Administrative Action Research Articles

질서행정과 규제개혁

From an administrative law perspective, policing does not only refer to the police in the formal sense, but to administrative actions that are practiced for maintaining order in various areas. However, as order administration is carried out in many administrative areas, regulations will expand accordingly for the purpose of risk prevention. As a result, there will be an increase in the infringement of fundamental rights of individuals. Even if regulations have traditionally been aimed at preventing risks, the purpose of regulations today is not simply about control. It also serves to guide the direction for development of society and functions as a driving force. In order to prevent risks, it is necessary to find ways to promote social and public utility by allowing t is study suggests the following directions for regulatory reform in order administration.
 First, checking the viability of regulations based on the unnecessity of regulations should be prioritized rather than strengthening regulations to expand the purpose of regulation. Second, unclear and unpredictable regulations should be clarified with regulatory reform. Third, regulations should comply with the principle of proportionality. In regulatory reform, the principle of proportionality should be applied to determine whether a regulation should be deregulated or strengthened. Fourth, the criteria, procedures, and methods to be considered in the regulatory reform process should be fully discussed in advance. The relevant procedures and methods should be designed to prevent arbitrary and subjective judgment on individual regulations in exceptional circumstances. Fifth, judicial control should be strengthened when active administrative actions for risk prevention and control are expanded. Sixth, the social costs of regulation should be fully examined.

The Existence of International Agreements on National and Regional Legislation Related to Handling Marine Plastic Waste in Indonesia

Indonesia has ratified international environmental agreements such as the Marine Pollution Convention (MARPOL) 1973/1978, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary. Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel) 1989, United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) 1992, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1992, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Convention, 2001 and several other international agreements. The international agreement has also laid down norms related to plastic waste in the ocean, although they are very limited. For Indonesia, after the ratification of the international agreement, follow-up steps are needed from legislative, administrative, and institutional aspects to funding through laws and regulations. On the other hand, the process of negotiating international agreements regarding plastic waste in the sea is still ongoing. Therefore, it will also be seen how Indonesia's role and the relationship between the draft zero draft international plastic waste agreement and existing international agreements. This article aims to find out and examine the existence of existing and future international agreements and how they affect the national and regional levels, especially those related to plastic waste in the sea. Therefore, various ratification processes, the formation of laws and regulations, institutions, administration, funding, and other actions related to the issue of plastic waste in the sea in Indonesia will be studied. In general, this article has shown that in Indonesia, there are already regulations to implement international agreements both ratified and synchronized with the draft Global Plastic Treaty that is being made. The conclusion shows that the Government of Indonesia has a strong commitment to the existence of international agreements related to plastic waste in the sea. The recommendation or suggestion is that existing or ongoing international agreements should be able to provide benefits for the welfare of the Indonesian people.

Legal Annotation of Court Decision Number 75 / Pdt.Sus – Ipr / Merek / 2022 / Pn Niaga Jkt.Pst in Administrative Certainty for Famous Brands in Indonesia

Review of the trademark determination in court decision Number 75/Pdt.Sus-Hki/Merek/ 2022/Pn Niaga Jkt.Pst rejection of the application for the trademark GENHALILINTAR + Painting by Anofial Asmid because it was registered by PT SOKA CIPTA NIAGA on October 23 2017 with a Notification of Rejection Registration of the Mark "GENHALILINTAR + Painting" Agenda Number D002018027834 dated 31 December 2019 by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property and Decision of the Mark Appeal Commission / Defendant Number 375 / KBM / IPR / 2020 dated 8 September 2020. This turns out to be interesting because in Halilintar Anofial Asmid has registered the GENHALILINTAR + Painting brand in several classes, which of course contradicts the arguments in the Notice of Rejection and Decision of the Mark Appeal Commission. This paper uses normative legal research methods. With the conclusion Based on the legal annotation of the Decision that there are problems that occur in granting well-known trademark rights to certain people or civil legal entities, especially if the trademark holder is not the initial initiator of its popularity. In terms of administrative certainty of the GENHALILINTAR + Painting mark, state administrative legal action in trademark disputes can be filed against the decision to delete a registered mark at the initiative of the Minister. If there has not been an administrative Judge's Decision, the first principle is that the registered mark has a stronger position compared to the popular indication of a mark

The Moral Dilemma of Euthanasia Through the Eyes of the Medical Society in Bulgaria.

With the development of human society, the question of the value and inviolability of human life begins to occupy a central place in the various social strata and social structures. With the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights after the Second World War, the basic postulates protecting the right to inviolability of human life were laid. The question focused on euthanasia has been discussed in several European countries, such as Germany, Ireland, France, and Italy, leading to considerable interest in the medical community in Bulgaria. A prospective study was performed using approved sample cards, analyzing the general knowledge of the medical community in the Republic of Bulgaria about euthanasia and assisted suicide over a period of four months, between January 2023 and May 2023. In this process, 623 people were surveyed, and the questionnaire included several targeted questions through electronically generated samples on the Microsoft Forms platform. The target group had doctors with and without a specialty in various fields of hospital and pre-hospital care, dentists, and students from the fields of medicine and dentistry. The results show that the majority of medical professionals clearly state their positive opinion on the adoption of a law to legalize euthanasia in the Republic of Bulgaria, clearly taking into account the fact that the right to life has always been and always will be the most absolute and fundamental human right. Contrary to the above, it is implied that it is inevitably linked to a quality and fulfilling life without suffering. Identically, they also answered that a person should have the right to know exactly when to end his own life. The medical society in Bulgaria clearly shows its positive opinion regarding the idea that the different forms of euthanasia (active euthanasia and assisted suicide) should be defined as morally and legally permissible. Our research confirms the Bulgarian medical community's opinion that the subject of the problems of euthanasia and its legal regulation are already ripe for public discussion, similar to many other European countries. The actual issue of euthanasia as a conclusion raises several questions related to the process of acceptance of standard algorithms for action in such cases where the same action is legalized by law. It also includes the process of acceptance of strict regulations by the countries for the so-called negative phenomenon "death tourism" and several other administrative actions related to the mandatory registration of every case of euthanasia, the implementation of mandatory consultations with a psychiatrist and psychologist for patients seeking euthanasia as the only possible option, and providing possible alternatives regarding their illness. This is the unchangeable cornerstone for standardizing the legalization process and acceptance of "good death" in Bulgaria. In its essence, euthanasia creates both a social and an ethical conflict in our modern society, appearing at the same time as a kind of "stress test" for the health system.

Judicial Review of the Enforcement of Sectional Title Rules: Administrative Action or Common-Law Review? Trustees for the time being of the Legacy Body Corporate v Bae Estates and Escapes (Pty) Ltd

Judicial Review of the Enforcement of Sectional Title Rules: Administrative Action or Common-Law Review? Trustees for the time being of the Legacy Body Corporate v Bae Estates and Escapes (Pty) Ltd

New insights into the rural development economies under the moderating role of gender equality and mediating role of rural women development

In Pakistan, like other developing countries, rural women's participation has emerged as a profound construct, influencing the country's economic structure. In recent years, its vital reproductive role has opened new ways to overcome the issues of gender inequality, unequal financial distribution, and inadequate training and development. Hence, to bridge a gap in the research, the current study aims to determine the mediating and moderating role of rural women's development and gender equality for economic development in the rural areas of Pakistan. Using 249 samples, the analysis is conducted through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The study's results indicate that skills development and technical training significantly influence rural women's development, whereas access to finance and social networking also ensures economic development in rural areas. With this, the results also confirmed positive mediation and moderation of rural women's development and gender equality. Therefore, in line with these findings, the current study suggests that women's roles in different dimensions of sustainable development are less reflected in the target areas. Policy recommendations focus on practical, legislative, legal, and administrative actions to address these barriers. As such, the study guides policymakers, financial institutions, and governmental organizations to empower rural women by embracing gender equality and economic development.

Bolstering Education Statistics to Serve the Nation

Despite providing objective, benchmark statistics on the condition and progress of U.S. education since 1867, the National Center for Education Statistics has been the center of scrutiny over the last dozen years for its lack of resources and agility as well as for its diminished stature and autonomy. Motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic exposure of NCES’ bureaucratic hurdles, Congress’ interest in reauthorizing the agency and its umbrella organization, and the 2022 National Academies’ report, A Vision and Roadmap for Education Statistics, we explore legislative changes and attendant administrative actions that would contribute to building the trust of respondents who provide data to NCES and users who depend on the agency’s products; our article offers recommendations to that end.

Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Perkara Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Anggota Polisi (Studi Putusan Nomor: 12/G/2022/PTUN.Srg)

The State Administrative Court is a judicial institution that acts as a supervisor of government administration actions. The State Administrative Court, which is the court of first instance, has the function of examining, deciding, and resolving state administrative cases. One of the cases that falls into the realm of the State Administrative Court is the case of the Banten Regional Police Chief Decree Number: KEP/773/XI/2021 concerning the dishonorable dismissal from the Police service on behalf of Ara Syafana due to a violation of the Police professional code of ethics. This research aims to find out 1) The judge's consideration for determining decision number: 12/G/2022/PTUN.Srg with a case of dishonorable dismissal of a police officer, 2) Legal implications arising from decision number: 12/G/2022/PTUN.Srg. The use of qualitative research as a method of this research which type is normative juridical research and uses a case approach and statutory approach. In data collection techniques using literature studies with data acquisition from various related literature and regulations. The results of this study show that: 1) The entire lawsuit of the plaintiff was rejected by the Panel of Judges on the grounds that the arguments in the lawsuit filed by the plaintiff were not legally sufficient or the legal principles were incorrect and the truth of the arguments was not successfully proven by the plaintiff. 2) The legal implications arising from decision number: 12/G/2022/ PTUN.Srg have a significant impact, both for the plaintiff and for the Police institution. The decision resulted in the plaintiff losing his job as a police officer, losing his status as a police officer which could affect his legal rights and obligations. Of course, this also has an impact on the Police institution where the existence of this case can be a bad image of the police in the eyes of the public. This may affect confidence in the professionalism and integrity of the Police.

Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum Kepada Masyarakat

Indonesia is a rule of law country, which means that all government administration actions must be based on law. One of the elements of a rule of law according to Friedrich Julius Stahl is the existence of Administrative Justice (PTUN) as a means of control over government actions as well as a medium for society to seek justice if the government's actions suffer losses. The existence of the State Administrative Court is a form of legal protection for the public for all legal actions carried out by the government so that it is in line with the provisions stipulated in statutory regulations and prevents the public from being exposed to arbitrary actions carried out by the Government. The enactment of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration has expanded the authority of the State Administrative Court in examining administrative decisions. With this extension, it is not my decision that can be used as an object of dispute, but positive fictitious decisions can also be used as an object of dispute.

Applying the index of sustainable urban mobility (I_SUM) in a planned small city: The case of Itá, Brazil

Few cities in the world start in a planned way. Even less those that remain in the initially projected size. Uncontrolled urban and population growth negatively affect urban mobility, such as inefficient public transport and lack of accessibility. Furthermore, constant investment and continued political action are needed to guarantee the sustainability of urban mobility. However, whether planned and small cities also have such mobility problems is unknown. Itá is a small Brazilian city planned and constructed less than 50 years ago due to hydroelectric dam construction. The Index of Sustainable Urban Mobility (I_SUM), developed by Costa, was used to analyze the quality of mobility in Itá. From 87 indicators, 59 could be measured, resulting in a grade of 0.546 (from zero to one). The lower scores in environmental and political aspects reflect the municipal administration's limited actions, despite the well-developed areas due to investments by the group that manages a prominent local business. Also, non-motorized transportation presents an excellent opportunity for the city due to its size. Finally, investments in transport infrastructure and non-motorized modes are necessary to sustain urban mobility.

Judicial Review of Police Administrative Action in India

The Constitution specifies that police are a matter for the states to handle. As a result, there are police forces in all 29 of the states. In order to aid the states in maintaining order, the federal government is permitted to keep its own police force. Because of this, it has seven primary police forces and various police organisations for specific responsibilities including collecting information, investigating, conducting research and preserving records, as well as police training.... Enforcing laws, conducting investigations, and providing a safe haven for citizens are all important responsibilities of law enforcement agencies. Having a well-equipped police force in a vast and populous nation like India is critical to ensuring the safety and security of its citizens. Even more important is the fact that they must be given the operational independence to carry out their duties competently, while taking responsibility for either unsatisfactory performance or abusing authority. This paper begins by giving an idea about the discretionary powers given to administrative authorities and that these powers needs to be checked via judicial control over these powers. Police being one such administrative agency is subjected to judicial review for their actions in that capacity. The article then goes on to discuss about the supremacy of rule of law in any action performed. The actions of any agency are judged on various factors including their compliance to doctrine of ultra vires and principles of natural justice. The scope of the doctrine is very wide and any action is subjected to judicial review on few grounds highlighted in this article. Lastly the article talks about the relief of judicial review that can be sought through invoking various writs.

Feed Additives of Bacterial Origin as an Immunoprotective or Immunostimulating Factor – A Review

Abstract Since January 2006 when using antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed has been banned scientists are looking for the best resolution to apply alternative substances. Extensive research into the health-promoting properties of probiotics and prebiotics has led to significant interest in the mechanisms of action of the combined administration of these feed additives as a synbiotic. Subsequent research has led to the development of new products. Among the most important health benefits of additives are: inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the GI tract, maintenance of homeostasis, treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, and increase in immunity. Specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of action are not well understood and the effect is not always positive, though there are no reports of adverse effects of these substances found in the literature. For this reason, research is still being conducted on their proper application. However, due to the difficulties of carrying out research on humans, evidence of the beneficial effect of these additives comes mainly from experiments on animals. The objective of the present work was to assess the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, as well as new additives including postbiotics, proteobiotics, nutribiotics, and pharmabiotics, on specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of action, increase in immunity, the reduction of a broad spectrum of diseases.

KEPASTIAN HUKUM TERHADAP ORANG ASING YANG DIKENAI TINDAKAN ADMINISTRATIF KEIMIGRASIAN BERDASARKAN PASAL 75 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG KEIMIGRASIAN

Immigration becomes part of the embodiment in implementing the upholding sovereignty over Indonesian Territory with its duty to maintain order in the life of the nation and state towards prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Indonesian Republic. Legal development must receive top priority in order to reduce the occurrence of violations and crimes, especially foreigners who are in the territory of Indonesia. Based on this fact, the formulation of the problem in this thesis is how to regulate and legal certainty for foreigners in the territory of the Indonesian Republic who violate Article 75 paragraph (1) of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration.
 The research method used was a normative research method by studying written law from various sources contained in historical theory, philosophy, comparison, structure, composition, scope and subject, articles explanations, formality and the strength of a binding law. This study used a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a case approach. The data that has been obtained from the results of this study were compiled and analysed qualitatively, then the data was described descriptively
 The results of this study indicate that the legal certainty for foreigners who are subject to Immigration Administrative Actions based on Article 75 paragraph (1) of Law number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration refers to the application of clear, permanent, consistent and consequential laws whose implementation cannot be influenced by subjective state of circumstances. The form of immigration administrative action imposed is in accordance to Article 75 paragraph (2) of Law number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration.

Eradicating public official corruption Indonesia: a revolutionary paradigm focusing on state financial losses

This research explores additional ways to eliminate corruption caused by authority abuse that hurts public finances. The present paradigm of corruption eradication in Indonesia still focuses on punishment, disregarding one of the Anti-Corruption Law's goals, state financial loss restitution. This research is normative, statutory, conceptual, and case-based. The results show that the administrative law approach to eradicating criminal acts of corruption due to government official abuse of authority focuses more on returning state losses through initial supervision by internal government agencies, such as the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus. APIP has direct prosecution and compensation powers. The Supervisory Agency (BPK) finds state financial losses, it is better to take administrative action to recover them by communicating with APIP for time efficiency in eradicating corruption and recovering state losses. Third, sanctions in the authority that results in state financial losses are contained in Article 20 Juncto 21 of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning governance, which only provides administrative sanctions of dismissal and does not require government officials to return state financial losses.

Analysis of measures to support the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic

Subject. The article addresses the system of measures used to support the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives. The focus is on the comparative analysis of efficiency of measures for economy support during the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries, identification of possible correlation between economic recovery and the amount of financial assistance provided. Methods. We employed methods of systems, comparative, structural, and logical analysis. Results. The paper characterizes measures of socio-economic support in China and other countries, discloses relative volumes of support as a percentage of the gross domestic product, analyzes the structure of economic support measures. The performed analysis did not reveal direct impact of the relative amount of assistance to the economy on the growth of real gross product. Using the example of the People's Republic of China, we unveiled the effectiveness of administrative actions to localize the pandemic and support the economy, specified the role of fostering appropriate civic initiative. During the pandemic, the key factor of the subsequent economic recovery is discipline and responsibility of the authorities and society, rather than credit volumes and provision of loans and benefits. Conclusions. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of the institution of strong central government with high social responsibility, and secondary nature of economic support measures compared to administrative measures to support the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 Risks and Vulnerabilities of Street-Connected Children: A Qualitative Study in Bangladesh

The outbreak of COVID-19 exacerbated the plight of street-connected children. This qualitative study was conducted to elucidate child welfare service providers’ (CWSPs) experiences regarding the massive impact of COVID-19 on street-connected children in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Ten CWSPs with direct experience of serving street-connected children during the pandemic were recruited purposively. Findings unveil that government administrative actions taken through lockdowns and restrictions disrupted the lives and livelihood of street-connected children. The pandemic situation caused job losses and restricted children’s opportunities to earn, and intensified their sufferings from hunger, homelessness, and physical and sexual abuse. The children were displaced and detached from their peer network. They were deprived of education, healthcare, social services, and treatment facilities. Despite the risks of COVID-19 and movement restrictions, CWSPs came forward to serve the children with food aid and emergency services in collaboration with a few community-based voluntary organizations. However, the services were not enough to address children’s needs and problems. Findings suggest that CWSPs should adopt strategies for community engagement and multi-stakeholder collaboration to provide better services to the street-connected children during emergencies. A mixed methods research focusing on child maltreatment could be helpful for better understanding of children’s sufferings during the pandemic.

Administrative contracts in the doctrine and system of sources of administrative law of Germany and Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of the doctrinal concept and legislative definition of the administrative contract in the legal systems of Germany and Ukraine, as well as the place of this institution in the system of sources of administrative law of Ukraine. It has been established that recently the influence of the legal doctrine of the Federal Republic of Germany on the administrative law of Ukraine has significantly increased, and it no longer sees “power relations” in the relations between subjects of state power and citizens, and therefore, the concept of proportionality acquires a wider meaning. Under such conditions, an administrative contract is not inferior to an administrative act in its rule of law value. The two-level model of legal regulation of administrative contracts in the Federal Republic of Germany is analyzed, as well as the legal position of the Federal Supreme Court on the applicability of civil law norms in the public sphere. The importance of the place of the public-law contract and its administrative procedure in the Law “On Administrative Procedures” of the Federal Republic of Germany is revealed. A description of the ontological, subject, and methodological criteria for the identification of administrative contracts in the domestic doctrine of administrative law is given. It is proved that the problem of legal regulation of an administrative contract in the Ukrainian legal field should be considered through the prism of three main models of systematization of administrative and procedural legislation, which are used in the legal systems of different countries of the world. Corresponding improvements in legal regulation and own vision of the prospects for the codification of legislation on administrative contracts in the legal field of Ukraine are proposed.

Kedudukan Hukum Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Terhadap Putusan Pemberhentian Tidak Hormat

Indonesia as a developing country is currently developing in various sectors. Globalization is a process of organizational change in relation to the functioning of capitalism, which is characterized by the emergence of market integration and transnational corporations, as well as the underdevelopment of supranational institutions. Thus, it is possible to influence the work behavior of the Indonesian people, so that if the party who feels aggrieved is not satisfied with the results of dispute resolution due to the development of globalization, an appeal is needed. . The appeal as referred to in is an administrative action based on Article 48 of Law Number 51 of 2009 concerning Amendments to Law Number 9 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 5 of 1986 concerning State Administrative Courts (PTUN). The purpose of the wording of this Article is to know the authority of the State Administrative Court in resolving state administrative disputes against dishonorable dismissal decisions and the steps that must be taken to resolve them as state administrative disputes. The research method applied is normative-law. The settlement of labor disputes is resolved by the State Administrative Court, except for labor disputes due to violations of the disciplinary code of the state civil apparatus, which are resolved by administrative complaints to the Personnel Advisory Board. ,

Diagnosis of Environmental Degradation in the Controlled Landfill Area of New Venetia – ES

Objective: One of the main environmental problems of today's society concerns the final disposal of urban solid waste (MSW), and increasing the generation rates of this waste has become a high priority concern for both environmental preservation and human health. Inadequate final disposal leads to serious environmental impacts, including the risks of contamination of soil, subsoil, surface water and groundwater, even after decommissioning of inappropriate sites. The purpose of this research was to assess the level of degradation in the area around the Controlled Landfill of New Venetia. To do so, documentary, oral and bibliographical research was carried out on the area, technical visits, drawing up maps, applying the Quality Index of Waste Landfills (IQR) with adaptations directed to the reality of the landfill and finally, bacteriological analyzes of surface and underground water were carried out in the surroundings of the area. The application of the IQR resulted in a score of 5.15 and the non-existent or deficient aspects that caused this score were: soil waterproofing, plant protection, drainage and treatment of slurry, drainage of rainwater and gases, geotechnical and groundwater monitoring, presence of flies, birds and animals, occurrence of odors and proximity of bodies of water. The results of the bacteriological analyzes indicated a potential for microbiological contamination in the surface water resource downstream of the landfill, which may be linked to extensive livestock rearing, but may also indicate that the slurry contamination plume is influencing the water quality of the analyzed stream. Evaluate the level of degradation in the area around the Controlled New Veneto Landfill. Theoretical benchmark: The inadequate final layout of MSW results in severe environmental impacts, including the risks of contamination of soil, subsoil, surface water and groundwater, even after decommissioning of inappropriate sites. Furthermore, this inadequate destination generates visual pollution, property devaluation in the environs, the presence of precariously organized waste pickers, and promotes the favoring of disease vectors. Method: The methodology encompassed bibliographical review of the area in question, as well as of the concepts associated with the themes necessary for the research; obtaining data and making maps; characterization of the area; determination of the Quality Index of Waste Landfills (IQR) and bacteriological analysis of ground and surface water. Results and conclusion: The application of the IQR, by means of historical and current characterization and evaluation of the controlled landfill of New Venetia, resulted in a score of 5.15 classifying this in inappropriate conditions. The results of the bacteriological analyzes indicated a potential for microbiological contamination in the surface water resource downstream of the landfill, which may be linked to extensive livestock rearing, but may also indicate that the slurry contamination plume is influencing the water quality of the analyzed stream. Research implications: The results of this research should serve as a basis for reflections and analysis on aspects necessary for the correct implementation of final destination systems of MSW, as well as for the deactivation and recovery of them. In addition, it also supports the study of improvements that can be made in the area of the controlled landfill of New Venetia, to adapt and reduce the impacts and environmental risks of the area. Besides collaborating for the education and environmental awareness of the inhabitants of the municipality. Originality/value: To bring reflections from an analysis of multiple factors and consequences arising from the inadequate final destination of the MSW, emphasizing the importance and necessity of the study and characterization of these sites, administrative political actions and awareness of the population.

Informational Confrontation of “MoskovskieVedomosti” Journal and European Press During Polish Uprising of 1863

In the article the author examines informational confrontation of “MoskovskieVedomosti” journal with European press during Polish uprising of 1863. In response to the aggressive anti-Russian rhetoric of the Western press, “Moskovskie Vedomosti” vigorously supported the actions of Russian administration in Poland, headed by General M.N. Muravyov. On the basis of the newspaper's publications analysis, the author reveals the main ideological and thematic directions of their statements on the Polish issue: exposes the policy of Western powers that used the situation in Poland to pressure Russia and weaken it; substantiates the the anti-national nature of the uprising, initiated by the Polish nobility and Catholic clergy; shows the formation of the rebels negative image, and exposes the falsifi cations and insinuations of the Western press. The author comes to the conclusion that the publications of “Moscow Vedomosti” during the period of military operations in Poland contributed to the formation of the consolidated public opinion in Russia, and their confrontation with the leading Western European editions can be considered as prototype of modern information wars.