Administration Strategies Research Articles

The Influence of Trust on Voluntary Tax Compliance in Tanzania: A Case of Small Enterprises

The study assessed the influence of trust on voluntary tax compliance from a small enterprise perspective. The study integrated both institutional trust and interpersonal trust in the hypothesized model. The study employed a quantitative approach along with an explanatory research strategy. Data were collected from 100 conveniently selected owners of small enterprises using structured questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis whereas Smart PLS 4.0 served as a statistical tool for analysis. The results from SEM indicated that institutional trust has a statistically significant influence on voluntary tax compliance among small enterprises. Also, the results indicated that institutional trust mediates the influence of interpersonal trust on voluntary tax compliance among small enterprises. Furthermore, the total effect results from SEM indicated that interpersonal trust has a significant influence on voluntary tax compliance among small enterprises. Implicitly, both institutional and interpersonal trusts play a significant role in enhancing voluntary tax compliance among small enterprises. Respondents believe that their voluntary tax compliance would increase if they had trust-based relationships with officials and tax authorities. Therefore, in order for the tax authority to enhance voluntary compliance behaviour, it is vital to focus on tax administration strategies that would build, enhance and sustain the trustworthiness of organizations and officials to ensure sustainable domestic revenue for socio-economic development.

Development of Higher Vocational Education and Innovative Talent Cultivation Practices in a Selected University in Haikou City, China

This study explores the implementation of higher vocational education (HVE) reforms and innovative talent cultivation practices in Haikou City, China. Using mixed methods, the research examines administrative strategies in global perspectives, curriculum development, faculty development, infrastructure and resources, research and innovation, and student support services. The findings revealed that while institutional efforts were generally rated as "Implemented," areas such as faculty development and collaboration were perceived as strengths, whereas research, student support, and innovative teaching methods required further enhancement. Significant differences in perceptions were observed based on demographic factors such as age, educational attainment, sex, and grade level, emphasizing the need for inclusive and equitable strategies. Correlation analysis underscored the interconnectedness between higher vocational education developments and talent cultivation practices, with global perspectives and curriculum development strongly linked to teaching innovation and ethical education.

Brain-targeting drug delivery systems: The state of the art in treatment of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor, characterized by a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) present significant obstacles to the efficacy of tumor-targeted pharmacotherapy, thereby impeding the therapeutic potential of numerous candidate drugs. Targeting delivery of adequate doses of drug across the BBB to treat GBM has become a prominent research area in recent years. This emphasis has driven the exploration and evaluation of diverse technologies for GBM pharmacotherapy, with some already undergoing clinical trials. This review provides a thorough overview of recent advancements and challenges in targeted drug delivery for GBM treatment. It specifically emphasizes systemic drug administration strategies to assess their potential and limitations in GBM treatment. Furthermore, this review highlights promising future research directions in the development of intelligent drug delivery systems aimed at overcoming current challenges and enhancing therapeutic efficacy against GBM. These advancements not only support foundational research on targeted drug delivery systems for GBM but also offer methodological approaches for future clinical applications.

Factors of students’ non-lecture attendance and administrative strategies for its effective management in Nigerian universities

Factors of students’ non-lecture attendance and administrative strategies for its effective management in Nigerian universities

Securing and Managing Cloud Databases for Business - Critical Applications

Mission-critical applications demand robust and reliable database management. This paper examines key strategies for Database Administrators (DBAs) managing these applications in the cloud. We discuss critical aspects such as performance optimization through sharding, replication, and read replicas. We also explore strategies for ensuring high availability and disaster recovery, including leveraging cloud-native services like autoscaling and failover mechanisms. Furthermore, we delve into critical security considerations, including data encryption, access control, and threat detection. Finally, we analyze best practices for optimizing cloud database costs while maintaining performance and reliability. This Paper explores as cloud-based infrastructures continue to change, a deep understanding of the differences between SQL databases, such as MySQL, SQL Server, RedShift, PostgreSQL, and Oracle, and NoSQL solutions, such as MongoDB, Cassandra, and DynamoDB, a prerequisite to design to manage systems

Rescue RM/CS-AKI by blocking strategy with one-dose anti-myoglobin RabMAb

Rhabdomyolysis or Crush syndrome-related AKI (RM/CS-AKI) has high mortality, and there is no effective early on-site treatment method. The critical pathogenic factor of RM/CS-AKI is the excessive free myoglobin (Mb) in blood circulation. Here, based on the concept of creating a “mobile barrier”, we develop an anti-Mb rabbit monoclonal antibody (RabMAb) with high specificity, affinity, stability, and broad species reactivity. A single dose of anti-Mb RabMAb injection is sufficient for emergency rescue in both homologous and heterologous RM/CS-AKI male animal models. The main goal of blocking the passage of free Mb through the glomerular filtration barrier has been achieved by using the anti-Mb RabMAb, which has a long-term stable therapeutic effect within 14 days and promotes phagocytosis of Mb. The optimal administration strategy, pharmacokinetic analysis, toxicity evaluation for anti-Mb RabMAb, and the distribution of its immune complexes in RM/CS-AKI mice are investigated. Thus, we develop effective prevention and control strategies for RM/CS-AKI.

Optimizing Intravascular Fluid Volume Management in Perioperative Care in Bangladesh

Background: Effective perioperative fluid management is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing complications. This study evaluates the relationship between intraoperative fluid administration, hemodynamic monitoring, and postoperative outcomes. Methods: A total of 450 patients undergoing elective and emergency surgeries were analyzed. Data included intraoperative fluid volumes, hemodynamic monitoring (SVV/PPV availability), and postoperative outcomes such as hypotension, pulmonary edema, ICU admissions, and hospital length of stay. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify associations between fluid management practices and postoperative complications. Results: The mean total intraoperative fluid volume was 2500 ± 600 mL, predominantly comprising crystalloids (2000 ± 500 mL). Colloids and blood products were administered at mean volumes of 500 ± 200 mL and 300 ± 150 mL, respectively. Postoperative hypotension occurred in 12.5% of patients, with higher rates observed in those lacking SVV/PPV monitoring (14.5% vs. 12.5%). Pulmonary edema and ICU admissions were observed in 5.0% and 2.5% of cases, respectively. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring was utilized in 40.0% of patients and was associated with improved fluid management and reduced complication rates. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of perioperative fluid management and the potential benefits of advanced hemodynamic monitoring in minimizing postoperative complications. Tailored fluid administration strategies based on patient-specific needs and monitoring data are essential for improving surgical outcomes.

Adenovirus-Neutralizing and Infection-Promoting Activities Measured in Serum of Human Brain Cancer Patients Treated with Oncolytic Adenovirus Ad5-∆24.RGD.

Oncolytic adenoviruses derived from human serotype 5 (Ad5) are being developed to treat cancer. Treatment efficacy could be affected by pre-existing or induced neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), in particular in repeat administration strategies. Several oncolytic adenoviruses that are currently in clinical development have modified fiber proteins to increase their infectivity. One example is Ad5-∆24.RGD, which carries a cyclic RGD peptide insert in the fiber protein to allow cell entry via integrins. The effect of anti-Ad5 NAbs on anticancer efficacy could be different for oncolytic adenoviruses with RGD-modified fibers than for unmodified Ad5-based viruses. Here, we determine pre-existing and elicited NAb titers in the serum of patients with glioblastoma who were treated by delivering Ad5-∆24.RGD to the tumor and to the surrounding tumor-infiltrated brain. We show that intracranial infusion of Ad5-∆24.RGD induced mainly neutralization of adenovirus native tropism. Infection of cells with RGD-modified virus was significantly less affected. In cerebrospinal fluid, neutralizing activity against RGD-mediated infection remained very low. Thus, the RGD-mediated alternative cell entry route allowed to bypass pre-existing and induced anti-Ad5 neutralization. Interestingly, in the course of these experiments, we discovered that the serum of most humans promotes the uptake of RGD-modified adenovirus in human cells. The until now unidentified infection-stimulating factor seems distinct from serum proteins known to promote Ad5 infection. Together, our work supports the utility of RGD-modified oncolytic adenoviruses for the treatment of cancer in humans. Since these viruses hardly induced neutralization, they seem particularly suitable for repeat administration treatments.

Emerging approaches to enhance human brain organoid physiology.

Brain organoids are important 3D models for studying human brain development, disease, and evolution. To overcome some of the existing limitations that affect organoid quality, reproducibility, characteristics, and in vivo resemblance, current efforts are directed to improve their physiological relevance by exploring different, yet interconnected, routes. In this review, these approaches and their latest developments are discussed, including stem cell optimization, refining morphogen administration strategies, altering the extracellular matrix (ECM) niche, and manipulating tissue architecture to mimic in vivo brain morphogenesis. Additionally, strategies to increase cell diversity and enhance organoid maturation, such as establishing co-cultures, assembloids, and organoid in vivo xenotransplantation, are reviewed. We explore how these various factors can be tuned and intermingled and speculate on future avenues towards even more physiologically-advanced brain organoids.

Revolutionizing faculty's intrinsic work motivation in China: A novel serial mediation model integrating value-based leadership, growth mindset, and teaching self-efficacy.

This study presents a revolutionary understanding of how value-based leadership enhances the intrinsic work motivation of Chinese university faculty. A novel serial mediation model is introduced, highlighting the interplay between growth mindset and teaching self-efficacy in transmitting the impact of leadership to increased intrinsic motivation. Utilizing a comprehensive sample of 394 faculty members from across China, advanced SmartPLS 3.0 analytics were employed to validate the model. The results demonstrate a significant positive effect of value-based leadership on faculty intrinsic motivation, partially mediated by the sequential influence of nurturing a growth mindset and strong teaching self-efficacy. The findings provide fresh theoretical perspectives and practical strategies for researchers, university leaders, administrators, and policymakers seeking to elevate the intrinsic work motivation of China's academic faculty to new levels.

Adherence to perindopril/amlodipine/atorvastatin combination according to the administration strategy

Abstract Aims To compare adherence to perindopril/amlodipine/atorvastatin combination administrated as a polypill (one pill) vs. separate tablets. Methods and results Using the healthcare utilization database of Lombardy (Italy), 1110 patients who received the perindopril/amlodipine/atorvastatin polypill during 2019–2021 were matched with 1110 patients prescribed the same combination in separate tablets or as two antihypertensive drugs in a single tablet and the lipid-lowering drug tablet separately. Adherence to treatment was assessed over the year after the first perindopril/amlodipine/atorvastatin dispensation as the proportion of the follow-up days covered by prescription (PDC). Patients with a PDC >75% and <25% were defined as highly and poorly adherent, respectively. Adherence dynamics over time were evaluated through group-based trajectory modelling. Cardiovascular-related healthcare costs were also assessed. Log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the risk ratio (RR) of treatment adherence associated with the administration strategy. Among the polypill and the separate-pill combination users, 60% and 18% of patients showed high adherence, respectively; the corresponding figures for the low adherence were 5% and 37%. Compared with the separate-pill combination, the polypill increased the propensity to be highly adherent to treatment by 3.29 times (95% confidence interval: 2.88–3.75) and reduced the low adherence risk (RR = 0.13, 0.10–0.18), irrespective of sex, age, comorbidities, and co-treatment burden also throughout the entire follow-up. The polypill was also associated with lower costs (€676 vs. €1068, P = 0.003). Conclusion In a real-life setting, the polypill improved treatment adherence and reduced healthcare costs compared to the corresponding separate-pill combination. These findings support current guidelines in favour of the polypill.

A Pairwise and Network Meta-analysis of Anti-inflammatory Strategies After Myocardial Infarction: the TITIAN study.

Multiple anti-inflammatory drugs have been tested for secondary prevention after myocardial infarction (MI), giving mixed results and questioning the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy. No head-to-head comparisons between anti-inflammatory drugs have been performed. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory drugs for secondary prevention after MI and the relative merits of specific drugs and administration strategies. Randomized trials of anti-inflammatory therapy for secondary prevention after MI were identified. Primary efficacy and safety endpoints were trial-defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and serious adverse events. Secondary endpoints included all-cause death, individual MACE components, serious infection, cancer, and gastrointestinal adverse events. Pairwise meta-analyses were conducted with interaction analyses for drug type and timing of administration, in addition to network meta-analyses. Multiple sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity sources. Twenty-eight studies, involving 44 406 patients with a mean follow-up of 11 months, were included. Anti-inflammatory therapy reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-0.98), without increasing serious adverse events. However, it was associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (IRR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07-1.36). No significant interaction was observed between the effects of anti-inflammatory therapy on MACE and the timing of administration. In secondary prevention for MI, anti-inflammatory therapy significantly reduces MACE without increasing serious adverse events, but it is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal adverse events.

Predicting Factors Affecting the Behavior of Healthcare Employees in the Use of Personal Protective Equipment During Epidemics Based on Godin et al's Model: A Study in Iran.

Protecting healthcare employees and preventing infection transmission are paramount concerns during epidemics. Predicting healthcare employees' behavior regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and identifying the related effective factors can guide educational and administrative strategies and enable timely interventions during outbreaks. This study aimed to predict factors affecting the healthcare employees' behavior in the use of PPE at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran, based on Godin et al's model. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. After reviewing the related articles and interviewing the experts and based on the model of Godin et al. (2008), a questionnaire was developed, validated, and tested for reliability using face and content validity as well as Cronbach's alpha. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.21 and modeled by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SPSS v.21 and Smart PLS v.3 software. The questionnaire was valid (CVI = 86.42, CVR = 81.71) and reliable (α = .85). The model exhibited appropriate measurement, structural, and overall fit. Beliefs about consequences, social influences, habits/past behavior, role and identity, characteristics of employees, moral norms, and beliefs about capabilities indirectly and significantly influenced behavior (P < .001). Additionally, beliefs about capabilities (P < .001), habits/past behavior (P = .001), and intention (P = .001) directly and significantly influenced PPE use behavior during epidemics. The results emphasized the necessity of targeted interventions based on the studied model constructs within healthcare organizations. By promoting positive beliefs about PPE effectiveness and encouraging appropriate intentions and behaviors, healthcare organizations can significantly improve employee's adherence to PPE use during pandemics.

Strategies to Enhance Nanocrystal Formulations for Overcoming Physiological Barriers Across Diverse Routes of Administration.

Poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability limit the translation of new drug candidates into clinical applications. Nanocrystal formulations offer a promising approach for improving the dissolution rate and saturation solubility. These formulations are applicable for various routes of administration, with each presenting unique opportunities and challenges posed by the physiological barriers. The development of nanocrystal formulation requires comprehensive understanding of these barriers and the biological environment, along with strategic modulation of particle size, surface properties, and charge to facilitate improved bioavailability to the target site. This review focuses on applications of nanocrystals for diverse administration routes and strategies in overcoming anatomical and physiological delivery barriers. The orally administered nanocrystals benefit from increased solubility, prolonged gastrointestinal retention, and enhanced permeation. However, the nanocrystals, due to their small size and high surface area, are susceptible to aggregation in the presence of gastric fluids and are more prone to enzymatic degradation compared to the macrocrystalline form. Although nanocrystal formulations are composed of pure API, the application of excipients like stabilizers reduces the aggregation and improves formulation stability, solubility, and bioavailability. Some excipients can facilitate sustained drug release. Emerging research in nanocrystals include their application in blood-brain barrier transport, intranasal delivery, stimuli responsiveness, multifunctionality, and diagnostic purposes. However, the challenges related to toxicity, scale-up, and clinical translation still need further attention. Overall, nanocrystal engineering serves as a versatile platform for expanding the therapeutic potential of insoluble drugs and enabling dose reduction for existing drugs, which can minimize toxicity and improve bioavailability at lower dosages.

Hawthorn carbon dots: a novel therapeutic agent for modulating body weight and hepatic lipid profiles in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Obesity, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by excessive body weight and adipose tissue accumulation, is intricately linked to a spectrum of health complications. It is driven by a confluence of factors, including gut microbiota dysbiosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which are pivotal in its pathogenesis. A multifaceted therapeutic strategy that targets these interrelated pathways is essential for effective obesity management. In this context, biomass-derived carbon dots have emerged as a promising avenue due to their diverse biological activities and potential in nanomedicine. Our study presents the synthesis of multi-modal hawthorn carbon dots (HCD), employing a green hydrothermal carbonization method that diverged from traditional stir-frying techniques. This eco-friendly approach facilitates the preparation of HCD, emphasizing the role of sugar compounds as the primary carbon source in their formation. In vitro assays demonstrate that HCD possess potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which are crucial in combating the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with obesity. We further investigate the impact of HCD intervention in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model, employing both post-modeling and simultaneous modeling administration strategies. Our findings reveal that HCD treatment significantly reduces body weight and hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD mice, concurrently enhancing glucose tolerance and alleviating insulin resistance. Moreover, antibiotic perturbation experiments, complemented by bioinformatics analysis of colon microbiota, indicate that HCD substantially modulate gut microbiota composition. This modulation is associated with the amelioration of obesity-related conditions, suggesting that HCD may exert their beneficial effects through the regulation of gut microbiota, in addition to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. These multimodal mechanisms of action position HCD as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of obesity, offering a novel therapeutic strategy that targets the complex interplay of factors involved in this metabolic disorder.

Comparative efficacy and safety of pulmonary surfactant delivery strategies in neonatal RDS: a network meta-analysis

Abstract Purpose To compare five pulmonary surfactant (PS) administration strategies for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), including intubation-surfactant-extubation (InSurE), thin catheter administration, laryngeal mask airway (LMA), surfactant nebulization (SN), and usual care, with a particular emphasis on the comparison of the LMA and SN with other strategies. Methods We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases up to November 2023. Two authors independently conducted data extraction, and assessed bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Frequency-based random-effects network meta-analyses were executed. Results A total of 36 trials and 4035 infants were included in the analysis. LMA (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.42) and Less Invasive Surfactant Administration (LISA) (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.32) significantly reduced intubation rates compared to usual care. SN had a higher intubation rate compared to LISA (OR: 3.36, 95%CI: 1.46 to 7.71) and LMA (OR: 2.92, 95%CI: 1.10 to 7.71). LMA had a higher incidence of BPD compared to LISA (OR: 2.59, 95%CI: 1.21 to 5.54). SN ranked second to LISA in preventing BPD and death, but its efficacy decreased after excluding high-risk studies. SN and LMA had the lowest incidence of adverse events during administration.SN had the highest likelihood of secondary administration. Most results were rated as low or very low quality, with findings related to SN significantly impacted by high-risk trials. Conclusions The thin catheter strategy minimized intubation risk and showed a better composite effect in reducing both mortality and BPD incidence. SN and LMA each showed safety and some clinical benefits in the subpopulations where they were studied, but their efficacy needs further validation through high-quality studies. Registration This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023463756).

Strategi Optimalisasi Administrasi Ekspor Impor dalam Mendukung Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Regional Provinsi Lampung

Import-export administration plays an important role in supporting smooth international trade, which in turn contributes to regional economic growth. This study aims to analyze the optimization strategy of import-export administration in Lampung Province as one of the strategic regions in Indonesia's international trade. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with secondary data analysis from relevant agencies, including the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Office of Industry and Trade, and Bandar Lampung Customs Office. The results show that the main obstacles in import-export administration in Lampung Province include the complexity of bureaucratic procedures, limited infrastructure, and low utilization of digital technology by business actors. To overcome these obstacles, this study recommends optimization strategies that include: (1) digitizing the administration system through an integrated platform; (2) increasing the capacity of human resources through competency-based training; (3) simplifying regulations and harmonizing policies across sectors; and (4) strengthening supporting infrastructure, especially ports and logistics transportation. The implementation of this strategy is expected to improve the efficiency and transparency of administrative processes, accelerate the flow of goods, and improve the competitiveness of import-export in Lampung Province. Thus, optimizing import-export administration not only supports regional economic growth, but also contributes to Indonesia's position in international trade. Keywords: import-export administration, optimization, economic growth, Lampung Province, international trade

Multiphysics modelling of the impact of skin deformation and strain on microneedle-based transdermal therapeutic delivery.

Microneedle patches (MNs) hold enormous potential to facilitate the minimally-invasive delivery of drugs and vaccines transdermally. However, the micro-mechanics of skin deformation significantly influence the permeation of therapeutics through the skin. Previous studies often fail to appreciate the complexities in microneedle-skin mechanical interactions. This may impede the accuracy of MNs pre-clinical assessments. Here, we develop a multiphysics finite element model which simulates the biomechanics of microneedle skin penetration and the subsequent permeation of therapeutics. Employing the aqueous pore path hypothesis, we consider how strain (induced through the insertion of a MN), affects pore geometry in the skin and therefore the diffusion of therapeutics. Our models show that considering the insertion-induced skin deformation alone reduces the transdermal permeation of insulin by 25%, while considering the effect of strain can reduce the overall permeation by a further 45% over 24 hours. Our model also indicates that once the mechanical strain is removed i.e. through removal or dissolution of the array, the permeation through the skin will recover. Furthermore, our results indicate that the delivery of high molecular weight compounds may be most susceptible to strain-induced changes in drug permeation. These findings could have significant implications for the preferred type of microneedle administration when targeting, for example, intradermal or transdermal delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript presents an advanced computational model of microneedle insertion into human skin. Here, we adopt a multiphysics modelling strategy, where we predict the influence of microneedle insertion on skin deformation and strain and how that influences subsequent therapeutic permeation through the skin. Our model predicts that whether or not the microneedle remains in situ, the resultant change in tissue deformation and strain has a major impact on how quickly the therapeutic diffuses through the skin. This has important implications for transdermal device design, administration strategies and protocols and associated clinical studies, where either intradermal or transdermal therapeutic delivery is being targetted.

INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: ADAPTATION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE FOR LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS

The article explores innovative strategies in public administration, emphasizing the adaptation of international practices to local administrations in Ukraine. The relevance of this research lies in addressing the challenges of modern public administration, particularly at the local level, amid global changes driven by digital transformation, evolving management practices, and shifting socio-economic conditions. By studying successful international experiences, this research identifies opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of local governance in Ukraine. The study highlights the transformative potential of innovative strategies in public administration, particularly in digitalization, citizen engagement, and the use of modern technologies. These approaches, proven effective in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Scandinavia, offer insights into enhancing institutional capacity and service quality while fostering sustainable local community development. The article underscores the importance of contextualizing these global practices to align with Ukraine's unique administrative, cultural, and socio-economic characteristics. Key innovations discussed include e-governance, citizen participation mechanisms, and the application of information technology to streamline administrative processes. Knowledge management and the development of intellectual capital are also emphasized as vital components for enhancing administrative capabilities. Training platforms for local government personnel ensure a skilled workforce capable of implementing innovative solutions. Furthermore, the integration of sustainable infrastructure and green technologies is identified as essential for optimizing resource use and improving urban quality of life, aligning with global sustainability goals. By synthesizing international best practices, this research provides actionable recommendations for adapting these strategies to Ukraine's local governance framework. It advocates for a comprehensive, innovation-driven approach to public administration that integrates efficiency, inclusivity, and sustainability as core principles.

COVID-19 pandemic- mitigation and governmental response, Uttarakhand

The Health Department of the Uttarakhand State Government, in collaboration with various other departments, implemented a timely and comprehensive response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. A range of administrative and technical strategies were adopted, encompassing not only preventive and mitigation measures but also interventions designed to address the pandemic's economic and social impacts. This editorial highlights the coordinated efforts of different departments and the integrated governmental approach taken by the state of Uttarakhand to effectively respond to and mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.