Administrative Aspects Research Articles

Contribution and involvement of Hazbans in islamic civilization(648_923H/1250_1517AD), Bahri and Charkas mamluks era as an illustration

Al-Hazbany played a significant role in building and managing authority during the Middle Ages, establishing a Kurdish emirate within the Islamic state. Their influence extended beyond their homeland, as they journeyed thousands of kilometers towards Egypt and the Levant, actively participating in state affairs. Notably, the tribe made substantial contributions to scientific development, particularly during the eras of the Bahri Mamluks and Circassian kingdoms. The research comprises an introduction and two sections. The introduction sheds light on the origins of the Al-Hazbany tribe, their geographical presence, and their early political engagements, Especially in the Kurdistan regions, because they started their first political and military uprising in Kurdistan. The first section explores the multifaceted role of the tribe in the Bahri Mamluks kingdoms, covering administrative, scientific, religious, and literary aspects, Because with the disappearance of Ayyubid rule, the Hazbanis continued to provide scientific and administrative services. In the second section, the focus shifts to the Circassian kingdoms, providing insights into the administrative and scientific roles of the Hazbanys and their significant contributions to reconstruction. We note that during this period the Kurdish Hazbanis paid attention to the aspect of prayer، for example, the construction of mosques, scientific sites and even places known by their names, but it is not known why they were used.

Integrated Management of Hazardous Solid Waste in Dental Offices of Talara (Peru) and Machala (Ecuador): A Policy Brief Comparing Two Latin American Countries

Background The improper management of hazardous solid waste in dental care offices poses significant risks to public health and the environment. Dental offices generate hazardous waste, including biological and chemical contaminants, which can lead to infections, pollution, and harm if not managed properly. Effective waste management practices are crucial, yet compliance varies significantly across regions, especially in Latin America, due to limited resources, inadequate training, and insufficient infrastructure. This study compares hazardous waste management practices in dental offices in Talara, Peru, and Machala, Ecuador, to provide actionable recommendations for improvement. Policy and Implications In Peru, hazardous waste management involves critical steps such as conditioning, segregation, transport, storage, treatment, and disposal. Compliance minimizes exposure risks and environmental contamination. Ecuador emphasizes administrative and operational aspects, including policies, records, training, and procedures. Improving practices in both countries can model enhanced waste management across Latin America. Recommendations To address challenges in Talara and similar Latin American cities, it is essential to strengthen administrative systems, increase budget allocations for waste management, and develop comprehensive training programs. Waste management should be prioritized within public policy agendas with clear guidelines and accountability measures. Both cities need improved resource allocation, modern waste treatment facilities, and centralized storage solutions. Continuous education and certification programs are crucial. Implementing integrated policies, regular reviews, and robust compliance mechanisms based on Machala’s practices can benefit other regions. Public awareness campaigns and regional collaboration through workshops and research initiatives are also recommended. Conclusions Significant disparities in hazardous waste management exist between Talara and Machala. Talara requires strengthened systems and improved infrastructure, while Machala’s practices serve as a model. Tailored interventions can enhance public health and environmental outcomes across Latin America. Regular monitoring, evaluation, and collaboration are essential for sustained improvements.

Examining the complexities of estate management practices in Central mosques: a case study of Kumasi Central mosque in Ghana

PurposeTo analyze the challenges and intricacies involved in managing the physical and administrative aspects of central mosques, with a specific focus on the Kumasi Central Mosque in Ghana. Through this case study, the paper aims to provide insights into the unique estate management practices and design a conceptual framework that incorporates efficient estate management practices for Ghana’s central mosques.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a mixed-methods approach. Structured questionnaires were used to gather the data administered to the head of the development office, maintenance workers and mosque users. The data were analyzed using descriptive methods.FindingsThe overall findings of the study indicate that the estate management practices of the mosque are having difficulties financing maintenance. Other difficulties include the type of maintenance regime, the period of planned maintenance, the lack of an asset register, the absence of insurance policies and the causes of emergency maintenance.Practical implicationsThe research provides valuable insights into the management of central mosques in Ghana and offers scalable practical recommendations such as adopting a planned maintenance regime, insuring mosque facilities and implementing comprehensive recording-keeping guidelines guided by policies.Originality/valueThe paper will assist stakeholders in comprehending the most practical approach to mosque estate management practices.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKLOAD, TECHNOSTRESS, WORK LIFE BALANCE AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE REGIONAL SECRETARIAT OF THE CITY OF SURABAYA

Bureaucratic Reform is one way to achieve good governance and make fundamental changes and renewals to the government administration system, especially in terms of institutional (organizational), administrative and human resource aspects. Through improvements to human resources. This study was conducted at the Regional Secretariat of Surabaya City with the aim of determining the relationship between the influence of workload, technostress, work life balance and employee performance. The research method is a quantitative approach where variables are measured using a Likert scale. The population in this study were employees who use technology in their work. Sampling was taken with a 95% confidence level using the Slovin technique, 193 people were obtained. The research variables consist of three independent variables, namely workload, technostress, work life balance and the dependent variable is employee performance. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The results of the data collection were then analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling Technique using the SMART PLS – 3 application. The results of the study showed that: (1) Workload has a positive effect on Technostress at the Surabaya City Regional Secretariat (2) Technostress does not affect Employee Performance at the Surabaya City Regional Secretariat. (3) Workload does not affect Employee Work Life Balance at the Surabaya City Regional Secretariat. (4) Work Life Balance has a positive effect on Employee Performance at the Surabaya City Regional Secretariat (5) Technostress has a negative effect on Work Life Balance at the Surabaya City Regional Secretariat (6) Workload does not have a significant negative effect on Employee Performance at the Surabaya City Regional Secretariat.

Migration of Midwifery Care Documentation to Medical Records

Medical records are the key to documenting services for health workers who carry out independent practice, good documentation greatly affects the fulfillment of administrative aspects, legal aspects for midwives and patients and provides convenience in maintaining the quality of care documentation to patients. Medical records are very important for health care facilities including Independent Midwife Practices. The function of medical records is to record all health services that have been provided to patients in order to support the improvement of service quality. this study is to implement integrated midwifery care documentation using medical records. The purpose of this study was to implement integrated midwifery care documentation using medical records. This research is an RnD (Research and Development) study with a case study approach. Researchers conducted a data collection process with FGDs. The research was conducted in April-September 2023 at PMB Ummu Hani Bantul Yogyakarta. The object is the recording form that has been implemented. The data validation process used source and technical triangulation. The physical aspect of each form is A4 in size with a weight of 70mg, the paper used for the medical record folder is F4, glossy with cream-colored paper type ivory 260gram. The content aspect includes the division of data items, grouping of data, sequent and how to fill in based on the woman's life cycle, namely grouping the contents for data on pregnant women, maternity, postpartum and children. Obstetric documentation has used integrated documentation from pregnancy to postpartum and child growth and development which has become one document using a medical record folder.

Public participation and innovative technologies: the role of artificial intelligence in public administration and sustainable development

The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence on public administration and its role in achieving sustainable development. The authors analyze how the introduction of AI can contribute to increased efficiency, transparency, and accountability in the public sector, focusing on the importance of artificial intelligence in the fight against corruption, ensuring security, and optimizing administrative processes. The article focuses on the role of artificial intelligence in public administration and its impact on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The authors analyze how AI can contribute to increasing efficiency, transparency, and accountability in public administration, as well as affect economic development and social justice. The analysis is based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, historical method, formal legal method, and systemic method. These methods allow for in-depth research of the topic, revealing its complexity and formulating conclusions and recommendations. The authors demonstrate that AI is making a significant contribution to various aspects of public administration, including automating citizen services, analyzing large amounts of data, forecasting demand for services, and evaluating political effectiveness. The authors also discuss potential issues related to privacy, security, ethical considerations, and accuracy of AI. They point out the need to create conditions for the effective implementation of AI in public administration, including the adaptation of international standards and practices to the Ukrainian context. They consider potential challenges and problems associated with the use of AI, such as privacy, security, ethics, accuracy, and bias, as well as the risks of technology dependence. An important part of the article is the consideration of international examples of AI application in public administration that can serve as a model for Ukraine. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the importance of developing strategies and approaches that facilitate the integration of AI into public administration that meets Ukraine's national interests and is open to innovation and technological progress.

From sustainability to resilience: tracing the transition path for spatial planning policy in Greece

Sustainability and resilience are currently key analytical concepts with wide acceptance among different disciplines. This study initially attempts a comprehensive analysis of the current policy to specify the meaningful elements for integrating these concepts into spatial planning theory and practice. Then, a critical review of the Greek spatial planning policy aims to shed light on its evolution in relation to the two paradigms. The findings show that the actual shift from sustainability to resilience remains to be observed and that more attention should be focused on the political rather than the administrative aspect of planning.

Iran’s Look East Policy Under Ebrahim Raisi: Tracing the Rise of a Middle Power

This article adopts a systemic-impact understanding of middle power as an analytical framework to provide a nuanced understanding of Look East Policy under the Raisi administration. It analyses three aspects of Raisi administration’s policy in the regional context of (Eur)Asia: (1) embrace of ‘Asian multilateralism’ (2) ideational strategy drawing on Iran’s identity as a civilizational State and a civilizational conception of Asia (3) projection of Iran as a ‘bridge’ connecting transcontinental connectivity initiatives by China, Russia and India. It concludes that Iran is driven by twin objectives of establishing itself as an independent regional power, while helping shape a post-Western, multilateral economic and security order in (Eur)Asia.

Analisis Penggunaan Mesin Electronic Data Capture (EDC) Pada Wajib Pajak Restoran Sebagai Upaya Mengoptimalkan Penerimaan Pajak Daerah di Kota Kupang

This research aims to explain the implementation of the policy on the use of Electronic Data Capture (EDC) machines among restaurant taxpayers in Kupang City and to explain the factors that hinder and obstruct the implementation process as well as the use of EDC machines as a payment transaction system for restaurant taxpayers in Kupang City. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach by conducting interviews with informants from the Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Kupang, Bank NTT KCU Kupang, and restaurant taxpayers who have installed EDC machines. The research findings indicate that the policy on the use of Electronic Data Capture (EDC) faces several issues, both in the implementation process and in the use of EDC machines by restaurant taxpayers who have installed them. The lack of awareness, support, and readiness from restaurant taxpayers in terms of technical, administrative, and human resources aspects, as well as ineffective communication and coordination between Bapenda and Bank NTT towards taxpayers, are obstacles in the implementation process of EDC machines. From the perspective of EDC machine usage, technical problems with the machines, such as frequent errors, consumers' understanding level, the billing and tax payment system that is not yet fully digitized through the EDC machine system, the limitations of EDC machine features and services that do not yet meet the needs of restaurant taxpayers, and the human resource aspect of restaurant taxpayers who are not yet able to operate the EDC machines, constitute several non-technical factors that also hinder the use of EDC machines as a payment transaction system. Keywords: , , E

Pelatihan Transformasi Digital Arsip di Desa Darmaji Menggunakan Google Drive

Darmaji Village is a village located in Kopang District, Central Lombok Regency, where the village office has a central role in managing administrative affairs and community services. However, archive management in Darmaji Village still uses conventional methods that are vulnerable to the risk of damage and loss of documents. As a solution, the pengabdi took the initiative to conduct digital archive transformation training using Google Drive to help village officials manage archives more efficiently. The methods used in this service training include observation, interviews, socialization, and training. The results of this activity showed a significant increase in the ability of the participants, where the pretest results showed 88.9% of the 9 participants could not operate Google Drive as a digital archive, while the posttest results showed 100% of the participants were able to operate Google Drive properly. With the application of this technology, it is expected that archive management in Darmaji Village will become more effective, efficient, and secure, and will be able to encourage the implementation of digital technology in various aspects of village administration

Ethical regulation of biomedical research in Brazil: a quality improvement initiative

BackgroundQ-CEP (Qualificação dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa que compõem o Sistema CEP/Conep) is a nationwide project resulting from a partnership between the Brazilian National Research Ethics Commission (Conep), the Ministry of Health and Hospital Moinhos de Vento (HMV). It was developed to consolidate policy for ethical review of research with human beings in all members of the CEP/Conep System, Brazil’s national system of institutional review boards. The aim of this study was therefore to report on the experience and results of the Q-CEP project.MethodsAn observational, retrospective study includes data from the Q-CEP, obtained from visits to all the institutional research ethics committees (RECs) in the country. The actions implemented by Q-CEP were part of a two-step process: (i) training visits to each REC; (ii) development of distance learning modules on strategic topics pertaining to research ethics evaluation. The data presented herein cover step one (training visits), defined by Q-CEP as the diagnostic stage of the project. For a country with social and economics inequalities such as Brazil, this is a particularly important stage; an accurate picture of reality is needed to inform planning of quality improvement strategies.ResultsIn 2019–2021, Q-CEP visited 832 RECs and trained 11,197 people. This sample covered almost all active RECs in the country; only 4 (0.5%) were not evaluated. Of the 94 items evaluated, 62% did not reach the target of at least 80% compliance and around 1/4 (26%) were below 50% compliance. The diagnostic stage of the process revealed inadequacies on the part of the RECs in their ethical reviews. The analysis of informed consent forms showed compliance in only 131 RECs (15.74%). The description of pending issues made by RECs in their reports was compliant in 19.33% (n = 161). Administrative and operational aspects were also considered inadequate by more than half of the RECs.ConclusionsOverall, Brazilian RECs showed poor compliance in several aspects of their operation, both in ethics evaluation and in other processes, which justifies additional training. The Q-CEP project is part of a quality improvement policy promoted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The data obtained in the diagnostic step of the project have contributed to the qualification and consolidation of one of the world’s largest research ethics evaluation systems.

Regulations have forgotten design

This essay developed from research and design work associated with the regulation of architectural-urban projects and urban planning. Over time, planning and building regulations have progressively lost the necessary attention toward the compositional and technical aspects of design, and its contextualisation with the city, in favour of administrative, legal and procedural aspects. Beginning with their progressive evolution, the essay explores three particular themes with the intention of restoring the central role of design: moving from a principle of conformity to one of coherence; exercising the capacity to express an urban grammar; favouring practices of adaptive reuse.

The Analysis of Authority Abuse that Results in State Financial Loss in the State Administrative Law & Islamic Law Framework

Implementation of duties and functions for the Government is a constitutional obligation. So that every task carried out must be based on the norms stated in the constitution. Holding a position as a leader means there is a mandate that must be held accountable. The aim of this research to analyze state financial losses resulting from authority abuse within the legal framework of state administration from a positive legal perspective in Indonesia and an Islamic legal perspective. The type of research used was normative juridical. Authority abuse is basically an act against the law (the concept of a criminal act) accompanied by mens rea (malicious intent). The emergence of losses to state finances in the legal aspect of state administration requires the restoration of state finances and redressing the causes of state financial losses. So in state administrative law, the aspect of improving the system is a very important thing to do. In Islam, position means power which has implications for the lives of society as a whole, office holders are God's representatives in the human world because the only one who has true power is God. In Islamic criminal law, authority abuse is an act that approaches the crime of corruption.

Assistance in Strengthening Village Governance Through the Development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Increasing the Capacity of Villages Apparatus: Community Service in Sungai Arang Hamlet, Jambi, Indonesia

Effective village governance is an important foundation for sustainable development at the local level. However, many villages in Indonesia, including Sungai Arang Hamlet in Jambi, still face challenges in terms of governance, which can be seen from weak administrative systems, lack of transparency, and low capacity of village officials. This research uses a participatory community service approach which involves a series of activities, including: (1) Identifying village problems and needs through focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews; (2) Development of standard operating procedures (SOP) for various aspects of village administration; (3) Training and capacity building for village officials regarding SOP implementation; (4) Assistance and monitoring of SOP implementation; and (5) Evaluation of program impact. The research results show a significant improvement in village governance after program implementation. The developed SOPs have helped improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public services, increase transparency and accountability, and strengthen public participation in decision-making. In addition, the capacity of village officials has also increased, reflected in a better understanding of their duties and responsibilities, as well as a better ability to carry out administrative tasks. In conclusion, this community service program has made a positive contribution in strengthening village governance in Sungai Arang Hamlet. Developing SOPs and increasing the capacity of village officials has proven effective in improving the quality of public services, transparency, and accountability. This research recommends that this community service model can be replicated in other villages that have similar problems.

Understanding the Role of Structural Change Management from Employees’ Perspective: A Case Study for Hawassa Industrial Park

This qualitative research aimed to show that to exploring the understanding of the role of Structural change management from employees’ perspectives in Hawassa Industrial Parks under Ethiopian Industrial Parks Corporations. This specific study attempted to emphasize on the role of structural change management for structural change performance enhancement. The study on structural change management from employees’ perspectives employed qualitative exploratory method to capture the experience and perception of employee’s. For this specific study in the study area data source would be only primary data. Data collection method was semi-structured in-depth interview made with the eight employees and one supervisor from eighteen companies with in the Hawassa Industrial Park. The data were analyzed by using thematic &content analysis. The research on structural change management from employees’ perspectives has the finding of training related, experience related, perception related and administrative body related aspects hindering change management. Finally the study recommended that the companies in the industrial parks, National and regional government and industrial park’s administrative bodies should apply open door policy to exploit eternal opportunities and the employees in the companies also should be open wise to adapt as well as to exercise change management. Over-all study suggested some limitations for other researchers.

Analisis Pemikiran Soekarno Dalam Perumusan Pancasila Pada Prinsip Ketuhanan

Pancasila as the basis of the Indonesian state regulates the entire order of national and state life as well as all aspects of the state administration of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Pancasila did not appear suddenly, but through a long process in the history of the Indonesian nation with contributions from figures such as Prof. Mohammad Yamin S.H., Prof. Dr. Supomo, and Ir. Sukarno. Ir. Soekarno, as one of the founding fathers and explorers of Pancasila, popularized this ideology in his speech on June 1 1945, which became the main reference in the formulation of Pancasila. The process of formulating Pancasila involved various groups with different views, which Soekarno finally succeeded in synthesizing into five main principles: Nationality, Internationalism, Democracy, Prosperity and Belief in God. The principle of God, which was initially proposed as the fifth principle, was finally placed as the first principle in Pancasila. This research uses a literature study method to examine Soekarno's views regarding the principle of God and its relevance in the context of a country that is religiously and culturally diverse. The findings of this research show that Soekarno's thinking regarding God offers an inclusive vision that can unite various beliefs in one principle that is accepted by all Indonesian people, strengthen the nation's spiritual foundation, and help face the challenges of globalization and changes in societal values.

#2422 Iohexol plasma clearance measurement protocol standardization—a consensus of the European Kidney Function Consortium

Abstract Background and Aims International consensus supports the development of standardized protocols for measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) to facilitate the adoption of mGFR determination in both clinical and research settings. Method The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) convened an international group of mGFR experts. The working group performed an extensive literature search to inform the development of recommendations for mGFR determination using one-compartment plasma clearance models and iohexol as the exogenous filtration marker. Iohexol was selected as it is non-radio labeled, inexpensive, widely available, and can be assayed at a central laboratory. Other commonly used non-radio labeled tracers have been (inulin) or are soon to be (iothalamate) discontinued. A plasma clearance model was selected as it requires no timed urine collections. A one-compartment model was preferred to a two compartment model as it requires fewer samples. The resulting recommendations were based on published evidence complemented by expert opinion. Results Recommendations include practical advice for patients and health professionals, preparation, administration and safety aspects of iohexol, laboratory analysis, blood sample collection and sample timing for both multiple and single sample protocols, description of the mGFR mathematical calculations as well as implementation strategies (Fig.). EKFC will provide materials such as patient information sheets, standard operating procedures, a study protocol template, and support for mGFR calculation. Conclusion Members of the EKFC have evaluated the evidence and formulated recommendations that include all aspects of iohexol plasma clearance measurement using a one compartment model. *Author list on behalf of the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC).

#1530 Studying parenteral nutrition in patients with dialysis stage chronic kidney disease

Abstract Background and Aims Hemodialysis is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as poor quality of life. Changes in nutritional status and loss of protein and energy are important indicators of these risks. Maintaining optimal nutritional status in hemodialysis patients is an important but sometimes overlooked aspect of treatment. In some cases, intradialytic parenteral nutrition is possible, but lack of knowledge about the practical aspects of administration is rarely discussed. The purpose of our study was to study the age-related characteristics of the nutritional status in patients with CKD of the dialysis stages who are on parenteral nutrition. Method The study included 40 patients with stage C5 CKD. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the CKD-EPI formula (2011) [11]. Anthropometric data were studied: height, weight, body mass index (BMI), mid-thigh circumference and mid-upper arm circumference, as well as laboratory data: urea, creatinine, electrolytes, albumin, total protein, hemoglobin. All patients underwent instrumental research methods: ECG, EchoCG. The patients were divided into 2 groups – with and without PEM. Statistical data processing was carried out according to standard methods using a computer program package. Results Total body water (TBW) (P = 0.026) and triceps skinfold thickness (P < 0.05) were higher in the hemodialysis group. BMI and other anthropometric parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups. Total caloric intake (P < 0.05) and total cholesterol (P < 0.05) were higher in patients with PEM. Intake of other nutrients, including proteins, lipids, microelements and vitamins, did not show significant differences between the two groups. Only 24% of patients were malnourished. Triglyceride levels were higher in non-malnourished patients, but HDL levels were higher in malnourished patients. Some anthropometric indicators were significantly higher in patients not suffering from PEM. It is worth noting that malnourished patients consumed more calories and nutrients, including proteins, plant lipids, animal lipids and carbohydrates. Conclusion Compared with malnutrition patients and non-malnutrition patients, several anthropometric parameters, including subiliac skinfold thickness and MAC, were significantly lower in the malnutrition group. These values can be measured using simple methods and are used as a useful method for assessing malnutrition. Interestingly, patients with malnutrition and lower BMI albumin actually consumed more calories and nutrients from food. This means that malnutrition in dialysis patients is not simply caused by low food intake.

Facts and myths about use of esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: a narrative clinical review.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) occurs when at least two different antidepressants, taken at the right dosage, for adequate period of time and with continuity, fail to give positive clinical effects. Esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, was recently approved for TRD treatment from U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medicine Agency. Despite proved clinical efficacy, many misconceptions by clinicians and patients accompany this medication. We aimed to review the most common "false myths" regarding TRD and esketemine, counterarguing with evidence-based facts. The keywords "esketamine", "treatment resistance depression", "depression", "myth", "mythology", "pharmacological treatment", and "misunderstanding" were entered in the main databases and combined through Boolean operators. Misconceptions regarding the TRD prevalence, clinical features and predictors have been found. With respect of esketamine, criteria to start treatment, dissociative symptoms, potential addiction and aspects of administration and monitoring, were found to be affected by false beliefs by clinicians and patients. TRD represents a challenging condition, requiring precise diagnosis in order to achieve patient's full recovery. Esketamine has been proved as an effective medication to treat TRD, although it requires precautions. Evidence can inform clinical practice, in order to offer this innovative treatment to all patients with TRD.

Judicial enforcement as a specific type of law enforcement: administrative and legal aspect

In the article, the author reflects on the possibility of recognizing judicial enforcement as a specific type of law enforcement. Proceeding from the already finally formed position of recognition of application as a separate independent form of implementation of the norms of administrative law, along with its other forms - implementation, compliance, use, the author directs his scientific search to the study of the specifics of law enforcement by its special subject - the court . Having analyzed the arguments available in scientific sources about the specifics of judicial enforcement, the author rejects most of the features that are proposed in scientific sources as being inherent only in judicial enforcement (simultaneous and related application of not only the norms of substantive law, but also the norms of procedural law; legal interpretation activity court; the need to coordinate judicial enforcement with judicial practice) as those that characterize the enforcement activity not only of courts, but also of other subjects. Such a deficiency of normative regulation is indicated, such as the lack of normative definitions of the concepts of "norms of material norm” ("material norms”, "substantive law”, other similar), "norms of procedural law” ("procedural norms”, "procedural law”, other similar ), as well as "application of legal norms”, "application of material law norms”, "application of procedural law norms”, etc. As criteria for distinguishing judicial application as a separate type of law enforcement, the author considers: the specificity of the subject of application itself; different from other cases of (non-judicial) application of normative regulation of relevant procedural issues, and the content of the concepts "type” and "typing” is taken into account. It is indicated that, in the absence of a unified approach to determining the content of all forms of implementation of legal norms (execution, use, compliance, application), it is problematic (and will remain until the normative resolution of this issue) to attribute certain actions of the court in the implementation of procedural norms to certain specific forms The author considers the possibility of interpreting the actions of the court to implement procedural norms in some cases as "use” and in others as "application” as a promising direction for further discussions.