or country in previous studies was expanded to cover all recipient countries. Official Development Assistance (ODA) data from 2005 to 2019 were collected. A data sample of bilateral aid from 60 countries was constructed from the official development aid data from 88 recipient countries. According to the Fixed-Effect (FE) and Random-Effect (RE) model estimation coefficient, the donor’s continued support was a statistically significant variable. This study concluded that the donor country’s continuous aid is important, but the recipient country’s political and administrative capabilities are also important factors in improving people’s economic quality of life.

Analyzing inclusive green growth in China: a perspective of relative efficiency.

Inclusive Green Growth (IGG) has important reference value for China's ecological civilization construction and transformation of economic development. Therefore, this study assesses China's IGG level from the perspective of relative efficiency. The IGG efficiency (IGGE) was measured at the provincial level in China from 2000 to 2020 by using Super-Epsilon-Based Measure (EBM) model that considers undesirable outputs. The spatiotemporal pattern of IGGE was analyzed by kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate a fluctuating trend from 2000 to 2020 for the IGGE of China, and significant differences between regional and interprovincial IGGE were observed. On average, the eastern region presented the highest efficiency, while the level in the central regions was lowest. There is a positive spatial autocorrelation in the IGGE distribution, and the agglomeration of spatial distribution fluctuated during the study period. The IGGE has spatial spillover effects at the provincial level according to the spatial Durbin model. Among the influencing factors, the spatial spillover effects of industrial structure, government administrative capability, and industrialization level are significant. The regression results also confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve effect between IGG and economic growth in China. Finally, some implicit policies can be established based on the empirical analysis.

PENDAMPINGAN PEMERINTAH GAMPONG DALAM PENGELOLAAN ALOKASI DANA GAMPONG (ADG) DI GAMPONG ASAN KECAMATAN LHOKSUKON KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA

This community service aims to determine the ability of the Gampong government in Gampong Asan in managing the Village Fund Allocation (ADG). To see the ability of the Gampong government in the management of ADG, the authors refer to management starting from the planning, implementation, reporting and accountability stages. The method used to realize this community service program is material presentation, mentoring, evaluation. The results of community service show that the actual ability of the Gampong Asan government in terms of administrative capabilities has not improved from year to year, but in terms of determining the work program in the use of ADG it is also still minimal. This problem is influenced by several factors, namely; (1) The people of Gampong Asan do not actively participate in all Gampong government affairs, and (2) Supervision by the supervisory team has not been maximized.

Effect of organizational immunity in enhancing the strategic capabilities of the company: an applied study on the Iraqi general insurance company

This research diagnoses the impact of the organizational immunity dimensions represented by the organizational (memory, genes, and learning) on enhancing the strategic capabilities dimensions of the company represented by (marketing capabilities, administrative capabilities, technological capabilities, creative capabilities). The study also tries to list those dimensions in the order of priority. The researchers adopted the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data from 55 officials at the administrative levels (higher, middle, and lower levels). SPSS, (28Version) was used to calculate (weighted mean scores, standard deviation, relative importance, coefficient of variation, simple and multiple regression, F-test, corrected interpretation coefficient AR²). The most prominent findings of the research are: The organizational immunity, with its combined dimensions, affects the strategic capabilities of the company in a significant way. However, there are no statistically significant differences in the participants' response to the research variables attributed to the personal and functional variables represented by (gender, age, educational qualification, administrative level and the years of service).

Promoting Guest Satisfaction: Digital Platforms as a Means to Encourage Economic Development in Hospitality

ABSTRACT Digital platforms can provide mechanisms to reduce barriers to entry for individuals in Internet-enabled commerce. These platforms provide a broad range of technical and administrative capabilities to support marketing and transaction processing; however, users may fail to take full advantage of these capabilities. This study examines how property hosts apply the affordances of a hospitality digital platform within developing economies. We consider skill by which a host uses the online platform as a resource, and evaluate the extent to which a host’s use of the platform corresponds with guest review scores. Our findings demonstrate that, after accounting for location and property characteristics, hosts who skillfully utilize hedonic marketing affordances achieve higher guest review scores than those who do not.

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times: a tale of two cities-Beijing and Shanghai-why the divergent COVID-19 control outcomes?

COVID-19 both creates and complicates public health challenges. Yet the pandemic also provides a unique lens for dissecting complex issues in global health that could benefit society in the long run. In this paper, we discuss the underlying reasons that can help explain the divergent COVID-19 control outcomes between Beijing and Shanghai—two advanced metropolitans that are similar in their municipal capacity, administrative capability and pandemic strategy. We hope insights of this investigation contribute to the development of disease prevention systems, such as context-specific and data-driven public health strategies that could yield optimal pandemic control outcomes with minimal unintended consequences, both amid and beyond COVID-19.