Administrative Areas Research Articles

Groundwater Potential of the East and North Sides of Gunungmasigit Village: A Case Study

The purpose of this research is to conduct a groundwater survei by analyzing the availability of groundwater on the east and north sides of Gunungmasigit Village, Kec. cipatat, kab. west bandung (case study: PPSDM Geominerba field campus KESDM). The aim of this study was to determine the potential for groundwater in the northern area of the PPSDM Geominerba Field Campus and to find information regarding the absence of groundwater after drilling was carried out in 2019 in the area on the east side of the PPSDM Geominerba Field Campus. The research administrative area is located in Gunungmasigit Village, Kec. Cipatat, Kab. West Bandung (PPSDM Geominerba field campus KESDM). The author will focus more on the end of Cipatat-1 (north side) on the map, where it is located in the gate area of the Geominerba PPSDM Field Campus. This study uses the geoelectrical measurement method. One of the geoelectrical methods is the resistivity or resistivity method. This method studies the subsurface structure based on the different resistivity values in the rock with depth. Data analysis used IPI2WIN Software with track 1 having a length of 200 meters and track 3 having a length of 400 meters. In the results of Cipatat-1 it is suspected that there is a water-carrying layer at a depth of 11.9 – 45.9 m. Meanwhile, the results of Cipatat-3 suggest that there is a water-carrying layer at a depth of 26.3 m.

Preliminary study of sea water intrusion using geographic information system in Temon, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Temon Sub Districts is an administrative area of Kulon Progo Regency, which borders the South Sea (Indian Ocean). The Temon Sub District is directly adjacent to the waters, so it potentially experiences intrusion like other coastal areas in Indonesia. Therefore, groundwater conditions related to the phenomenon of water intrusion need to be identified. The purpose of this study was to estimate seawater intrusion using a geographic information system (GIS) and water quality variables in the Temon Subs Districts. In this study, we used data on electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and groundwater salinity. The sampling was carried out using a systematic random sampling method. Meanwhile, the data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner using the spatial interpolation feature in the Arc GIS 10.8 software. Based on the research results, it is suspected that seawater intrusion has occurred in several locations in Temon Sub Districts. The highest suspected seawater intrusion was found in the vicinity of Jangkaran Village, Kalidengen Village, and Plumbon Village. The EC, TDS, and salinity values suggested that around 26% or 9.68 km2 of the area has intruded. This research is expected to enrich references regarding the mapping of seawater intrusion in coastal areas.

Analysis of the literature on the barriers that affect female entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is critical to promoting economic and sustainable development at a global level. In this scenario,women play an increasingly relevant role but face various challenges and barriers to starting and growing theirbusinesses. The study pursued the analysis of the state of knowledge related to the limitations of women in thedevelopment of entrepreneurship. A retrospective and descriptive examination was developed, based on bibliometricprocedures in the SCOPUS database during the time range from 2019 to 2024. The trend of the research washeterogeneous with a maximum peak of 25 in the year 2022. Research articles predominated in the area of Business,Administration and Accounting. The United States was the largest producing country, while the most representativeaffiliation was Tartu Ülikool. Three lines of scientific research were identified from the keyword co-occurrence analysis.It was observed that entrepreneurship plays a vital role in economic development and that the classificationsdemonstrate its multidimensional and diverse character. Understanding this diversity is crucial to designing supportpolicies and programs adjusted to each context's specific needs and characteristics.

Global hotspots of climate-related disasters

Climate change mitigation is crucial to prevent excessive temperature rise, a primary contributor to climate-related impacts. However, even if net zero emissions were achieved immediately, the carbon locked in the atmosphere will continue to impact ecosystems, people, settlements and infrastructure, as observed in the past several decades. Despite the urgent need to minimize climate change impacts, climate adaptation has not kept pace with escalating risks. Data on disaster occurrences and impacts can guide action to where it is most needed. We used data on climate-related disasters recorded between 2000 and 2020 in the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) to 1) discern disparities in climate-related disaster impacts across countries and continents, and 2) pinpoint administrative areas where people have been highly impacted from those types of disasters. During this period, over 4,600 occurrences of climate-related disasters were documented, directly impacting over 3.3 billion people. Highly developed countries experienced fewer impacts despite not having a lower number of climate-related events. African countries showed an increase in the number of people impacted through time, despite a decrease in the number of climate-related events. Areas in Central America and the Caribbean, Eastern North America, Eastern Africa and Madagascar, and Southern and Eastern China, India and Southeast Asia had the highest numbers of people impacted per km2. Identifying locations with disproportionally high numbers of impacted people can lead to action and policy shifts, from local to international levels. Some of the approaches to adapt to climate change impacts that can be cost-effective and readily available are those based on nature and the benefits that nature provides to people. Therefore, nature conservation, restoration and management could be important interventions to help people adapt to the impacts of climate change, especially in areas of low human development and where people have experienced high and very high climate impacts. In the policy sphere, synthesizing information on historical occurrences of climate-related disasters could guide efforts to address losses and damages and to promote climate justice.

Spatial Analysis and GIS Mapping of Public Parks Adequacy: A Case Study from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Public parks play an important role in determining the quality of life in any modern city. A close and accessible public park is considered to be an important feature of a city as it has many positive impacts on people’s health, as well as offering a sustainable environment. As one of the Middle East’s largest capital cities, Riyadh is growing and expanding rapidly in terms of area and population. To date, little research has been conducted to determine the accessibility and adequacy of public parks, particularly in those areas that do not have ready access to them. This study develops a new measurement approach that examines this issue in terms of the various administrative areas and suburbs of Riyadh. The results of spatial data analysis may benefit the development of areas that have inadequate public parks, among other issues, taking into consideration their geographic location, administrative areas, suburb sizes, and population density. The features of the various administrative areas and suburbs will be compared and conclusions drawn.

Digital Innovations in the System of Public Administration

The relevance of the study is due to the need for in-depth digitalization of the public administration system in Russia based on the introduction of digital innovations.The purpose of the study is to study the features of the Russian public administration system in the implementation of digital innovations, to determine its existing limitations, as well as to substantiate the possibilities of its prospective digital development. The objectives of the study are to assess the state of the Russian public administration system by the level of implementation of digital innovations, to identify existing limitations of the introduction of digital innovations into the public administration system, as well as to search for measures that contribute to the further digital development of the public administration system in Russia.Methodology. The research is based on the use of the method of theoretical analysis, data systematization, economic analysis, graphical method, logical method, as well as analysis and synthesis.Results. The trends in the development of digital innovations that contribute to optimizing the activities of civil servants and ensuring interdepartmental interaction are studied. The problems of the development of digital innovations in the system of public online services for the population and enterprises are identified. The analysis of the state's ongoing measures to introduce digital innovations to improve the open data infrastructure of the sphere of public authority within the framework of the development of the innovative ecosystem of the state is carried out.Conclusions. A high level of formation of the basic conditions for the introduction of digital innovations in the public administration system has been revealed. The positive dynamics of growth in the volume of public online services received by the population and enterprises has been established. The limitations of the introduction of digital innovations in terms of the formation of the open data portal of the public administration system are revealed. Recommendations on optimizing the implementation of digital innovations in all areas of public administration functioning under study are presented.

Indices and methods for evaluating gross ecosystem product in sea areas: a case study in Changdao County, China

IntroductionCoastal nations heavily rely on their sea areas to achieve sustainable socioeconomic development. Sea areas offer abundant marine ecosystem products and services that are difficult to substitute with industrial goods. Although considerable research has been performed to evaluate the contribution offrom the marine ecosystems to human well-being, systematic and measurable indices are lacking.MethodsTo address this knowledge gap, ecosystem service theory was used to establish a framework for assessing the gross ecosystem product (GEP) of a sea area, which represents the total monetary value of final ecosystem products directly and indirectly used by people within a specific administrative jurisdiction in one year. To evaluate marine GEP, three primary indices, i.e., material products, regulating products, and cultural products, were employed, and they consist of eight secondary indices. Material products in the sea area include aquatic products and oxygen products; regulating products include carbon sequestration, climate regulation, waste treatment, and coastal protection; and cultural products include leisure and recreation, and seascape-added value. The marine GEP was calculated for the administrative sea areas of Changdao County, which is located in the Yellow Sea-Bohai Sea transitional zone.Results and discussionOur analysis indicated that from 2017 to 2019, the marine GEP in Changdao ranged between 32.59 and 33.35 billion Chinese yuan (CNY). Regulating products contributed two-thirds of this total value. However, over the three-year period, the marine GEP underwent a 5.64% decrease in Changdao. Specifically, the value of material products increased by 38.85% while that of regulating and cultural products decreased by 9.16% and 15.87%, respectively. Notably, the spatial distribution of ecosystem product values in Changdao displayed two prominent trends: (1) higher values along the coastal sea areas of islands and lower values in offshore sea areas; and (2) higher values in coastal areas of southern islands and lower values in coastal areas of northern islands. Marine GEP may serve as a comprehensive indicator for assessing the sustainability of marine ecosystem. Combining the assessment of both marine and terrestrial GEP facilitates an understanding of how marine and terrestrial ecosystems interact in coastal regions. Furthermore, the combined use of marine GEP and GDP helps better evaluate and sort the level of green development of coastal nations and regions.

Can increasing preventive patrol in large geographic areas reduce crime? A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AbstractResearch summaryWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis examining whether increasing preventive patrol in large areas reduces crime. Our review included experimental and quasi‐experimental studies that focused on areas such as beats, precincts, or entire jurisdictions and that measured a crime outcome either through official data or surveys. We identified 17 studies to include in our review. We used two methods for assessing study impacts: an approach which identified a primary/general outcome measure and a second approach which used robust variance estimation (RVE) and included all effect sizes across each study. Both approaches showed small crime prevention benefits (RVE: 9% decline; primary/general: 6% decline), but only the RVE model was significant at conventional levels (p < 0.05). There was no significant evidence of displacement. Moderator analyses suggest that as dosage increases so do the crime prevention impacts. In RVE models, preventive patrol was associated with significant reductions in property and violent crime, but nonsignificant increases in drug and disorder offenses.Policy implicationsIncreasing preventive patrol activities has the potential to reduce crime in large administrative areas. At the same time, existing studies offer little guidance as to how such preventive patrol should be carried out. Deterrence theory, as well as evidence from studies of hot spots policing, suggests that the greatest benefits will be gained from informing patrol efforts about where and when crime occurs. Although more research is needed regarding patrol allocations in large areas, present knowledge suggests that the more such patrols can be targeted at specific places at specific times, the greater will be the crime control benefits. In this context, we argue that police agencies may want to apply a hybrid approach to police patrol, which would include a combination of hot spots policing units and general patrol units informed by data on where crime is concentrated.

Musculoskeletal Health Systematic Review: Clinical and Pharmacological, Organizational and Legal, Administration and Pharmaceutical Management Aspects

This article examines current aspects of musculoskeletal health and pharmacotherapy of disorders of the human musculoskeletal system. An objective review of disorders of the musculoskeletal system was conducted in the areas of administration, clinical and pharmacological, organizational and legal, pharmaceutical management. The results of the systematic review show that the availability of diagnoses in the section "Orthopedics and traumatology" on the platform of the state expert center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine is limited. It is necessary and urgent to expand the scientific base for practicing doctors. The study confirmed the importance of using new clinical protocols in medical and pharmaceutical practice for the implementation of evidence-based medicine and evidence-based pharmacy in Ukraine. Gradual improvement of medical and pharmaceutical practice allows to increase the quality, efficiency, safety, availability of pharmacotherapy for patients with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The paper examines guidelines developed on the basis of health evidence provided by Duodecim Medical Publications. The study shows the availability of a wide range of treatment methods and helps to determine optimal therapy strategies in the field of orthopedics. It was found that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics are more often prescribed for the pharmacotherapy of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, which emphasizes the perspective of further clinical and pharmacological, organizational and legal researches in the pharmaceutical development and management of new drugs.

Distribution of Levels of Suitability of Land Characteristics and Growing Degree Days (GDD) for Corn (Zea mays L.) in West Sumatra

The decline in corn production is influenced by several factors, one of which is the suitability of land characteristics. This research analyses land characteristics' suitability and GDD for West Sumatra Province corn crops. The suitability of land characteristics is studied by combining the suitability of land characteristics with the GDD value in the area. The suitability of land characteristics is determined by matching plant growth requirements and land characteristics. The parameters used to determine the suitability of land characteristics are land use, slope, soil pH, soil texture and rainfall. GDD suitability by matching the accumulated daily temperature data during one growing season to the optimal GDD value for corn plant growth. This research created 12 planting time scenarios, and the analysis was carried out based on Regency/city administrative areas in the West Sumatra region. The analysis results obtained a suitable land area based on land characteristics and GDD values, namely an area of 1,206,079.48 ha with a planting season of December-March. Areas in West Sumatra Province with great potential for corn crop development are Lima Puluh Kota Regency, Pasaman Regency, Sijunjung Regency, South Solok Regency, and Tanah Datar Regency.

General Manifestations of Tick-Borne Infections in the Amur Region in 2014–2023

Introduction: Tick-borne infections (TBI) require special attention of health professionals owing to their high epidemic significance. High rates of tick bite visits are registered in Russia while the incidence rates of tick-borne diseases range dramatically across different regions of the country. Objective: To describe several features of epidemiological manifestations of tick-borne infections in the Amur Region. Materials and methods: The analysis of TBI incidence rates registered in the population of the Amur Region by disease, age, sex, and administrative area was based on data of statistical observation forms No. 1, 2 “Information about infectious and parasitic diseases” and annual state reports on sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Amur Region for the years 2014 to 2023. Annual rates of tick bite visits and frequency of pathogen detection in the removed ticks were calculated. Statistical data analysis was carried out in Excel 2013. Results: Epidemiological analysis revealed a trend towards a decrease in TBI incidence from 4.81 %000 in 2014 to 0.26 %000 in 2021; predominance of tick-borne rickettsiosis (56.77 %; 95 % CI: 48.98–64.57 %) in the structure of long-term incidence of the regional population; registration of most disease cases in steppe landscape zones (57.42 %; 95 % CI: 48.38–66.46 %) and among the adult population (85.81 %; 95 % CI: 80.32–91.30 %); a statistical correlation between tick bite visits and TBI prevalence (r = 0.64) and ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (r = 0.82), as well as the correlation between the incidence of ixodid tick-borne borreliosis and the frequency of detecting borrelia in ticks removed from patients (r = 0.677). Conclusion: Further development of the TBI situation in the Amur Region will be defined by changes in forest cover area related to both anthropogenic transformations and natural emergencies.

A novel approach to identify priority areas for optimal nutrient management in mixed land-use watersheds through nutrient budget assessment

Excessive nutrient supply in agricultural regions has led to various environmental issues, thereby requiring concentrated management owing to its persistent upward trend. Nutrient budgets (NBs), a vital agricultural environmental indicator, are employed for nutrient management in agricultural areas, using data surveyed by administrative agencies. However, the spatial extent of nutrient data for nutrient budgeting is limited by administrative boundaries according to the surveying organization, posing challenges in interpreting spatial patterns at the watershed level. In this study, a novel approach was developed to identify priority nutrient management areas by applying hot spot spatial analysis to watershed-level NBs, considering hydrological characteristics. This method was applied to approximately 850 subwatersheds across the Republic of Korea, where land cover characteristics are complex. Reassessing nutrient budgets at the watershed scale, accounting for overlapping administrative boundary areas and crop cultivation ratios, indicated similar levels between the two methods. Hot spot analysis revealed that watersheds with elevated NBs mirrored the spatial patterns of livestock excreta and cropland. The spatial distribution characteristics of watersheds with high nutrient levels in rivers corresponded with the concentration characteristics of industrial and commercial areas. Therefore, applying watershed-level NBs based on land cover ratios that consider nutrient input characteristics in agricultural regions is deemed appropriate for selecting priority nutrient management areas. Collectively, this study presents a method for selecting nutrient management priority areas by simultaneously considering the spatial characteristics of various environmental factors, such as land cover, livestock excreta, river water quality, and land area-based watershed-specific NBs. The proposed approach, considering mixed land cover characteristics, is anticipated to be valuable for selecting priority management areas in watersheds with diverse pollution sources. Future research is needed to explore nutrient budgets within watersheds, the influence of land use on pollution sources, and their correlation with water quality.

High SARS-CoV-2 attack rates in areas with low detection after community transmission established in Port Vila, Vanuatu, April 2022.

On 4 March 2022, the first community-acquired case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Vanuatu, with community transmission occurring subsequently. It was expected that the number of notified SARS-CoV-2 cases would be an underestimate of the true infection rate of this outbreak; however, the magnitude of underreporting was unknown. The purpose of this study was to provide a population-based estimate of SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly after the first reports of community transmission, to understand the level of underdetection and undernotification in Vanuatu and thus to inform ongoing prevention and response activities. We conducted a cross-sectional SARS-CoV-2 prevalence study in two geographical administrative areas in Port Vila, Vanuatu in April 2022. All residents in selected areas were eligible. Trained teams conducted demographic and behavioural interviews and collected nasal specimens. Specimens were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The primary outcomes were the rates of SARS-CoV-2 attack (point prevalence) and cumulative attack, underdetection, notification and household secondary attack. A total of 252 people from 84 households participated. Among 175 people who had a sample collected, 91 were SARS-CoV-2-positive (attack rate 52.0%). Most cases had not been detected before the study (underdetection rate 91.5%). More than half of previously detected cases were notified (notification rate 65.2%). Within the first few weeks of community transmission, more than half of participants in the selected areas had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, most infections had been undetected. This study provides important information about the rapid spread of novel infectious diseases in Vanuatu.

Focus Group Discussion Pembuatan Peta Batas Wilayah Padukuhan di Kalurahan Kebonharjo, Kapanewon Samigaluh, Kabupaten Kulon Progo

Geospatial information has expanded widely, including development and regional aspects. Kebonharjo sub-district, which is in the Kapanewon Girimulyo administrative area, Kulon Progo Regency, is committed to participating in regional development by trying to optimize its various potentials. However, the database and profile of potentials (and problems) are still limited, need better documented, and are still limited to tabular data. The database and profile will have added value if presented with a spatial approach like a map. Community service programs were carried out to make a map as a basis for developing spatial data and profiles. In the preparation step, the agendas include discussion with the village official to scope the activities and products, downloading satellite image data as a basis for mapping, and collecting maps for initial reference for area boundaries. Next, the technical activities for making the map were started by carrying out the Focus Group Discussion with village officials and community representatives from all of the hamlets to obtain agreement on the boundaries of the hamlet and Rukun Tetangga (RT) areas. The results of the Focus Group Discussion were digitized and processed in the laboratory to obtain map products and an overview of public understanding regarding mapping. The output achieved from the community service was the Padukuhan and Rukun Tetangga Area Boundary Map products, both in printed and soft file versions.

A national perspective on cardiovascular diseases in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common chronic conditions that lead to morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, there are no recent national or regional reports about CVDs in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the national and regional prevalence rates of CVDs among the Saudi population.MethodsThis study used data from an ongoing household health survey conducted by the General Authority for Statistics in 2017. The survey sample comprised 24,012 homes that were determined to be a representative sample of the population and dispersed throughout the 13 administrative areas. A self-reported diagnosis of CVD was collected by asking subjects if they had been diagnosed by a physician.ResultsThe prevalence of CVDs among the Saudi population aged 15 years and older was 1.6% (n = 236,815). The prevalence is higher in males at 1.9% compared to females at 1.4%. Age is a significant factor, with a gradual increase in CVD prevalence until the age of 50, followed by a sharp rise. The prevalence among the age group (≥ 65 years) was the highest, recording 11% (n = 93,971), followed by the age group (60–64 years) which reached 6.5% (n = 31156.71), and the lowest prevalence was found in the age group (< 40 years) as 1.2% (n = 108,226). When considering regional differences, Makkah has the highest prevalence at 1.9% (n = 85,814), followed by Riyadh at 1.7% (n = 79,191). Conversely, Najran has the lowest prevalence at 0.76% (n = 332), with the Northern Border Region having the second lowest rate at 1,46% ( n = 4218) These findings underscore the importance of considering both demographic and regional factors in addressing and managing cardiovascular health in Saudi Arabia.ConclusionThis study provides the most recent estimates of the national and regional prevalence rates of CVDs in Saudi Arabia. The findings suggest that CVDs are more common among older adults, males, and residents of the Makkah region. This information can be used to inform public health policies and interventions to reduce the burden of CVDs in Saudi Arabia.

Awareness of the Impact of Urbanization on Land Use Change in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Urbanisation is imminent especially in a city with high expectation of expanding due to its function as an administrative area in which Yenagoa is not exempted. This study therefore examined the knowledge and awareness of the residents on the impacts of urbanisation on land use change in Yenagoa Metropolis. Five hundred and sixty copies of the questionnaire were administered to elicit information on the perception of residents on the impacts of urbanisation on other land use types. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for the data analysis in the study. Findings showed that the majority perceived that population increase, job opportunities and infrastructural developments are the major factors responsible for the development in Yenagoa while increases in the cost of living, poor standard of living, and increase in crime are the challenges of development in Yenagoa. However, 39% of respondents agreed that forest was the highest land cover in the past 20 years while 60.2% agreed that the built-up area was the highest at present land cover. They concluded that the public is adequately aware of the effects of urbanisation on other land use types and there were no designed ways of getting out of the problem. It is therefore recommended among others that a campaign against deforestation should be encouraged and sensitizing people on the effects of improper land use change should also be established and maintained.

Kommunale e-Partizipationssysteme. Anforderungen aus der Perspektive der Anbieter sowie Nutzerinnen und Nutzer

Over the past two decades, e‑participation has become increasingly relevant as a result of digitization and the evolution of information and communication technologies. Yet the perspectives of providers and users with regard to the requirements on an e‑participation system are not sufficiently considered jointly. This paper investigates the requirements and challenges of users and providers. The study is based on a mixed methods approach with an online survey of those responsible for e‑participation processes in various administrative and planning areas as well as semi-structured expert interviews. In addition, we conducted proband tests to investigate the usability of digital citizen participation tools. The results show that accessibility, retrievability, effectiveness, interaction in the digital arena, security, technical specifications, resources, media literacy and the use of participation as a basis for profound decision-making are key requirements for e‑participation systems. These demands requirements are interrelated and influence the quality and effectiveness of participation processes. To meet these requirements, we propose an e‑participation ecosystem that integrates the different dimensions of digital participation and takes into account the interaction between actors, demands and contextual conditions.

Racial and Ethnic Concordance Between National Health Service Corps Clinicians and Underserved Populations

Despite the widely recognized importance of racial and ethnic concordance between patients and clinicians, there is a lack of studies on clinician diversity in medically underserved areas and whether it aligns with the changing demographic landscape. To assess trends in National Health Services Corps (NHSC) clinician diversity and racial and ethnic concordance between NHSC clinicians and the populations in underserved areas from before to after the 2009 NHSC expansion. This cross-sectional, population-based study compared trends in the diversity of NHSC clinicians practicing in health professional shortage areas (HPSAs) and the HPSA populations during 2003 to 2019 using the Health Resources and Services Administration's NHSC Field Strength Database and Area Health Resources Files. The analysis was performed from February through May 2023. Concordance was measured with an annual community representativeness ratio defined as the ratio of the proportions of same race or ethnicity NHSC clinicians to HPSA population. There were a total of 41 180 clinicians practicing in HPSAs from 2003 to 2019; the median (IQR) age was 34 (30-41) years. Among 38 569 NHSC clinicians who reported gender, 28 444 (73.7%) identified as female and 10 125 (26.3%) identified as male. The average annual number of NHSC clinicians increased from 3357 in 2003 to 2008 to 9592 in 2009 to 2019. Before 2009, 1076 clinicians (5.3%) identified as Black, 9780 (48.6%) as Hispanic, 908 (4.5%) as other, and 8380 (41.6%) as White. During this period, concordance was low among non-Hispanic White and Black individuals due to clinician underrepresentation relative to the population, yet Hispanic clinicians were overrepresented. Following the 2009 NHSC expansion, the main change was the sharp decline in the proportion of Hispanic clinicians, to 1601 (13%) by 2019; while concordance was achieved for non-Hispanic White and Black individuals, Hispanic clinicians became underrepresented relative to population. The results held across 3 specialties: primary care, mental health care, and dental care. This cross-sectional study of trends in racial and ethnic concordance found that while the NHSC expansion starting in 2009 improved clinician-population concordance for non-Hispanic White and Black individuals, it reversed a prior trend for Hispanic individuals among whom clinicians became underrepresented relative to the population. Targeted NHSC clinician recruitment efforts are needed to improve concordance for Hispanic individuals in underserved areas, especially given Hispanics' projected growth in the US.

When and why high civil servants demand information from interest groups in policymaking. A Southern European perspective

ABSTRACT Studying how public administrations proactively search for information from interest groups provides a new perspective for a better understanding of how bureaucratic policymaking works and how civil servants interact with interest groups. Building on data collected through an online survey submitted to approximately 700 high-level public servants in Greece, Italy and Portugal, this paper investigates whether and how organisational and individual policy analytical capacities (dis)incentivise top officials’ solicitation and use of information provided by interest groups in policymaking. The emerging evidence is counter-intuitive: those who seek information from interest groups most frequently are the most competent top officials in the least (individually perceived) competent areas of public administration. Thus, focusing on policy analytical capacities could be very useful for understanding administrative behaviour.

MAPEANDO PESQUISAS NACIONAIS SOBRE DESENGAJAMENTO MORAL NA PERSPECTIVA DA TEORIA SOCIAL COGNITIVA

Moral Disengagement consists in the detachment of moral standards and self-sanctions for committing antisocial and harmful actions to others, without self-condemnation or changes in self-esteem. Based on this concept, it was aimed to obtain a mapping of what was produced on the topic in the Graduate Programs of Brazilian universities over the last ten years (2013-2023). A systematic review was carried out, with a quantitative survey of the studies and their qualitative analysis. The descriptor “moral disengagement” was used to search for theses and dissertations in the CAPES Catalog of Theses and Dissertations, between December 2022 and April 2023. The works were selected, followed by their quantitative and qualitative analysis. Five Doctoral dissertations and 12 Master’s theses were analyzed, defended in ten universities (nine public and one private), mainly from the Southeast and Northeast regions, with emphasis on the State University of Campinas and the Federal University of Maranhão. Studies in the areas of Psychology, Education, Teaching, Administration, Public Security and Scientific and Technological Policy stand out. Data shows more qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and correlational publications. The main topics found were: education, violence, aggression, work, technology. The most cited Moral Disengagement mechanisms were Moral Justification and Victim Blaming. The contributions in the area of Education were related to social aggression, bullying, behavior of helping victims, violence in the school context, racial prejudice in football, helping students and teachers in initial and continuing training to identify, understand, reflect and promote changes in the cognitive mechanisms used in Moral Disengagement.