Administrative Areas Research Articles

The effect of anthropogenic activities on the behavior of novel brominated flame retardants in surface soil of Northern China urbanized zone

Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have emerged as an alternative to traditional brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and may pose risks to the environment and human health. However, the distribution pattern of NBFRs in urbanized zones and their association with multiple socioeconomic variables have not been adequately explored. Herein, seven NBFRs were investigated in surface soil samples from Tianjin, China, a typical urbanized area. The ∑7NBFRs ranged from n.d. to 101 ng/g, dry weight (dw) (mean: 12.6 ± 17.6 ng/g dw), which exhibited a relatively elevated level compared to NBFRs in soils from other regions worldwide. Decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) was the main contaminant, and its concentration ranged from 0.378 to 99 ng/g, dry weight (dw) (mean: 11.4 ± 17.0 ng/g dw), accounting for 81 % of the ∑7NBFRs. Notably, NBFRs exhibited peak concentrations within residential zones, significantly surpassing those recorded in the remaining four regions (green, farmland, water environment and other) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the concentration of NBFRs in the soil of the Binhai New District within Tianjin was the highest, significantly exceeding that of other administrative areas, which was closely related to the intensive industrial activities in this region. The above results indicate that human activities are a key factor affecting the concentration of NBFRs in the soil. Moreover, a variety of statistical methods were employed to investigate the correlation between socioeconomic variables and the distribution of NBFRs. The concentration of NBFRs showed a significant correlation with population density and the gross domestic product (GDP) (p < 0.05), and the incorporation of administrative regional planning into structural equation models demonstrated an indirect influence on the spatial distribution of NBFRs concentration, mediated by its impact on population density. These results emphasize the association between NBFRs contamination and the degree of urbanization, thereby providing valuable insights for assessing the exposure risk of NBFRs among urban residents.

침략전쟁 시기(1931~1945) 朝鮮 馬政計劃의 추이와 건마보국운동

This study focuses on Colonial-Korean horse administration during the period of aggressive war (1931-1945) and analyzes: ①The progress of the 'Second Phase Korean Horse Production Plan' which began after the Manchurian War(1931).②The twists and turns surrounding the establishment of the 'First Phase Korean Horse Administration Plan' led by the Governor-General of Chosen before and after the Sino-Japanese War.③ The failure of the privately-driven horse production policies during the Pacific War, including the emotional movement such as the “Healthy Horse National Service Movement” and the process of frugal mobilization. These analyses confirm the deceptive nature of the colonial horse administration. To summarize the findings: Following the Manchurian Incident, the demand for military horses increased, leading the Governor-General’s office to plan ‘the first phase of horse production’ starting in 1932. This plan aimed to increase the number of military-eligible horses to 30,000, focusing on the three northern provinces of Korea. However, from 1935, Japan urged the Governor-General to expand the number of horses to 40,000 over an 18-year period. This was known as Japan's 'Second Phase Horse Administration Plan (1932-1936)'. Japan dismissed the Governor-General’s request for financial support and demanded an increase of 50,000 horses over the 18 years. In response, the Governor- General claimed that the 'reality of Korea' justified a target of increasing 30,000 horses over 15 years. After about a year of negotiation, the Korean Horse Administration 15-Year Plan was settled, aiming to increase the number of horses by 40,000 over 15 years. However, due to financial issues, the plan did not fully begin implementation until 1939. In the case of Hamnam, the second horse administration area, the plan was to secure approximately 16,000 horses from 1939 to 1951, primarily through the importation of about 9,000 horses from Japan. The plan emphasized importation over domestic production. In reality, the increase in the number of horses did not proceed as planned. The number of horses showed a decreasing trend up until 1938, and the numbers of donkeys and mules sharply declined until 1943. After 1938, Japan reduced Korea's role in its horse administration plans and increased the focus on Manchuria, leading to a stagnation of the plan. The Governor-General attributed this failure not to policy issues but to a lack of knowledge or enthusiasm among private breeders. With the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Governor-General anticipated a surge in demand for military horses. Consequently, the responsibilities of the existing 'Korean Horse Administration 15-Year Plan' were transferred to the semi-official private organization, the Korean Horse Society, and the National Mobilization Association, in an attempt to increase the voluntary efforts of horse production. The Korean Horse Society was established on April 1, 1942. However, its establishment undermined the plan to increase military-eligible horses through breeding with high-quality horses from Japan. Instead, the focus shifted to a so-called 'Korean Horse Mobilization Policy', which aimed to convert existing Korean horses into military horses. Yet, by early 1944, the increase in military horses had not been achieved according to the plan. As noted in the Korean Horse Society Chairman’s address on March 1, 1944, during the Healthy Horse National Service Movement, many of the horses in the horse administration area were 'useless broken-down horses.' In summary, while the Governor-General boasted about increasing the number of military horses to 40,000, the priority from the beginning was mobilizing Korean horses and importing Japanese horses rather than actual production. Even the Korean military did not trust Korean horses and preferred mobilization and importation over production.

KAJIAN KAPAL BERBENDERA INDONESIA YANG MELAKUKAN PENANGKAPAN IKAN TANPA SURAT IZIN PENANGKAPAN IKAN ANDON DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG PERIKANAN

Andon Fishing Permit is a written permit that must be owned by every fishing vessel to catch fish outside its administrative domicile area, but there are still parties who catch fish outside their domicile without an Andon SIPI as in Decision Number 23/Pid.Sus-PRK/2021/PN Lbj. The problem is 1) How are fishing business activities carried out by Indonesian-flagged vessels without an Andon Fishing Permit in Decision Number 23/Pid.Sus-PRK/2021/PN Lbj. reviewed from the Fisheries Law? 2) Is the Decision of the Labuan Bajo District Court Number 23/Pid.Sus-PRK/2021/PN Lbj. in accordance with the Fisheries Law? This normative legal research. The research shows that fishing outside the administrative domicile without an Andon Fishing Permit (SIPI) is prohibited under Law Number 45 of 2009 in conjunction with Ministerial Regulation KP Number 25 of 2020. Decision Number 23/Pid.Sus-PRK/2021/PN Lbj. aligns with Article 27 paragraph 1 of the Fisheries Law 2009. The conclusion is that fishing without a permit violates the Fisheries Law, and the court's decision complies with the legal provisions.

Microscale Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) Distribution Estimated at the City Scale: A Case Study in Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture, Japan

Global warming and climate change are significantly impacting local climates, causing more intense heat during the summer season, which poses risks to individuals with pre-existing health conditions and negatively affects overall human health. While various studies have examined the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) phenomenon, these studies often focus on small to large geographic regions using low-to-moderate-resolution data, highlighting general thermal trends across large administrative areas. However, there is a growing need for methods that can detect microscale thermal patterns in environments familiar to urban residents, such as streets and alleys. The temperature-humidity index (THI), which incorporates both temperature and humidity data, serves as a critical measure of human-perceived heat. However, few studies have explored microscale THI variations within urban settings and identified potential THI hotspots at a local level where SUHI effects are pronounced. This research aims to address this gap by estimating THI at a finer resolution scale using data from multiple sensor platforms. We developed a model with the random forest algorithm to assess THI trends at a resolution of 0.5 m, utilizing various variables from different sources, including Landsat 8 land surface temperature (LST), unmanned aerial system (UAS)-derived LST, Sentinel-2 NDVI and NDMI, a wind exposure index, solar radiation modeled from aircraft and UAS-derived Digital Surface Models, and vehicle density and building floor area from social big data. Two models were constructed with different variables: Modelnatural, which includes variables related to only natural factors, and Modelmix, which includes all variables, including anthropogenic factors. The two models were compared to reveal how each source contributes to the model development and SUHI effects. The results show significant improvements, as Modelnatural had a fitting R2 = 0.5846, a root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.5936 and a mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.4294. Moreover, when anthropogenic factors were introduced, Modelmix performed even better, with R2 = 0.9638, RMSE = 0.1751, and MAE = 0.1065 (n = 923). This study contributes to the future of microscale SUHI analysis and offers important insights into urban planning and smart city development.

Developing two-dimensional indicators of transport demand and supply to promote sustainable transportation equity

Inadequate supply of transport infrastructure is often seen as a barrier to a sustainable future for cities globally. Such barriers often perpetuate significant inequalities in who can and who cannot benefit from sustainable transport opportunities, and as a result there is momentum for transformative urban planning to promote sustainable transportation equity. This study introduces a new set of two-dimensional indicators, merging elements of supply and demand, to identify barriers and imbalances in sustainable transport equity. The accessibility indicators, which are generated for bus, rail, and cycle infrastructure, consider the proximity of administrative areas to good quality transport infrastructure, as well as mode-specific demand, to clearly identify areas where the supply of infrastructure is inadequate to support local populations. We present a policy case study for Liverpool City Region, which demonstrates how these indicators can be used in an analytical framework to support transformative urban planning in long-term. In particular, the indicators reveal policy priority areas where demand for sustainable transport is greater than supply, as well as neighbourhoods where multiple transport inequalities are intersecting spatially, highlighting the need for specific types of infrastructure investment to promote sustainable transport equity (e.g. more frequent services, additional cycle paths). Our framework lays the foundations for improved decision-making in urban systems, through development of mode-specific sustainable transport indicators at small area levels, which harmonise elements of supply and demand for the first time.

Standardizing Attention Process Training-III for a Multisite Clinical Trial of Neuromodulation.

The Control Network Neuromodulation to Enhance Cognitive Training in Complex Traumatic Brain Injury (CONNECT-TBI) study is an ongoing randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled multisite clinical trial to determine the enhancing effects of noninvasive neuromodulation when paired with cognitive training in military participants (Veterans and active duty) with mild TBI. Attention Process Training-III (APT-III) was selected for its strong evidence base, manualized procedures, and computerized program. However, many aspects of APT-III that make it ideal for personalization make it less ideal for reliable implementation across participants, clinicians/technicians, and sites. The purpose of this feature article is to highlight APT-III procedures that require additional standardization for reliable administration across participants and sites. Ten studies using APT-III were reviewed for methodology of APT-III administration. The manual was also scrutinized; aspects of administration that involved clinical decision-making, subjectivity, flexibility, and/or that were identified by the APT-III developers as areas in need of "empirical evaluation" were flagged by clinicians. Literature and manual review findings were presented to the team for discussion and solution-finding. The authors created and refined a standardized process that would allow participants to move through APT-III training, including task movement algorithms and new materials drafts. Refining of algorithms and drafts continued until there was a consensus from team members. Many gray areas were identified, but we will limit our reporting to focus on (1) dosage, (2) adaptation, (3) metacognitive strategy instruction, and (4) goal attainment scaling. We present APT-III manual details, literature review findings, and CONNECT-TBI decisions and materials for each of these areas of focus. We have highlighted some of the major gray areas of APT-III administration so that fellow researchers can understand the need to take similar steps in clinical trials using APT-III. We provide examples of our standardization process and resultant rules and materials. Our algorithm, based on prior studies using the APT-III and our own iterative adjustments, allows for adjustment of the difficulty and speed of the training tasks (but within certain parameters) in order to achieve the best balance between individualization and consistency across participants and sites. We provide an example of a workflow and reporting process for future studies.

Kedudukan dan Fungsi Camat Sebagai Penghubung Pemerintahan Kabupaten dengan Pemerintahan Desa Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2018” Tentang Kecamatan

This study analyzes the position and function of the sub-district as a liaison between the district and the village government according to government regulation No. 17 of 2018 concerning sub-districts in Hawu sub-district, Sabu Raijua district. The method used in this study is the empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data. The administration of the government of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial areas and the provincial area is divided into districts and cities, where each province, district and city has a regional government, which is regulated by law. The implementation of local government in the sub-district has undergone a change in status, which was initially an administrative area, now it is the work area of the sub-district as a district apparatus in terms of public services. A series of other changes also occurred, such as in the main duties and authorities in the sub-district. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) What is the position and function of the sub-district head in the sub-district government according to Government Regulation Number 17 of 2018?, and (2) What are the factors that affect the sub-district head in carrying out its duties, and its functions according to Government Regulation Number 17 of 2018?. From the results of the research, the researcher can conclude that the position of the sub-district and sub-district in coordinating the relationship between the district government and the village government according to government regulation Number 17 of 2018. The position of the sub-district is no longer a unit of government power, but as a unit of work or service area and the inhibiting factor that can affect the function and duties of the sub-district head lies in the human factor, this human factor is divided into several elements including the sub-district, village head and community leaders among the three elements there is only one element that provides an inhibited influence on the duties and functions of the sub-district, These elements are the elements of the village head, the existence of village heads whose technological capabilities are lacking or what is commonly called technological stuttering (Gaptek) resulting in inhibition of communication through online considering that technology is now increasingly sophisticated, so the use of technology is indeed highly recommended to facilitate online communication between the sub-district head and the village head.

GLocal: A global development dataset of subnational administrative areas

The purpose of the GLocal dataset is to enable research in international development that requires both global scope and local precision. Leveraging modern geospatial analysis tools, we process a diverse array of sources to provide researchers with a growing set of economic, demographic, ecological and socio-political variables for geographic units relevant to public policy. We provide separate data files for different levels of administrative and periodic aggregation, along with ad-hoc files with more detailed information on specific topics. In this data descriptor paper, we discuss both our data processing methodologies and validation pipelines, and provide a short case study to illustrate the research potential of the dataset. We also introduce a simple web app, glocal.streamlit.app, which offers a user-friendly interface for exploring and visualizing the dataset. Given the growing number of public and granular sources of relevance for international development research, we hope to continue adding features and expand the GLocal dataset in the future.

Analysis of the Current Situation of the Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia and the Factors Affecting It: An Empirical Study

The construction industry in Saudi Arabia has been modernized through the implementation of green building technologies and intelligent building systems, which have facilitated the sustainable development of the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. However, there is a paucity of research on the current situation of the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. In this study, the super-efficient epsilon-based measurement (EBM)–Malmquist model was used to measure the static and dynamic efficiency of the construction industry in the administrative areas of the 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia from 2013 to 2022, and the Tobit model was used to empirically analyze the factors affecting the efficiency of the industry. In addition, the spatial autocorrelation of the efficiency of the industry was analyzed using Moran’s Index (MI) to study the characteristics of the spatial distribution of industrial efficiency as well as the effectiveness of resource allocation. The study shows that Saudi Arabia’s construction industry is at a low level of development; the population, GDP, and carbon dioxide emissions have a significant impact on the efficiency of the industry; and the development of the industry can help to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, thus promoting environmental sustainability; Saudi Arabia’s construction industry has a spatial spillover effect but does not have a significant agglomeration effect. This study accurately identifies the current situation of the development of the construction industry in Saudi Arabia and proposes several countermeasures and opinions, which are expected to provide a theoretical basis for realizing its sustainable development.

Identifying Medicine Shortages With the Twitter Social Network: Retrospective Observational Study.

Early identification is critical for mitigating the impact of medicine shortages on patients. The internet, specifically social media, is an emerging source of health data. This study aimed to explore whether a routine analysis of data from the Twitter social network can detect signals of a medicine shortage and serve as an early warning system and, if so, for which medicines or patient groups. Medicine shortages between January 31 and December 1, 2019, were collected from the Dutch pharmacists' society's national catalog Royal Dutch Pharmacists Association (KNMP) Farmanco. Posts on these shortages were collected by searching for the name, the active pharmaceutical ingredient, or the first word of the brand name of the medicines in shortage. Posts were then selected based on relevant keywords that potentially indicated a shortage and the percentage of shortages with at least 1 post was calculated. The first posts per shortage were analyzed for their timing (median number of days, including the IQR) versus the national catalog, also stratified by disease and medicine characteristics. The content of the first post per shortage was analyzed descriptively for its reporting stakeholder and the nature of the post. Of the 341 medicine shortages, 102 (29.9%) were mentioned on Twitter. Of these 102 shortages, 18 (5.3% of the total) were mentioned prior to or simultaneous to publication by KNMP Farmanco. Only 4 (1.2%) of these were mentioned on Twitter more than 14 days before. On average, posts were published with a median delay of 37 (IQR 7-81) days to publication by KNMP Farmanco. Shortages mentioned on Twitter affected a greater number of patients and lasted longer than those that were not mentioned. We could not conclusively relate either the presence or absence on Twitter to a disease area or route of administration of the medicine in shortage. The first posts on the 102 shortages were mainly published by patients (n=51, 50.0%) and health care professionals (n=46, 45.1%). We identified 8 categories of nature of content. Sharing personal experience (n=44, 43.1%) was the most common category. The Twitter social network is not a suitable early warning system for medicine shortages. Twitter primarily echoes already-known information rather than spreads new information. However, Twitter or potentially any other social media platform provides the opportunity for future qualitative research in the increasingly important field of medicine shortages that investigates how a larger population of patients is affected by shortages.

Mapping the past with historical geographic information systems: layered characteristics of the historic urban landscape of Nanjing, China, since the Ming Dynasty (1368–2024)

The layering process of the historic urban landscape (HUL) has spatial and temporal characteristics. With the help of digital technology, building a database to collect and manage spatial information on HUL is an effective research method. Taking Nanjing since the Ming Dynasty (1368–2024) as an example, our paper proposes a framework for constructing a historical geographic information system (HGIS) for HUL. The results show that (1) ancient Chinese historical archives have good potential for use in the construction of historical landscape databases. The HGIS can visualize the evolution of HUL and realize the storage, expression, querying, and analysis of information in different formats. (2) The Republic of China is a turning point in the evolution of Nanjing’s HUL. In terms of spatial evolution, the main distribution areas of urban form and characteristic places, as well as the NACH (normalized angular choice) and NAIN (normalized angular integration) cores of the road network, all moved from the south to the north of the city. In terms of typological evolution, the urban form changes from a predominantly residential area to one that emphasizes residential, administrative, educational and industrial areas. The main types of characteristic places shifted from house gardens, temples and ancestral halls to scenic buildings and public gardens. (3) Political factors, urban planning, commercial ports, and land prices influence the layering process of the HUL. The constructed database guides the preservation of HUL from the digital heritage perspective and the construction of other historical databases with spatial characteristics.

Profile of the corporate psychopath: Analysis of the literature review

The research on corporate psychopaths is motivated by the scarcity of studies in the area of administration, especially in Brazil, and by the author's experiences in the labor market, where he witnessed unethical behavior. The objective is to investigate the definitions, profile and characteristics of the corporate psychopath in the specialized literature. The methodology adopted was the bibliographic review of books, websites and scientific articles, with descriptive and qualitative analysis of the data. The results revealed that the topic is controversial and has been studied for years in psychiatry and psychology, but little explored in administration. There is a consensus that corporate psychopaths cause disturbances in organizations and negatively influence the organizational climate. The research contributes to the understanding of this profile and its implications in the work environment, filling the knowledge gap in the area of administration.

Theoretical-methodological aspects of researching the area of religion and public administration

This article, commissioned by the editors of Public Policy and Administration, contributes to the theoretical and methodological groundworks for the development of research in religion and public administration. It does so in three ways. The first part contrasts different approaches to defining the concept of religion, those from the vantage of academic observers against those from within religious traditions themselves. Several theoretical and methodological challenges for public administration follow. Part two sets out two theoretical concerns; first, the role of religious belief in intentional explanations of public administration activity; second, the institutionalised position of secularity in the recently freighted concept of a religious regime. Part three identifies a clutch of methodological concerns associated with these theoretical issues. A final section concludes with a summary of the contribution of the article to the nascent research programme in public administration for a post-secular world.

Model-Based Estimation of Small Area Dissimilarity Indexes: An Application to Sex Occupational Segregation in Spain

This paper introduces a new statistical methodology for estimating Duncan dissimilarity indexes of occupational segregation by sex in administrative areas and time periods. Given that direct estimators of the proportion of men (or women) in the group of employed people for each occupational sector are not accurate enough in the considered estimation domains, we fit to them a three-fold Fay–Herriot model with random effects at three hierarchical levels. Based on the fitted area-level model, empirical best predictors of the cited proportions and Duncan segregation indexes are derived. A parametric bootstrap algorithm is implemented to estimate the mean squared error. Some simulation studies are included to show how the proposed predictors have a good balance between bias and mean squared error. Data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey are used to illustrate the performance of the new statistical methodology and to give some light about the current state of sex occupational segregation by province in Spain. Research claims that there is a sex gap that persists despite advances in the inclusion of women in the labour market in recent years and that is related to the unequal sharing of family responsabilities and the stigmas still present in modern societies.

The San Francisco Health Systems Collaborative: Public Health and Health Care Delivery Systems’ Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic challenged health care delivery systems worldwide. Many acute care hospitals in communities that experienced surges in cases and hospitalizations had to make decisions such as rationing scarce resources. Hospitals serving low-income communities, communities of color, and those in other historically marginalized or vulnerable groups reported the greatest operational impacts of surges. However, cross-institutional collaborations within jurisdictions offer unique opportunities to prevent or mitigate health disparities in resource utilization and access to care. In January 2020, in response to the emerging coronavirus epidemic, the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) and local hospital and health systems partners convened to align and coordinate medical surge planning and response. Adopting a governance structure of mutual accountability and transparency, the San Francisco Health Systems Collaborative guided local medical and public health response in the areas of medical surge, vaccination administration, testing, and therapeutics. Four principles guided the collaborative response: (1) shared priorities, (2) clear governance and accountability, (3) data transparency, and (4) operational coordination. High-level priorities established included protecting vulnerable people, protecting health care workers, and maintaining health system capacity. The governance structure consisted of three layers: local hospital and health systems’ CEOs coordinating with SFDPH executives; hospital chief medical and nursing officers coordinating high-level surge capacity assessments and mitigation plans; and local clinical operational managers working with public health response operational leaders to coordinate scarce resource utilization. Fluctuating with the tempo of the disease indicators and medical surge, governance and coordination were maintained through a tiered meeting and reporting system. Data visibility and transparency were key principles facilitating operational decision-making and executive-level coordination of resources, including identifying additional surge bed capacity for use systemwide, as well as ensuring efficient and equitable vaccine distribution through implementation of five mass-vaccination sites with prioritized access for vulnerable communities. Applying these four principles of shared priorities, accountability, transparency, and operational coordination and pragmatism helped the public health and individual hospital systems make contributions to the overall response that were aligned with their unique strengths and resources. Publication here represents the first official public use of the name San Francisco Health Systems Collaborative (which had served as the term used internally to refer to the group) and the first time codifying this structure. Through this coordination, San Francisco achieved one of the lowest Covid-19 death rates and had one of the highest vaccination and booster rates, compared with rates across California or the United States. Similar principles and implementation methods can be adopted by other health jurisdictions for future emergency outbreak response.

The Anatomy of Leadership: From Aspirational to Dark Side Leadership Traits

Leadership is all about others on your team and in your organization. Surgical professionals are most likely to follow leaders they trust to care about their professional and personal well-being, and are aligned with their values, while setting and implementing organizational strategy. Ironically, in order to lead others well, it is best and most effective if leaders are humble, vulnerable, and willing to learn more about themselves: specifically their behavioral tendencies when they both are at their best and when they are under duress. For us as leaders, this includes understanding our own predominant leadership style(s); and learning how to expand our leadership preferred tendencies to other styles that may be more effective in certain situations. The POSNA leadership program (PLP) enables participants and faculty to study effective leadership principles and theories; evaluate published examples of exceptional and disastrous leadership in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) real life situations; and have in-depth dialogue on how pediatric orthopaedic surgery leaders can learn from and positively model exemplary leadership characteristics and behaviors. Although our operating rooms, clinics, research and administrative areas are not battlefields, and we are healers not warriors, we and the teams we lead do face uncertain, ambiguous, complex and even volatile situations often enough to require implementation of those refined, high-level skills. Key Concepts(1)Like all leaders, surgeons have preferred leadership styles. Learning about, expanding, and adapting leadership style(s) to specific situations is important and impactful.(2)The most effective leaders are humble, have high integrity, think strategically, are decisive decision makers after input from their trusted professional teams.(3)Trust is the essential ingredient of leading successful teams and organizations. Building trust requires empathy, high task competency, the ability to actively listen and engage in dialogue before and during implementation of plan(s).(4)Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous (VUCA) dilemmas and challenges occur. Leaders and teams who can manage stress, mobilize necessary resources, and respond in a timely fashion to each VUCA situation are most effective.(5)Disruptive behaviors in our profession are more common than ideal. Responding to unprofessional acts, managing perceptions, and redirection to acceptable behavior lessens safety risk for patients and improves team performance and professional well-being.

Unravelling factors influencing demand for modern contraception and evaluating coverage progress since 2015 in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Nigeria: insights from multilevel and geostatistical modelling

IntroductionThe United Nations established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 to enhance global development. In this study, we examine an SDG indicator: the percentage of women aged 15–49 whose family planning needs are met by modern contraception (mDFPS). We evaluate both the factors influencing its coverage and its progress since 2015.MethodsWe used nationally representative surveys data (Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA)) from Ethiopia, Kenya, and Nigeria. We assessed predictors of mDFPS. We also computed mDFPS coverage across countries and subnational areas, assessing coverage changes from the SDGs onset to the most recent period, using a Bayesian model-based geostatistical approach. We assessed whether the subnational areas exceeded the minimum recommended WHO mDFPS coverage of 75%.ResultsVaried individual and community-level determinants emerged, highlighting the countries’ uniqueness. Factors such as being part of a female-headed household, and low household wealth, lowered the odds of mDFPS, while rural-residence had low odds only in Ethiopia and Nigeria. The results indicate mDFPS stagnation in most administrative areas across the three countries. Geographic disparities persisted over time, favouring affluent regions. The predicted posterior proportion of mDFPS and exceedance probability (EP) for WHO target for Ethiopia was 39.85% (95% CI: [4.51, 83.01], EP = 0.08) in 2016 and 46.28% (95% CI: [7.15, 85.99], EP = 0.13) in 2019. In Kenya, the adjusted predicted proportion for 2014 was 30.19% (95% CI: [2.59, 80.24], EP = 0.06) and 44.16% (95%CI: [9.35, 80.24], EP = 0.13) in 2022. In Nigeria, the predicted posterior proportion of mDFPS was 17.91% (95% CI: [1.24, 61.29], EP = 0.00) in 2013, and it was 23.08% (95% CI: [1.80, 56.24], EP = 0.00) in 2018. None of the sub-national areas in Ethiopia and Nigeria exceeded the WHO target. While 9 out of 47 counties in Kenya in 2022 exceeded the WHO mDFPS target.ConclusionThe study unveils demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic mDFPS disparities, signalling progress and stagnation across administrative areas. The findings offer policymakers and governments insights into targeting interventions for enhanced mDFPS coverage. Context-specific strategies can address local needs, aiding SDG attainment.

Saltwater intrusion and human health risks for coastal populations under 2050 climate scenarios

Populations consuming saline drinking water are at greater risk of high blood pressure and potentially other adverse health outcomes. We modelled data and used available datasets to identify countries of higher vulnerability to future saltwater intrusion associated with climate change in 2050 under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5. We developed three vulnerability criteria to capture geographies with: (1) any coastal areas with projected inland saltwater intrusion of ≥ 1 km inland, (2) > 50% of the population in coastal secondary administrative areas with reliance on groundwater for drinking water, and 3) high national average sodium urinary excretion (i.e., > 3 g/day). We identified 41 nations across all continents (except Antarctica) with ≥ 1 km of inland saltwater intrusion by 2050. Seven low- and middle-income countries of higher vulnerability were all concentrated in South/Southeast Asia. Based on these initial findings, future research should study geological nuances at the local level in higher-risk areas and co-produce with local communities contextually appropriate solutions to secure equitable access to clean drinking water.

Pengelolaan Permukiman Pesisir dan di Atas Air Berkelanjutan di Desa Teluk Sunting, Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

Coastal settlements are highly vulnerable because they are greatly affected by global climate change. Population growth will further increase the use of unorganized built space in the coastal area of Teluk Sunting Village which in the future could lead to conflict as a result of regulations and policies regarding coastal areas. This research was conducted in the coastal residential area of Teluk Sunting Village, Central Siantan District, Anambas Islands Regency. The research method consists of data collection techniques, sampling techniques, data requirements, data presentation, analysis methods and data analysis techniques. The results obtained are that the administrative area of Teluk Sunting Village contains cultivation and protected areas according to the RTRW Spatial Pattern Plan. The area is 5.29 Ha of mangrove ecosystem area and 34.83 Ha of protected forest area. Area of 19.22 Ha cultivation area. The environmental quality results obtained in RT 1 settlements are low quality settlements, RT 3 is medium quality settlements and RT 2 and RT 4 settlements are high quality settlements. The conclusions obtained from the four approaches taken to identify land use patterns, namely land use patterns, land use and use with land tenure, conformity with the RTRW and conformity with the zoning of Aquatic Tourism Parks, are in accordance with the designation. The involvement of stakeholders in the management of coastal and water areas in Teluk Sunting Village is very appropriate to support and ensure the sustainability of the area in the future.

Analysis of the strategic plan for the Acuña Ventures SAS company in Yopal city, Colombia

Nowadays, companies develop strategic plans for making the right decisions, focused on organizational goals and continuous improvement. The present work was carried out in order to analyze the strategic plan for the company Acuña Ventures SAS in the city of Yopal through the positivist methodology, quantitative approach, descriptive design from the application of a Likert-type survey to 5 workers in the administrative area of the company under study, this information allowed consolidating the development of matrices such as DIAMANTE DE PORTER, MEFE, MEFI, IE, DOFA, PEYEA, MICMAC, then the management tool Balanced Scorecard was implemented. In the analysis of the matrices, strategies for internal development, market development and market penetration are identified, focused on the improvement of internal processes, growth and expansion of the company Acuña Ventures SAS