Administrative Areas Research Articles

'An extra level of kind of torment': Views and experiences of recurrent miscarriage care during the initial phases of COVID-19 in Ireland-A qualitative interview study.

Maternity services underwent much change during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research on the impact on miscarriage care and experiences during this time is sparse. Within a national evaluation of recurrent miscarriage care, we qualitatively explored stakeholder views and experiences of recurrent miscarriage services in Ireland. This study describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on those experiences and perceptions of care. People with professional and lived experience of recurrent miscarriage and service engagement were actively involved in this qualitative study from idea generation to analysis and reporting. We recruited women and men with two or more consecutive first-trimester miscarriages, and people involved in the management/delivery of recurrent miscarriage services and supports. We used purposive sampling to ensure that perspectives across disciplinary or lived experience, geographical, and health service administrative areas, were included. We conducted semi-structured interviews, virtually all due to COVID-19 restrictions, between June 2020 and February 2021. These were audio-recorded, and data were transcribed, and subsequently analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. We interviewed 42 service providers and 13 women and 7 men with experience of recurrent miscarriage. We actively generated two central themes during data analysis. The first-'Disconnected'-describes how many women navigated miscarriage diagnosis and management and care in subsequent pregnancies alone; many felt that this resulted in increased trauma. At the same time, men struggled with not being present to support their partners and described feeling disconnected. The second theme highlighted 'The perceived dispensability of recurrent miscarriage services and supports'. Some service providers felt that service reduction and redeployment demonstrated a lack of value in the service. Virtual clinics facilitated access to services, but a preference for in-person care was highlighted. Our analysis provides rich insights into the significant impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the way recurrent miscarriage care is provided and experienced, with important implications for early pregnancy, miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage care. Services have undergone significant changes and, while these may be temporary, how services should be delivered in the future requires consideration, particularly given the deficits in care and care experiences highlighted prepandemic. Members of the multidisciplinary RE:CURRENT Project Research Advisory Group (including four parent advocates, two of whom are co-authors on this article) were actively involved throughout the study, including the generation of topic guides and the refining of themes.

The Form of Forms: Everyday Enablers of Access to Justice

Forms are vehicles that register the everyday. A bureaucratic form starts a dialogue between an individual and the State in a particular area of public administration. The visual design of bureaucratic forms shapes what is registered and how personal identity is documented in the eyes of the State. This article is situated in the field of administrative justice and argues that we must increase the scope for personal narrative in the design of bureaucratic forms. Meers notes that there has been no sustained research into application forms despite the importance of forms in the administration of the welfare state. By drawing on sociological scholarship on registration and narrative together with socio-legal scholarship on design, the ideas explored offers a novel and interdisciplinary approach to scholarship on the form of forms.

Implikasi Hukum Terhadap Penetapan Tersangka Kembali Setelah Dibatalkan Oleh Putusan Praperadilan

This study aims to find out about . What are the legal provisions for determining suspects as pretrial objects in criminal law and b What are the legal implications for re-determination of suspects after being canceled by a pretrial decision. The data collection method in this study was carried out by literature study, which is a way of collecting data by searching and studying library materials (literature, research results, scientific magazines, scientific bulletins, scientific journals, etc.). Legal materials are collected through inventory procedures and identification of laws and regulations, as well as classification and systematization of legal materials according to research problems. Therefore, the data collection technique used in this study was a literature study. The results of the study show that pretrial is a new thing in the life of law enforcement in Indonesia, has a goal to be upheld and protected, namely protecting the rights of suspects at the level of investigation and prosecution or preventing the arbitrariness of law enforcement officials against someone who is undergoing a legal process and To guarantee the protection of human rights and for law enforcers to carry out their duties consistently, the Criminal Procedure Code establishes a new institution called pretrial. Seeing the contents of the decision as referred to in Article 82 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Procedure Code, that there are 3 (three) types of implementation of pretrial decisions: committing certain acts, paying an amount of money and providing rehabilitation. The legal basis for pretrial authority in deciding the suspect's determination is found in the Constitutional Court (MK) decision No. 21/PUU-XII/2014 which states that the determination of the status of a suspect is included in the object of pretrial and also in its ruling that Article 77 of the Criminal Procedure Code is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and does not have binding legal force as long as the pretrial is not interpreted including determination of suspects, searches , and confiscation. Meanwhile, the background to the addition of pretrial authority in deciding the determination of the suspect is that the determination of the suspect's status is the end result of the investigation activities carried out which are none other than the object of pretrial. Criminal acts after the status of the determination of the suspect is declared invalid in the pretrial decision are basically still valid. Examination in pretrial cases is only in the administrative area of ​​the investigative process. Often the Pretrial decision which cancels the determination of the suspect by the investigator, is based.

GIS-Based Multi Criteria Analysis for Solar Power Plant Site Selection Support in Mecca

One of the major sources of renewable energy, particularly electricity generation and water desalination, is solar energy. The National Initiative to produce Water and Electricity started when the electricity consumption in Saudi Arabia begun to increase by about 5% per year. The current investigation aims to use a multicriteria GIS technique to identify the best spatial location for solar energy collection in the Mecca Administrative District. The best locations for solar power plant construction were determined with the use of a set of factors and criteria, including planning and environmental criteria, and terrain calibrator. These criteria were defined through a thorough literature review. This information was then used to create a digital geographic database, which was incorporated into an integrated GIS to produce a spatial fit model. According to the suitability data, most of Mecca region is ideal for solar energy projects, with an applicability percentage ranging between 30% and 80%. These findings are encouraging and promising for Mecca's renewable energy industry and they should be considered. It was discovered by examining these spatial locations and the level of suitability to the specifications that the lands with a sufficient share of more than 80% form an area of around 4000km2 and makeup 3% of all suitable lands. The governorates of the Mecca Administrative Area are home to most of these exceptionally suited locations. The Taif governorate takes first place with 35% of the total area and the two governorates of Turbah are placed second and third with 24% and 14%. In the Mecca Administrative Area, the appropriate lands for solar energy projects are distributed spatially according to a digital map. The study proposes incorporating the findings into the Saudi national plan for renewable energy sources.

Distribution, Consequences, and Determinants of Time to Antibiotics in Children With Community-Onset Severe Bacterial Infection: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Population-Based Study.

To describe the distribution, consequences and potential determinants of time to antibiotics administration in children with community-onset severe bacterial infections (COSBIs). Secondary analysis of the available data from a prospective population-based study from 2009 to 2014. An administrative area in western France accounting for 13% of the national pediatric population. All children from 1 month to 16 years old admitted to a PICU or who died before admission and had a COSBI. None. The time to antibiotics was divided into patient interval (from first signs of COSBI to the first medical consultation) and medical interval (from the first consultation to appropriate antibiotics administration). The association between the medical interval and child outcome was studied by a multinomial logistic regression model and the potential determinants of the patient and medical intervals were by a Cox proportional-hazards model. Of the 227 children included (median age 2.1 yr), 22 died (9.7%), and 21 (9.3%) had severe sequelae at PICU discharge. Median patient and medical intervals were 7.0 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 2.0-16.5 hr) and 3.3 hours (IQR, 1.1-12.2 hr), respectively. The last quartile of medical interval was not associated with death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.7; 95% CI, 0.8-17.5) or survival with severe sequelae (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.4-4.0) versus survival without severe sequelae. Patient interval was shorter in younger children (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99), and medical interval was reduced when the first consultation was conducted in a hospital (aHR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.0) versus outpatient medicine. For children with COSBI, we found no significant association between medical interval and mortality or severe sequelae. An initial hospital referral could help reduce the time to antibiotics in COSBIs.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF NEW HYPERTENSION AND EARLY VASCULAR AGING: A REPORT FROM MAY MEASUREMENT MONTH 2019 SCREENING PROGRAMME IN BULGARIA

Objective: Hypertension remains a major public health issue with inadequate control worldwide. The May Measurement Month (MMM) initiative by the International Society of Hypertension was implemented in Bulgaria in 2019 aiming to raise hypertension awareness and control. Increased arterial stiffness may indicate high cardiovascular risk, but little is known about its prevalence at the population level. Design and method: Adult volunteers (>18 years) were recruited through opportunistic screening in 21 of 28 administrative areas in the country. Information on medical history and triplicate sitting blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained using validated automated upperarm devices. Aortic pulse wave velocity (aoPWV) was estimated, using age, systolic BP, and waveform characteristics. Using age-specific percentiles from a nonhypertensive group, we defined healthy (HVA) and early (EVA) vascular aging. Results: A total of 3678 participants were analyzed [mean age 58.8±16.5 years, men 37.2%, 71.2% had BP measurement in the last 12 months]. Mean BP was 135/82 mm Hg. In all, 45.4% of participants had elevated BPs (>140/90 mm Hg), 58.3% out of 1910 participants with known hypertension, and 31.4% out of 1768 participants without known hypertension. In all, 4,67% of participants had aoPWV below 10th reference percentile (HVA), with a negligible proportion above 50 years. In total, 40.5% were above the 90th reference percentile (EVA), with proportions rising from one-quarter in youngest partcipants bellow 50 to one-half in oldest participants. In participants with EVA, BP was elevated during the measurement in 82.6%. Among participants without established HTN, according to European guidelines in 18.4 % BP was elevated, when measured during the campaign. The lowest proportion of newly diagnosed hypertension was found in HVA group – 4.8% and the highest 30% in EVA group. Figure 1 gives information for blood pressure measured according to quintiles of vascular aging groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension in Bulgaria is high, with considerable potential for improving awareness, treatment, and control. The high prevalence of early vascular aging and higher incidence of newly diagnosed hypertension in this group of patient at early age is alarming.

Methodological provision of improving the system of location of monitoring points for atmospheric air pollution in agglomerations

Goal. The evaluation of current atmospheric air monitoring system effectiveness in the territory of the Dnipro agglomerations and improvement methodological approaches to the placement of observation points in accordance with the current requirements of the legislation of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union in the field of environmental protection. Research methodology. A comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the current system of assessing the level of pollution of the atmosphere of inhabited cities was carried out; statistical analysis – to evaluate the dynamics of pollutants from the emissions of industrial enterprises and vehicles; geospatial analysis – to justify the locations of additional observation posts based on cartographic data. Research results. The dynamics of pollutants from the emissions of industrial enterprises and vehicles were evaluated. A critical analysis of the current atmospheric air monitoring system has been conducted. The location of different types of observation points for the agglomeration of Dnipro is proposed. Scientific novelty. For the first time for the agglomeration of the Dnieper, the location of additional observation points, taking into account the location of the platforms of industrial enterprises and the volume of gross emissions of priority pollutants from the main sources of atmospheric pollution, as well as data on the number and density of the population in administrative areas of the city and characteristics etc. Practical meaning. The approach proposed in the work will provide information on the quality of the atmospheric air both by current domestic standards and regulations and international, which will facilitate the expansion of the panel network of atmospheric air monitoring on the territory of Ukraine.

Development of Cooperatives in Increasing Cooperative Business

The existence of cooperative units, both in the wider community and in private and government institutions or agencies, is very much needed and contributes significantly to its members in meeting their needs and economic activities. In order for cooperative units to maintain their existence and continue to develop, supporting rules and policies are needed, professional and optimal management as well as active and maximum member participation. This research is of a qualitative type, which aims to provide an overview of what factors influence the development of cooperatives to increase business in cooperatives in Mojokerto City. The sampling procedure in a survey is representative of the population. The basis for taking samples for surveys can be divided into at least three, namely systematic, random, or purposive sampling. The population in this study are all cooperatives in the administrative area of Mojokerto City in 2021. The total population is 175 cooperatives. The sampling technique used in this study was Stratified Random Sampling. Stratified random sampling was carried out because the population was not homogeneous. The development of cooperatives in the City of Mojokerto seen from membership has increased the number of members. This is very beneficial, because one of the indicators for the advancement of cooperatives is that more and more people become members of cooperatives. The Municipal Government of Mojokerto through the Office of Cooperatives & UKM has carried out coaching aimed at increasing cooperative business and strengthening cooperative institutions so that cooperatives function according to their objectives.
 Keywords: Work Ability, Coordination, Work Environment and Performance.

Dimensions and dynamics of spatial wage inequality in Seoul, 2006 to 2018

ABSTRACT This study analysed the dimensions and patterns of spatial wage income inequality in Seoul from 2006 to 2018. A Theil decomposition was applied to National Health Insurance Service administrative big data of all Seoul residents. Three distinct dimensions of spatial wage inequality (‘regional wage income differences’, ‘within-regions income inequality’ and ‘between-regions income inequality’) were confirmed using factor analysis. A subsequent cluster analysis identified four major district patterns of wage inequality evolutions, including a pattern of triple ‘highs’ and another of triple ‘lows’ of average wage income, within-low-level administrative areas (dongs) inequality and between-dongs inequality. These dimensions and dynamic patterns of spatial income inequality in Seoul were interlinked and they co-evolved with the development of the city and community development policies.

The Incidence Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and the Percentage of Deaths among Infected Healthcare Workers in Poland.

(1) Background: The incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Poland is not exactly known. This study aims to present secondary epidemiological data identifying the scale of the spread of novel coronavirus infection and the estimation of vaccination coverage in selected professional groups of HCWs in Poland. (2) Methods: The secondary epidemiological data included both the number of infections and infection fatality rate (IFR) in individual occupational groups, which occurred throughout the observation period (January 2021-July 2022), both in the country and in individual voivodeship (administrative area). (3) Results: The incidence proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCWs was 16.48%. The highest percentage of infected workers concerned laboratory scientists (21.62%) and paramedics (18%). The highest frequency of infections among HCWs occurred in the province of Zachodnio-Pomorskie (18.9%). Due to COVID-19, 558 healthcare workers died during the analysed period, mostly nurses (n = 236) and doctors (n = 200). The results regarding the vaccination coverage of HCWs against COVID-19 indicate the highest percentage of vaccinated were among doctors (83.63%) and the lowest among physiotherapists (38.2%). (4) Conclusions: In general, the percentage of infections was high in Poland during the pandemic (16.48%). Significant territorial differences were observed in the frequency of infections, deaths, and percentage of vaccinated workers in individual voivodeships.

Evaluating Carbon Footprint of Proton Therapy Based on Power Consumption and Possible Mitigation Strategies

There is increasing concern about rising carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their hazardous effect on human health. This study quantifies the energy utilization of proton therapy, assesses the corresponding carbon footprint, and discusses possible offsetting strategies toward carbon-neutral health care operations. Patients treated between July 2020 and June 2021 using the Mevion proton system were evaluated. Current measurements were converted to kilowatts of power consumption. Patients were reviewed for disease, dose, number of fractions, and duration of beam. The Environmental Protection Agency calculator was used to convert power consumption to tons of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) for scope-based carbon footprint accounting. There were 185 patients treated and a total of 5176 fractions delivered (average, 28). Power consumption was 55.8 kW in standby/night mode and 64.4 kW during BeamOn, for an annual total of 490 MWh. BeamOn time was 149.6 hours, and BeamOn consumption accounted for 2% of the machine total. Power consumption was 52 kWh per patient (breast, highest at 140 kWh; prostate, lowest at 28 kWh). Annual power consumption of the administrative areas was approximately 96 MWh, for a program total of 586 MWh. The carbon footprint for BeamOn time was 4.17 metric tons of CO2e, or 23 kg per patient course (breast cancer, 60 kg; prostate, 12 kg). The annual carbon footprint for the machine was 212.2 tons CO2e, and for the proton program, 253.7 tons CO2e, with an attributed footprint of 1372 kg CO2e per patient. The corresponding CO2e offset for the program could be 4192 new trees planted and grown for 10 years (23 trees per patient). The carbon footprint varied by disease treated. On average, the carbon footprint was 23 kg of CO2e per patient and 253.7 tons of CO2e for the proton program. There are a number of reduction, mitigation, and offset strategies possible for radiation oncologists that should be explored, such as waste minimization, less treatment commuting, efficient energy use, and renewable electricity power use.

GLA GENE MUTATION IN PATIENTS WITH FABRY DISEASE

Introduction: For the first time in the Lenkoran-Astara administrative area of Azerbaijan Republic, a genetic screening was conducted on patients with cardiomyopathies to identify Fabry metabolic disease. The screening involved the assessment of alpha-galactosidase enzyme activity and the globotriasylsphingosine level. This article aims to present the results of the screening and the subsequent molecular genetic analysis of the GLA gene in the identified patients. Materials and Methods. The genetic screening was based on applying fluorimetry and liquid chromatography methods. The Sanger sequencing technique was employed for direct sequencing of the GLA gene, enabling the detection of existing mutations. This technique was developed in CENTOGENE laboratories, Rostock, Germany. The initial tests were conducted at the Centogene laboratory in Rostock, Germany, followed by further testing at the GENOM clinical laboratory in Baku, Azerbaijan Republic. Ultrasonic and echocardiography studies were performed simultaneously with blood sampling at the central regional hospital. Results: 21 individuals out of 76 involved in the study had a deficiency in αgalactosidase enzyme activity and elevated levels of globotriasylsphingosine, indicative of Fabry disease. Among them, seven women exhibited X-linked inheritance as heterozygous, and three men were identified as homozygous. Molecular genetic analysis revealed two different mutations in the GLA gene: 801+3A>G and 137 A>G. To prevent Fabry disease, it is recommended to screen family members of affected individuals for α-galactosidase enzyme activity. Conclusion: This study represents the first genetic screening for Fabry disease conducted in the Azerbaijan Republic among patients with cardiological diseases. 21 individuals out of 76 examined patients were identified as having Fabry disease and carrying two different GLA gene mutations: c.801+3A>G and c.137A>G. The obtained genetic results will aid cardiologists to make accurate diagnosis and to select appropriate management for patients with cardiomyopathy, considering the presence of Fabry disease, as well as enabling prenatal foetus diagnostics during pregnancies in families at genetic risk.

Discretion in Terms of Digitalization

Currently, information technologies are being developed and introduced into various spheres of public relations. State regulation and the judicial system are no exception. In this regard, not only the formats of legal relations are changing, but also traditional approaches in justice and administrative regulation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of discretion in various kinds of relations and the political and legal system. Separately, the issues of judicial discretion and internal conviction of the judge in the conditions of digitalization are investigated. The purpose of this work is to determine legal decisions based on information technology and the implementation of judicial discretion in modern conditions. The above goal is realized by identifying the reasons for the lack of an effective assessment of discretion in various areas of public administration. The research methods are formal-legal, logical, and systematic. Brief conclusions are the need to develop legal discretion in modern national realities. The authors distinguish between the content of “judicial discretion” and “internal conviction” of a judge from the perspective of the implementation of professional activity in the conditions of digitalization and technologization of justice. The necessity and efforts of the leading role of the court (in the person of a particular judge) from the perspective of the emergence of various kinds of risks with the widespread use of digital products, as this contributes to the abuse of the law, are noted.

Land Use Development of Bahuluang Island as a Leading Tourism Object in Selayar Regency, South Sulawesi

The Republic of Indonesia is an archipelagic country made up of 16,771 islands. The 314 islands are within the administrative area of ​​South Sulawesi Province. Bahuluang Island in the Selayar Islands Regency is one of them, which has rare resources that have not been utilized optimally as a source of driving the economy for the welfare of the people. This island has coral reef islands, white sand islands, and beautiful white sand beaches. Its natural conditions are very attractive and have the potential to be developed into a world-class tourist area. What is the academic perspective on the potential of this island to become a world-class tourist area, and how the development concept is right for it is a research problem. The aim is to reveal the potential and strategy for developing the area and its development model to become a world-class maritime potential-based tourism area. The method used is logical argumentation analyzed using the SWOT method. The results of the study revealed that Bahuluang Island has the potential to be developed into a marine tourism area with an all-in-one tourism concept. Its natural tourism landscape has the potential to create purely natural, traditional, modern, to extreme tourism activities. The existence of great opportunities for all-around tourism on this island can be presented side by side with marine tourism in the scarcity of coral islands and white sand islands to become world-class tourist areas. The potential of human resources as island property owners is a sizeable asset in supporting the presence of a tourist area in its place. The development strategy can be carried out by involving the community as the main part as owners of capital, which are protected by the management and control authority of the area and driven by third parties from investors together with supporting institutions in the protection of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. The concept of building facilities must become a rare world tourism tour.

Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Bencana Banjir dan Pemetaannya Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of flood locations in the Rokan Hulu regional administrative area and to determine the socio-economic impact of flooded households by modeling the distribution of flood locations based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The population is residential residents of Rokan Hulu Regency and floodplain sampling points located in the floodplains. The possibility of a flood disaster in Rokan Hulu Regency is very vulnerable and is divided into 16 districts. The research data was evaluated using point analysis method. There are two types of spatial mapping used, namely spatial mapping and spatial overlay. Spatial mapping is a description of conditions on a map, while spatial overlay is an analysis of several maps to create a new map. This mapping produces a flood hazard map, as well as a combination of point analysis and coverage analysis.

Exploring the Spatial Relative Risk of COVID-19 in Berlin-Neukölln.

Identifying areas with high and low infection rates can provide important etiological clues. Usually, areas with high and low infection rates are identified by aggregating epidemiological data into geographical units, such as administrative areas. This assumes that the distribution of population numbers, infection rates, and resulting risks is constant across space. This assumption is, however, often false and is commonly known as the modifiable area unit problem. This article develops a spatial relative risk surface by using kernel density estimation to identify statistically significant areas of high risk by comparing the spatial distribution of address-level COVID-19 cases and the underlying population at risk in Berlin-Neukölln. Our findings show that there are varying areas of statistically significant high and low risk that straddle administrative boundaries. The findings of this exploratory analysis further highlight topics such as, e.g., Why were mostly affluent areas affected during the first wave? What lessons can be learned from areas with low infection rates? How important are built structures as drivers of COVID-19? How large is the effect of the socio-economic situation on COVID-19 infections? We conclude that it is of great importance to provide access to and analyse fine-resolution data to be able to understand the spread of the disease and address tailored health measures in urban settings.

How binding are binding guidelines? An analytical framework

AbstractGuidelines are a type of “soft law” that play an important role in contemporary public administration. Despite the propagation of guidelines in recent decades, their legal effects are often difficult to classify. Clearly, guidelines are neither legislation nor delegated or subordinate legislation, but they are nonetheless designed to influence people's behaviour. Distinguishing binding from non‐binding guidelines is an important issue because the permissible scope of their use often depends on bindingness. Yet there is no analytical framework available to determine bindingness. To fill this gap in the literature, I develop an analytical framework consisting of three indicia which help to distinguish binding guidelines from non‐binding guidelines: the presence or absence of imperative language, the level of detail and precision and the extent of effects on third parties. With the help of numerous examples drawn from the Canadian legal system, I explain how to distinguish binding from non‐binding guidelines, bringing analytical clarity to an important area of contemporary public administration.

Chronic kidney disease prevalence and awareness in middle age and young old: Regional comparative study in Japan.

Patients with chronic kidney disease are not aware of the illness because of its asymptomatic nature, but the association of disease progression and awareness in general population has not been sufficiently analysed on a large scale. We analysed the nationwide annual specific health checkup covering more than a half of the overall population at aged 40-74 in Japan, approximately 29.4 million people as of 2018, in combination with parameters to represent regional characteristics. The rate of the examinees with kidney dysfunction, an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 , was 1.0%, while that of examinees with of dipstick proteinuria ≥ (+) was 3.7%. Next, we conducted a regional comparative study on 335 medical administrative areas divided in the country. The regional rate of examinees aged 65-74 over the total examinees was positively correlated with the prevalence of kidney dysfunction (r = 0.72, p < .0001). Additionally, the mean rate of examinees aware of their 'chronic kidney failure' was 0.6%, and the awareness rate was correlated with the prevalence of both kidney dysfunction (r = 0.36, p < .001) and positive dipstick proteinuria (r = 0.31, p < .001) in those aged 65-74 at the regional level. Association of nephrology care resources with the prevalence or awareness was unclear at the regional level. We found a regional association of chronic kidney disease prevalence and awareness in a recent young old population in Japan. Further studies are needed to evaluate the patient screen and referral at the individual level.

PELATIHAN MICROSOFT OFFICE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA APARATUR DESA SUNTENJAYA

Suntenjaya Village is a village with land conditions in the form of slopes/ridges. Suntenjaya Village which is included in the administrative area of ​​Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. Suntenjaya Village which is included in the administrative area of ​​Lembang District, West Bandung Regency. The residents of Suntenjaya village are generally engaged in agriculture and labor. Fewer people who work as farmers, farm labore rs, day laborers, and private workers. The village government is the village head or what is called by another name related to the village apparatus, Suntenjaya village officials are still not familiar with information technology, among others in the computer world. Seeing the job opportunities above, the village apparatus needs to be given knowledge in supporting their work and activities, to facilitate their work in managing village administration, and to be able to convey their knowledge to the community in their environment. Village officials will be given computer introduction materials which are then equipped with Microsoft Office applications. The goal is to provide training, improve and develop knowledge about village officials and involve the role of teachers in education as a form of community service carrying out the duties of the Tri-Dharma of Higher Education. The method used is the method of practice and question and answer. So that after training, village officials can operate computers and use Microsoft Office well. Computer training on Sukadaya village apparatus, can be used to manage computers properly and master Microsoft Office, to improve performance and be able to compete in the era of globalization.

Revisiting the role of secondary towns: How different types of urban growth relate to poverty in Indonesia

There is increasing interest in assessing whether big city growth has effects that differ from the effects of secondary town growth, especially in terms of impacts on poverty. It can be difficult to study these issues with typical sub-national economic data because urban growth often occurs outside the administrative boundaries of cities. An emerging literature therefore uses remote sensing to measure patterns of urban growth without being restricted by limitations of data for administrative areas. We add to this literature by combining poverty estimates from annual socio-economic surveys fielded from 2011 to 2019 with remote sensing data on night-time lights for 41 big cities and for secondary towns in 497 Indonesian districts. We measure growth on the extensive (lit area) and intensive (brightness within lit area) margins, and distinguish between growth of big cities and of secondary towns and our spatial econometric models allow global and local spillovers. The extensive margin growth of secondary towns is associated with lower rates of poverty but no similar association holds for big city growth. These patterns corroborate earlier findings from India. Potential productivity advantages of big cities and concerns about agricultural land loss to expanding towns may imply that urban growth patterns that favour big cities are warranted, while on the other hand these new results suggest, from a poverty reduction point of view, that policies to favour secondary towns may be warranted. Policymakers in countries like Indonesia therefore face difficult trade-offs when developing their urbanization strategies.